Nghign ctiu<br />
Gia d i n h vA Gi6i<br />
S^ 6 - 2 0 1 2<br />
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Mgt so yeii to'tdc flgng Sen kha nang nh^n biet cua<br />
nguoi cao tuoi A Khinh Mdu, Yen Khdnh, Ninli Binh<br />
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Lo Viet Phuong<br />
Vi$n Gia dinh vd Gidi<br />
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Tdm tat: Dua tren dff li^u ciia nghien cffu "Khao sat ve Sffc<br />
khoe vd Phuc Idi cila ngUdi cao tuoi 6 Vitt Nam" dUdc thUc hien<br />
tai xa Khanh .M,ui, huy?n Yen Khanh, tinh Ninh Binh nam<br />
2010, bdi Viet xem x6t cdc yeu to^ tac dpng den kha nflng nhdn<br />
biet cila ngUcii cao tuoi qua phUdng phap phan tfch hai biffn vd<br />
hoi quy logistic. Ket qua nghien cffu cho thd'y kha nSng nhan<br />
biet cila ngUcli cao tudi chju sU tac dong ciia cac yeu to' nhu mffc<br />
sdng, dp tuoi, sffe khoe lh§ chdt va hoat dpng thUdng ngay.<br />
Nhffng ngUdi cao tuoi cl nhdm tudi 60-69. nhffng ngUcri c6 mffc<br />
sdng kha vd nhflng ngUdi tich cffc tham du cac buoi hop thon,<br />
x6m c6 kha ndng nhdn bi^t to't hOn so vdi nhflng ngUcri cao tuoi<br />
trong nhfim ddi chffng.<br />
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Tir khoa: NgUdi cao tuoi; Sffc khoe tinh th^n; Kha nfing nh&n<br />
biet ciia nguoi cao tuoi.<br />
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1. Dat van de<br />
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Sffc khde tinh thdn Id mdt edu phdn quan trpng trong sffe khde tdng thd.<br />
Theo dd, sffc khde linh thdn Id trang thdi khde manh cua mdi ca nhdn d l<br />
hp nhdn bifi't dupe kha ndng eua ban thdn. cd thi duong dau vdi nhffng<br />
cdng thdng Ihdng thudng trong cudc sdng. cd thi Idm viec va hpc tap mdt<br />
each ed hieu qua va ed ihl tham gia. gdp phdn vao eae hoat ddng ciia cdng<br />
ddng (WHO. 2003:4). Sffc khde tinh thdn Id mdt khai nidm rdng, khdng<br />
1-^6 Viat PhUrfng 27<br />
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Ihl tach rdi trong sffc khde ndi chung, tuy nhien nd dupe coi Id ydu id quan<br />
trpng nhd't dl mang lai cam giac hanh phuc cho mdi ngudi.<br />
Sffe khde tinh thdn eua ngudi eao ludi cd y nghia thuc tiln trong viCc<br />
ndng eao chd't lupng co ed'u ddn sd vd vd'n dl ndy da vd dang ddt ra nhffng<br />
nhu edu nghien cffu. Cho ddn nay. cac nghifin cffu vl .sffe khde tinh thdn<br />
ciia ngudi cao tudi d Vifit Nam thudng quan tdm dfi'n su rdi nhilu tdm trf.<br />
su cd dcfn, cae chung bfinh tdm thdn (theo edch tifi'p edn y hoc) hodc Id cdc<br />
hoat ddng sinh hoai van hda linh thdn cua ngudi eao tudi (theo each tifi'p<br />
can vdn hda) (Ld Vifit Phucmg. 2011). Bfin canh dd. kha ndng nhdn bifi't la<br />
mdt trong nhirng bidn sd do ludng vl .sffc khde linh thdn. Nghifin cffu vl<br />
kha ndng nhdn bifi't cua ngudi eao tudi vd cac yeu td lae ddng gdp phdn<br />
mang lai nhdn thffc day du hon vo vd'n dl sffc khde tinh thdn eiia ngudi gid.<br />
la nhdm ddn sd dac bifit, qua dd cac thanh vifin trong gia dinh vd xa hdi se<br />
CO nhimg each ffng xu day cam thdng va su chdm sde phu hop de ngudi<br />
cao tudi ludn cam thd'y lae quan irong eude sd'ng.<br />
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Dua trfin kfi't qua nghifin cffu cua "Khao sat vl Sffc khde va Phiic loi cCia<br />
ngucri cao lull d Viet Nam" dupe thuc hifin tai xa Khanh Mau, huyen Yfin<br />
Khanh. linh Ninh Binh ndm 2010. bai vifi't tap trung phdn tfch cac ydu td<br />
tac ddng dfi'n kha nang nhan bifi't eua ngudi cao tudi. Cd 288 ngudi cao tudi<br />
tff 60 tudi trd 16n trong tdng sd 407 ngudi tra Idi dupe su diing 1dm mdu<br />
phdn lich cho bdi vifi't.<br />
Trong nghien cffu nay. kha nang nhdn bifi't eiia ngudi cao ludi (NCT)<br />
duoc kiem chffng qua mpt kifi'm nghiem nhd. Ngudi cao tudi tra Idi eho 4<br />
cau hdi 1- "Bdy gid dang la mua gi?", 2 - 'Ten huyen ndy la gi?", 3-<br />
'Trung thu vao ngdy nao?" vd 4- "Dpc lai dung thff tu 3 tff: mat trdi, chifi'c<br />
giay, bac sy".<br />
Kfi'i qua thu dupe cho thd'y, kha ndng nhdn bifi't cua NCT d Khanh Mau<br />
kha tdt dd'i vdi cdc su kien don le, cd tfnh true tiep. Cu thi nhu khi ira Idi<br />
cho ede edu hdi "Bdy gid la mua gi?" - cd tdi 89,5% ngudi tra Idi cho bidt<br />
la miia he - dd cung la thdi dilm diln ra dieu tra, cd 7.3% ngudi tra Idi sai<br />
va 3,1% khdng the tra Idi mde du thdi difi'm diiu tra la ndng ndng dat cue<br />
difi'm cua nam 2010 vd d xa Khanh Mau ludn d tinh trang mat dien. Ty lfi<br />
cho edu tra Idi d edu hdi "T6n huy6n nay la gi?" cung cho kfi't qua tuong<br />
duong. Khi phai gdn su kifin vdi mdt dfl lidu cu the nhu "Trung thu vao<br />
ngay nao?". ly le ngudi cao tudi tra Idi sai cao hon mdt chut (10,1%) so<br />
vdi hai edu hdi tren. 6 edu hdi eudi eiing, NCT edn lap lai dung thff tu eiia<br />
3 tff md didu tra vifin dpc (mdt trdi, chifi'c gidy, bdc sy) thi cd Idi 25,3%<br />
ngudi cao ludi tra Idi sai d edu hdi nay; chi cd 58,3% NCT tra Idi dung va<br />
28 Nghioncffu Gia dinh vA Gidi. Quy^n 22, s6'6, tr. 26-37<br />
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ty Ifi khdng thi ira Idi eung khd cao (1 d.3%). Nhu vdy, kha ndng nhdn bidt<br />
eua NCI d Khanh Mdu td't d eae su kidn cd tfnh true tidp, cdn nhflng su<br />
kifin cdn su liCn kdt. lifin tudng Ihl ty lfi NCT ludn cam thd'y lung tiing hodc<br />
dua ra phuong an tra Idi khdng chinh xac eao hon khd nhilu.<br />
D6 cd Ihl plidn tich .sdu hon. bifi'n sd kha ndng nhdn bidt dupe xdy dtmg<br />
mdi vdi hai phutTng an tra Idi Id: "tdt" vii "khdng tdt" tren eo sd kdt qua<br />
ciia bdn edu hdi da dupe dua ra. Ddi \di nguoidi cao tudi cd kha nang nhdn<br />
bici tdi. thi nhd't Unci phdi o'l dap :in diing ddi vdi cau "dpc lai dung thff tu<br />
cua 3 iff mat trdi, chific gidy va bdc sy" eung vdi en dap dn dung dd'i vdi 2<br />
Irong 3 edu hdi trfin. Kcl qua sd lifiu eho ih.iy. cd 52.1 ^ NCI ed kha ndng<br />
nhdn blot idi. va ty Id cdn lai dupe eho la cd kha ndng nhan bill khdng idi<br />
(47.'J%). Hdu hei nhuTig ngudi eao tudi cd dap dn diing d cau hdi thff 4<br />
(dpc lai ihff tu dung cua 3 iff cho siin) thi ludn ed dap an diing d 2 trong 3<br />
edu hdi edn lai.<br />
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2. Cac yeu to tac dong den kha ndng nhan biet cua ngodi cao tuoi<br />
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Ddc diem cd nhdn<br />
Dd'i vdi ngudi cao tudi, ngudi ban ddi khdng chi la ngudi chdm sde ma<br />
thuc su cdn Id ehd dua vimg chde vl tinh thdn, su cd don dfi dang xdm<br />
ehifi'm nfiu nhu ho khdng .sd'ng cung ban ddi hode eon chau. Theo tidp cdn<br />
phdn tich vl co edu xfi hdi, su tuong tde giffa eae mdi quan hd 1dm cho chii<br />
ihfi cdc md'i quan hfi bdc Id nhffng ddc dilm rieng ciia minh. Bfin canh dd.<br />
theo tifi'p can cua phdn tfch vc tudi gia theo sinh hpc vd vdn hda. yfiu Id<br />
quan trpng nhd't tao ra khuynh hud^g cd Idp \d hdi cua ngudi Idn tudi Id<br />
edi chfi't cua ngudi ban ddi (John J. Maeionis. 10S7' 431). Kci qua so lieu<br />
eho thd'y. nhdm NCF hien sd'ng cung vp/chdng cd ly 16 ed kha ndng nhan<br />
bie't cdn tdt cao hon dang kc so vdi nhdm NCT hi6n khdng sdng cung vp/<br />
chdng (ly 16 tuong ffng 64.9^; \'a 45.7'";p).<br />
Cd 74.9% NCT d nhdm 60-69 tudi cd kha ndng nhdn bidt td't trong khi<br />
ly Ifindy dnhdmtff SOiudi trd Ifin la 19.6%. Vdi mffc y nghia quan hfi chdt<br />
che (P
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