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Crosshatching Values

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  1. VALUE SCALES Brenda Hoddinott L-01 INTERMEDIATE: CROSSHATCHING Learning how to render value scales, a broad range of different values, is an integral aspect of shading. Crosshatching is a highly effective technique for drawing various realistic and creative textures. This lesson is divided into three sections: ¾ DRAWING CROSSHATCHING SETS: You make three different values by drawing crosshatching lines either far apart or close together. Crosshatching is a classical shading technique, comprised of sets of lines drawn closely together, in which one set crosses over (overlaps) another set, to give the illusion of various values. ¾ CREATING VALUE SCALES: By letting your pencils do some of the work, you have more control over the values to wish to achieve. You render a full range of ten values by varying the density of the lines, the pressure used in holding pencils, and by using different grades of pencils. ¾ EXPERIMENTING WITH CROSSHATCHING: Styles of crosshatching are only limited by your imagination. In this section, you have fun creating less traditional crosshatching styles. Suggested supplies include 2H, HB, 2B, 4B and 6B pencils, vinyl and kneaded erasers, and drawing paper. 7 PAGES – 12 ILLUSTRATIONS This lesson is recommended for artists and aspiring artists, of all levels and abilities, with an interest in learning the classical shading technique of crosshatching. Curriculum is recommended for home schooling, academic and recreational fine art educators. Published by Hoddinott Fine Art Publishers, Halifax, NS, Canada – Revised 2006
  2. 2 DRAWING CROSSHATCHING SETS You become more comfortable with using shading in your drawings when you know how to draw value scales. Shading refers to the various shades of gray (values) in a drawing that make drawings look three-dimensional. Values are the different shades of gray created when you draw by varying the density of the shading lines, and the pressure used in holding various pencils. Value scale refers to the range of different values from light to dark or from dark to light. Crosshatching, a classical shading technique, is comprised of sets of lines drawn closely together, in which one set of lines crosses over (overlaps) another set to give the illusion of various values. When you can render sets of crosshatching lines well, you discover a highly effective tool for achieving diverse realistic shading styles. ILLUSTRATION 01-01 Examine these three crosshatching sets. The first set (on the left) has very few lines drawn far apart, creating the illusion of a light value. The second is darker, and the third is the darkest. ILLUSTRATION 01-02 In the following simple exercise, you use a 2B pencil to draw three different values, by drawing lines either far apart or close together. 1) Draw a set of diagonal hatching lines that are far apart and few in number. 2) Draw a second set of lines, overlapping the first set. The hatching set now becomes a crosshatching set. ILLUSTRATION 01-03 3) Draw a second set of crosshatching lines a little closer together than your first set. The second set is made up of lots more lines. Hence, the overall value looks darker than the first. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com
  3. 3 ILLUSTRATION 01-04 4) Draw a third set of crosshatching lines that are very close together. Many more lines make up this set. Also, not much of the white paper is still showing through. Everyone has a natural hand motion, which provides the ability to make smooth shading lines. Experiment with drawing parallel lines and note how you make these lines. Try different ways of moving your pencil, rotating your paper, or changing the angle of your lines, until you find the hand motions that are the most natural for you. CREATING VALUE SCALES In this section you render a full range of ten values by varying the density of the lines, the pressure used in holding pencils, and by using different grades of pencils. By letting your pencils do some of the work, you have more control over the values to wish to achieve. Before you begin, practice crosshatching with each of your pencils and notice their differences. The 2H is the lightest (hardest) and the 6B is the darkest (softest). The 6B is very good for darker values, 2B is great for middle values, and 2H works well for light values. 1) Using your 2H pencil, draw the first three values beginning with the lightest. Vary the pressure used in holding your pencil; press lightly for the really light values and a little harder for somewhat darker values. 2) With your HB pencil, draw the last two values in this set of five. Have a look at your value scale. How many different values did you make? Keep practicing this value scale in your sketchbook until you can draw five different light values. ILLUSTRATION 01-05 Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com
  4. 4 3) With your 2B pencil, draw the first two values in this set of five dark values. Use the same techniques as used to draw five light values. 4) Use your 4B for the third and fourth value. 5) Use your 6B for the darkest value. ILLUSTRATION 01-06 Put you light and dark value scales beside one another and examine the full range of values. Keep practicing until you can draw ten different values. ILLUSTRATION 01-07 ILLUSTRATION 01-08 Examine these two sets of crosshatching lines. In the crosshatching example in the upper left, you can clearly see my lines. I draw my lines very closely together in the lower right set, to create the illusion of a smooth, solid tone (without blending). Beginners can generally make do nicely with only three or four different graphite pencils. The pencils I use most frequently are a 2H, HB, 2B, and 6B. The 2H is the lightest (hardest) and the 6B is the darkest (softest). You can expect to use the HB and 2B the most often. However, with a full set of pencils from 6H to 8B, the potential range of values you can render is infinite. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com
  5. 5 ILLUSTRATION 01-09 1) Use crosshatching to draw a full value scale, from light to dark, of ten values. Try to make each value look like a solid tone. 2) Draw another full value scale from dark to light. This is a little more challenging for some people. EXPERIMENTING WITH CROSSHATCHING Styles of crosshatching are only limited by your imagination. In this section, have fun creating crosshatching values (and value scales) from less traditional crosshatching methods. 1) Draw each of the crosshatching styles in illustrations 01-10 to 01-12. ILLUSTRATION 01-10 Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com
  6. 6 ILLUSTRATION 01-11 ILLUSTRATION 01-12 Imagine how you could apply each of these sets of crosshatching lines to something in a drawing. 2) Create some crosshatching styles of your very own. 3) Render value scales with a few creative styles of crosshatching. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com
  7. 7 BRENDA HODDINOTT - BIOGRAPHY As a self-educated teacher, visual artist, portraitist, forensic artist, and illustrator, Brenda Hoddinott utilizes diverse art media including graphite, technical pen, colored pencil, chalk pastel, charcoal, conté crayon, and oil paints. My philosophy on teaching art is to focus primarily on the enjoyment aspects while gently introducing the technical and academic. Hence, in creating a passion for the subject matter, the quest for knowledge also becomes enjoyable. >Brenda Hoddinott< Born in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Brenda grew up in the small town of Corner Brook. She developed strong technical competencies with a personal commitment to self directed learning, and the aid of assorted “Learn to Draw” books. During Brenda’s twenty-five year career as a self-educated civilian forensic artist, numerous criminal investigation departments have employed Brenda’s skills, including Royal Canadian Mounted Police and municipal police departments. In 1992, Brenda was honored with a commendation from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and in 1994, she was awarded a Certificate of Membership from “Forensic Artists International”. Her home-based art career included graphic design, and teaching recreational drawing and painting classes. As supervisor of her community’s recreational art department, Brenda hired and trained teachers, and designed curriculum for several children’s art programs. In 1998, Brenda chose to end her eighteen-year career as an art educator in order to devote more time to writing, drawing, painting, and developing her websites. Drawspace http://www.drawspace.com incorporates her unique style and innovative approach to curriculum development. This site offers downloadable and printable drawing classes for students of all abilities from the age of eight through adult. Students of all ages, levels and abilities have praised the simple step-by-step instructional approach. This site is respected as a resource for fine art educators, home schooling programs, and educational facilities throughout the world. LEARN-TO-DRAW BOOKS BY BRENDA HODDINOTT ¾ Drawing for Dummies: Wiley Publishing, Inc., New, York, NY, this 336 page book is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally. ¾ The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Drawing People: Winner of the Alpha-Penguin Book of the Year Award 2004, Alpha - Pearson Education – Macmillan, Indianapolis, IN, this 360 page book is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web site http://www.finearteducation.com or http://www.drawspace.com
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