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Kinh nghiệm viết đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh: Phần 1

Chia sẻ: Manh Manh | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:145

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Tài liệu Hướng dẫn viết đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh: Phần 1 trình bày những vấn đề căn bản mà các bạn cần nắm vững để có thể dùng đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh trong các bài viết và các bài nghiên cứu bằng tiếng Anh của mình. Trong phần 1 này Tài liệu sẽ giới thiệu tới các bạn những kiến thức cơ bản về ngữ pháp tiếng Anh như: cách sử dụng từ loại, đại từ, động từ. Bên cạnh đó, Tài liệu còn giúp các bạn biết cách dùng từ đúng.

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Nội dung Text: Kinh nghiệm viết đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh: Phần 1

  1. C K .0 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 4 5 ► D u n g d u n g c d c tir lo q i 1 ► P h o t tr ie n k y n d n g v ie t d a n g n g u p h d p ► H o n 2 0 0 b d i ta p v d v i d u cd k e m d a p d n ► T v k id m tr a v d c d n g cd k ie n th d c
  2. Hiidng dan viet dung ngU phap tieng Anh
  3. TH A N H THAO - THANH HOA N h o m b ie n s o a n HlTdNG DAN V IET DUNG NGU* PHAP TIENG ANH > Dung dung cac tti loai > P h at trien ky nang viet dung ngii phap > Hdn 200 bai t&p va vi du co kem dap an V Tu kiem tra va cung co kien thiic. NHA XUAT BA N TITDIEN BACH KHOA
  4. L Cf l NOI DAU M$t trong nhtfng vSfn d i m i h iu hSt c i c ht?c viSn tiS'ng Anh, k& c i hoc sinh - sinh viSn, c[uan tim l i lim sao cd th S tu ki&m tra nhOng diSu minh ndi hay viS’t AH dung ngO phip chira, ho£c ddi luc ti/ thjfy bd'i rS'i khSng biS’t nSn dung theo c ic h n io cho dung ngtf phip hoSc nin chon tir th£ n io cho c iu v2n ngin gcpn, sue t(ch. Xu/t p h it tCr mtfi quan tim d6, dSng thbi cung nhJlm giup htpc viSn tu tin hern khi sd dijng tlS'ng Anh. chung tS i biSn soan c\uy$r\ "Hudng dSn viS't dung ngO phip t\£ng Anh". trinh I?Ay nhUng vkn dS c in b in m i hoc viSn c in nim vOng d S c6 t h i dung dung ngQ phip tiin g Anh trong c i c b ii viSt v i b ii nghiSn cuu cda mmh. 5 ic h gSm 5 phin, duqc b8 eye thinh 14 chucmg theo tung chJ di£m rd rin g nhim hudng d in c ic h dung dung c i c tuf loai nhu dSng tCr, danh tir. tmh tt>, dal tir, v.v...; phin biSt c i c iSi ngO phip thudng g ip nhu tSi chi'm c iu , iSi chfnh t i , iSi viS’t hoa, v i iSi cu phip; viS't c iu dung v i hoin chlnh; p h it t r iin b ii viS't theo vin phong riSng c Ja minh nhung nhim dung v io muc dfch v i loai dSi tLlong m i minh quan t im d i b ii viS't dat hiSu
  5. PHAN 1 ChAo MLTNq dEN vuNq dAT NqCr phAp ****************************************************** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  6. ©Htf0N6 9 &&Loai 9 Toi co c a n d ? c chiramg n a y k h o n g ? Ban ucu doc clui'o'iit* uav ucu ban can 6 u lai lioac • hoc • vc Tinh tu (Adjective) Trang tu (Adverb) Li?n tu (Conjunction) Than tu (Interjection) Danh tu (Noun) —^ Gioi tu (Preposition) Dai tu (Pronoun) Cong tu (Verb) rong chiTOng nay, ban se on tap ve tCr loai mot cach chuan mu’c 6 T de biet cac tir ghep lai vdi nhau tao ra nghia nhu”the nao. Trong cac chiTOng sau, ban se hoc cach siTa loi do dung sai tir loai
  7. Tieng Anh la mot ngon ngtf rSft linli hoat. Nghla cua tuf khong nhffng bSt ngu6n tir cach viet va pliat 3m ma con tuf cach suf dung tuf do trong cau. Khi ban on tap tuf loai, hay nhcl rang cach dung tuf trong cau quyet dinli no la tuf loai nao. VI du: Danh tuf: I ate fish for dinner. Toi da an cd vdo bita toi. Dong tuf: We fish in the lake on every Tuesday. C hung toi cau cd o' ho vdo moi thit ba. Tinh tit Tinh tuf la tuf dung de mieu ta danh tu* va dai tir. Tinh tu" tra Idi nhffng cau hoi nhtf: What kind (Loai gi)? How much (Bao nhieu)? Which one (Cai nao)? How many (May cai)? Vi du nhu": What kind? red nose gold ring How much? more sugar little effort Which one? second chance those chocolates How many? several chances six books Co nam loai tinh tu": tinh tu" chung, tinh tuf rieng, tinh tijf ghep, mao ti* va tinh tu" bat dinh. 1. Tinh tir chung mieu ta danh tffhoac dai tijf. Strong man Green plant Beautiful view 2. Tinh tif rieng difOc tao ra tuf danh tir rieng. California vegetables (tir danh tir “California”) Mexican food (tir danh tir “M exico”) 3. Tinh tir ghep diTOc tao nen tir hai tir trd len. 7
  8. Far-off country Teenage person 4. Mao tCr la mot dang tinh tff d&c biet. Co ba mao tff la: a, an, the. The dffdc goi \k “mao tir x4c dinh” vi no chi nhffng vat x£c dinh. A va an dffOc goi la “mao tir bat dinh” vi chung chi nhffng vat chung chung. Sffdunga vdi tirbifr d a u b in g phu am; dilng an trffdc tvr b
  9. yy\c^o- f\i\& Tinh tuf vi ngfl la tinh tiif cach danh tijf hofic dai tijf bdi mot dong tCf lien k£t. Tinh tuf vi ngfl co chufc nSng mieu ta chu ngff cua cSu. The w eather was cold all week. Thbi tiet lanh leo cd tudn. Trang tit Trang tuf la tCr mieu ta dong tff, tinh tff hoSc trang tff kMc. Trang tff tra Idi nhffng cau h6i nhff: When (khi nao)? Where (d dau)? How (nhff the" nao)? hoSc To what extent (Tdi mffc nao)? W hen? left yesterday begin now W here? fell below move up How? happily sang danced badly To what extent? partly finished eat completely Hau het trang tff dffdc thanh lap b^ng cach them -ly vao sau tinh tff. Vi du: Adjective Adverb Quick — quickly Careful — carefully Accurate — accurately Day la mot vai trang tff khong -ly thffdng dung: afterward almost already also back even far fast hard here how late long low more near never next now often quick rather slow soon still then today tomorrow too when where yesterday 9
  10. Hay theo nhffng nguyen tic n&y khi ban dilng trang tff: 1. Sfrdung trang tff de mieu ta dong tff. Experiments using dynamite must be done carefully. verb adv. Cac thi nghiem dung chat no dinamit phdi thuc hien mot cach c \ than. 2. Diing trang tff de mieu ta tinh tff. Sam had an unbelievably huge appetite for chips, adv. Adj. Sam me an khoai tdy ran den mice khong tudng tuong noi. 3. Dung trang tff de mieu ta mot trang tff khac. They sang so clearly. adv. adv. Ho hat rd lam sao. c > T rang tuf lien ket ditac suf dung de noi ttt, noi y va V\& ) ) ) doan v3n. accordingly again also besides consequently finally for example fu rth erm o re however indeed m oreover on the o th e r hand otherwise nevertheless then th erefo re v Ct2n tit Lien tff noi tff hoac cum tff va cho biet cac tff co lien he vdi nhau nhtf the" nao. Co ba loai lien tff: lien tff dang lap (coordinating conjunctions), lien tff tffdng lien (correlative conjunctions) va lien tiTchinh phu (subor­ dinating conjunctions). 10
  11. 1. Lien tff din g lap lien ket nhffng tff hoac cum tff tiWng du’dng. Co bay lien tff dang lap: for and nor but or yet so y y \c . Suf dung t£f sau day de nlicf bay lien tuf dang lap: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) 2. Lien tff tffdng lien cung lien ket nhffng tff hoac cum tff tU’dng dU’dng nhffng luon di theo cSp. Day la cac lien tff tffdng lien: both ... and either... or n e ith e r... nor not only ... but also w hether... or 3. Lien tff chinh phu lien ket mot menh de doc lap (mot cau hoan chinh) vdi mot menh de phu (fragment - cau chtfa hoan chinh). Sau day la nhffng lien tff chinh phu thirdng dung nhat: after although as as if as long as as soon as as though because before even though if in order that since so that though till unless until when whenever where wherever o^cl hcnr loix.tr o r Than tit Than tff d iin dat cam xuc manh me. Vi than tff khong lien ket vdi tff khac trong cau theo ngff phap nen than tff diTdc tach khoi phan c5n lai cua cau bang mot dau phay hoac dau cham than. Vi du: • Oh! What a shock you gave me with that gorilla suit. Oi! Ban lam toi l/ uu sdc vdi bo do khi dot do. • Wow! That’s not a gorilla suit! Wow! Do khong phdi la bo do khi dot! 11
  12. Danh til Danh tiif la tff de goi ten ngirdi, ndi chon, sff vat. Danh tir gom c ic loa| sau: danh tir chung, danh tir rieng, danh tir gh6p va danh tir tap hdp. 1. Danh tir chung goi ten bat cff ai hay vat gi thuoc mot ldp ngirdi, nci chon hay sir vat. girl city food 2. Danh tir rieng goi ten mot ngirdi, ndi chon hoSc vat cu the. Danh ti| rieng luon dffdc viet hoa. Barbara New York City Rice-a-Roni 3. Danh tir gh6p la hai hay nhieu danh tir cilng lam chffc nang cua| mot ddn vi tir. Mot danh tir gh6p cd the la hai tir rieng bi
  13. D a n h tiif s o n h ieu Day la nhffng nguyen L&c thanh lap danh tff sd nhieu. 1. Them s de tao th&nh danh tff sd nhieu doi vdi da so" danh tff. cat —> cats computer -» computers 2. Them es neu danh tff tan ciing bkng s, sh, ch ho&c x. wish —> wishes inch -» inches box -» boxes 3. Neu danh tff tan cilng la phu am -y, thi doi y thanh i va them es. city -> cities lady -> ladies 4. Neu danh tff tan cung blng nguyen.am - y thi chi can them 5. Tuy nhien, nhffng tff tan cilng la -quy khong theo nguyen t^c nay (nhff trong solioquies). essay -> essays monkey -> monkeys Glal til Gidi tff lien ket mot danh tff hoSc dai tff dffng sau no vdi mot tff khac trong cau. Dung bang sau de giup ban nhan ra vai gidi tff dffOc sff dung nhieu nhat: about above across after against along amid around as at before behind beloft beneath beside between beyond but by despite down during except for from in inside into like near on onto of off opposite out outside over past since through to toward under undemea.!' t ' * upon with 13
  14. Gidi tijf luon co mot danh tff ho3c dai tir theo sau. Mot cum gidi tir bac gom mot gidi tvr va doi tffdng cua no. Cum gidi tff cd the gom hai hoac ba tir. on the wing in the door Tuy nhien, cum gidi tirco the dai hdn nhieu, tiiy thuoc vao do dai cua gidi tir va cac tir bo nghla cho doi tffdng cua gidi tir. Near the violently swaying oak trees Gan may cay soi dang du dua dCt d(>i On account o/his nearly depleted bank account Vi tdi khodn ngan hang gdn can kiet cua anh ay Dal til Dai tir la tir dffdc dung de thay the" danh tir hoac dai tir khac. Dai tir giup ban tranh lap lai mot cach khong can thiet khi viet va ndi. Dai tir lay nghla cua danh tir ma no thay the". Danh tir do dffdc goi la tien ngff (ante­ cedent). Although Seattle is damp, it is my favorite city. antecedent pronoun Mac du Seattle dm udt, do la thanh pho. Cd nhieu loai dai tff khac nhau. Hau het dai tffdeu cd tien ngff, nhffng mot so" it thi khong can tien ngff. Tir tien ngtf (antecedent) co nguon goc tiT tieng La tinh, nglua la “di triidc” . Tuy n h ien , tien ngff khong n hat th iet pliai xuat hien trifdc dai tijf trong cau. nlitfng thUdng la th e , de lam cho cau ro rang va tra n h hieu sai. 1. Dai tffnhan xffng (personal pronoun) dung de chi mot ngirdi, ndi chon, do vat cu the. i/i
  15. S o ft So'nhieu Ngoi thtf nhat I, me, mine, my we, us, our, ours Ngoi thtf hai you, your, yours you, your, yours Ngoi thtf ba he, him, his, she, they, them, their, theirs, its her, hers, it 2. Dai tir sd htfu (possessive pronoun) dung de chi quyen sd thuoc. Dai tir sd htfu la your, yours, his, hers, its, ours, their, theirs, whose. Is this beautiful plant yours? Co phdi cai cay dep de nay Id cua ban khong? Yes, it’s ours. Vang, no la cua chung toi. Difng nliam lan dai tif nhan xtfng vdi tijf ru t gon. Dai tiif nlian xtfng khong bao gid co dSu IiTOc, trong khi tuf ru t gon Iuon co dau lifdc. Hay suf dung bang sau: D ai tif Tiif ru t g
  16. 4. Dai tir nhan manh (intensive pronoun) cung tan cung b&ng -5d hoilc -selves nhUng chi nhan manh them cho danh tir h o ic dai tij Tricia herself picked out the car. m Tu Tricia chon chiec xe. 5. Dai tir chi dinh (demonstrative pronoun) htfdng sir chu
  17. anybody anything either little neither no one one somebody something 7 Dai tir nghi van (interrogative pronoun) dilng de d&t cau hoi, bao gom: what, which, who, whom, whose. Who would like to cook dinner? Ai muon nau bCta toi? Which side does the fork go on? Ngd ba di tiep ben nao ? 8. Dai tir bat dinh (indefinite pronoun) dilng de chi ngffdi, ndi chon, do vat ma khong chi ra mot cai cu the nao. Nhffng dai tff bat dinh dffdc liet ke cf trang trffdc. Oong til Dong tff dilng de chi mot hanh dong hoSc mieu ta mot trang th£i ton ai. Cau nao cung phai co dong tff. Co ba loai dong tff can ban la: dong ff chi hanh dong (action verb), dong tff lien ket (linking verb) va trd dong ff (helping verb). D o u g tif c h i h a n h d o n g Dong tff chi hanh dong cho ta biet chu ngff lam gi. Hanh dong co the hay bang m&t (jump, kiss, laugh) hoac trong tinh than (think, learn, study). The cat broke Louise’s china. Con meo da lam vd mon do sii cua U)uise. I f>M«9CTHAi NGUYEN *\rn TAUUAAVVPIT 17
  18. Louise considered buying a new china cabinet. Louise can nhac xem co nen mua mot cai tu sut mdi khong. Dong tiif chi hanh dong c6 hai loai la ngoai dong tif va noi d$ng til| Ngoai dong tff can phai co mot bo ngff trffc tiep. The boss dropped the ball. Ong chu lam rdi qua banh. The workers picked it up. Cac cong nhan nhat no len. Noi dong tif khong can bo ngff trtfc tiep. Who called? A igoiday? The tem perature fell over night. Nhiet do tut xuong vdo ban dem. Trong mot cau, d
  19. Nhieu dong tCr lien ket cung co the lam dong tir chi hanh dong. Lien ket: The kids looked sad. Bon tre trong co ve buon. Hanh dong: I looked for the dog in the pouring rain. Toi tim con cho trong con mua tdm ta. yy\e*> De biet dong tiif dtfdc suf dung la dong tuf lien ket hay dong tuf chi hanh dong, hay thay th§” dong tijf do bang am , are hofic is. Neu dpc len thay co nghla thi dong tuf ban dau la dong tuf lien ket. Tr
  20. Thin tur Danh tur Gidi tu Dai tu D
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