Nghiên cứu chế tạo gạch không nung bằng công nghệ Geopolymer sử dụng tro bay và phế thải bùn đỏ để xây dựng nhà ở

DiJN DAN KHOA HOC CONG NGHE<br /> <br /> <br /> NGHIEN ClIU CHE TAO GACH KHONG NUNG BANG CONG NGHE GEOPOLYMER<br /> Sl^ DUNG TRO BAY VA PHE THAI BUN SO OE XAY Dl/NG NHA 0<br /> PGS.TS,. N G U Y E N V A N C H A N H<br /> Hoc vien cao hgc: V U H U Y E N T R A N , N G U Y E N T H ! T H A N H T H A O<br /> Trddng D a i i i p c B a c h Ktnoa TP. Ho C h i M i r i h<br /> <br /> <br /> Tom tat: Bdi bdo ndy gi6i thieu ket qud nghien cufu ve quy trinh che tqo cuo loqi vqt lieu tong hop tir bun<br /> do vd tro bay dong thdi nghien cdu cdc yeu to dnh hi/dng den tinh chat cua loqi vqt lieu ndy tren co s6 qud trinh<br /> geopolymer hoc tro bay vd bun do. Ket qud cho thdy loqi geopolymer ndy co cdc tinh chdt hodn todn phu hqp<br /> de Idm gqch khong nung dung xdy dung nhd cf vung Toy Nguyen Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> <br /> I.Dat van de: puzzolan cao va thanh phan bao gdm: silic oxit, nhom<br /> Theo Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san exit, canxi oxit, mange oxit, luu huynh oxi't va mgt<br /> Viet Nam (TKV), nudc ta cd trd lupng Bauxite nguyen lupng than chua chay het. Cdn cac hat ciia tro bay thi<br /> khai khoang 5,5 ty tan va theo quy hoach phat then CO dang nhu nhung tinh cau trdn sieu mjn, kfch Ihirdc<br /> bauxite dTay Nguyen, sau 50 nam nua thi se thai ra 10 d i n lOOnm.<br /> 1,15 ty tan biin do. Them vao dd, mpt loai phe thai<br /> khac ciia cac nha may nhiet dien la tro bay cung dang<br /> CO tru lupng dang ke va se cdn tang hon nua khi nhieu<br /> nha may nhiet dien ra ddi trong tuong lai. Ben canh<br /> do, Chfnh phu dang khuyen khi'ch sir dung cac loai vat<br /> lieu khong nung de giam thieu d nhiem mdi trudng va<br /> bao ve ngudn tai nguyen dat ndng nghiep. Do dd,<br /> nghien ciru ve mpt loai vat lieu khdng nung dupc san Hinh 2: Tro bay<br /> xuat tu biin do va tro bay nham giai quyet cac van de Td dac tinh cua bun do ia cd chda ham iuang oxit<br /> tren. nhdm va kiem cao, con tro bay thi cd nhiiu exit nhom<br /> 1.1 Bun do va oxit sIlic vd dmh hinh nen chung tdi chgn hudng<br /> Biin dd la chat thai khdng hda tan sau qua trinh geopolymer hda hai loai vat lieu nay nhim tao ra mpt<br /> hda tach vdi NaOH d nhiet dp va ap suit thi'ch hpp loai vat lieu ddng rin ma khdng cin nung de lam gach<br /> ciia quy trinh Bayer san xuit bdt nhdm. Day la hdn xay dung nha nhim thay thi mot phin gach dit set<br /> hpp cua cac hpp chat cd trong bauxite va cac hpp nung. Dac biet, loai gach xay nay vi da tan dung ducfc<br /> chat dupc tao thanh trong qua trinh Bayer. cac loai vat lieu phi thai tai dia phuang nen rit thich<br /> Trong chat thai bCjn do, ham lupng cac chat ran cd hgp vdi nhu ciu xay dung nha dcho ngudi dan co thu<br /> tu 10 d i n 30%, pH khoang 13 va luc hut ion cao. Day nhap thap d Tay Nguyen.<br /> cOng la mpt loai vat lieu kha min, 90% hat cd kfch 2. Qua trinh ddng r i n geopolymer cua vat lieu<br /> thudc dudi 75|im, b l mat rieng Idn khoang lOmVg). td'ng hdp tu" tro bay - bun do:<br /> Geopolymer la loai vat lieu silico-aluminate ba<br /> chieu cd cau true tU vd djnh hinh tdi ban tinh the, cau<br /> tao bao gdm cac chudi tU dien silic va nhdm lien ket<br /> vdi nhau bang cac nguyen tir oxi.<br /> <br /> (a)<br /> Pc-,9<br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 1: Bun do d nha may hoa chat Tan Binh dang long va dang bot Jn—p-w psiC' x>^\ / < ! jy^<br /> t HjO<br /> HjO HzO : OH<br /> 1.2 Tro bay H j O . , ^*2d HjO ' H a dJ OH •<br /> • HjO<br /> ^iV^H^"^"<br /> Tro bay la chit thai tU viec ddt than cam trong Id<br /> hai ddt than ciia nha may nhiet dien dung than da d<br /> t ' p , + PPp cong nghe thi cong dap be tong trong Wc cl Viet Nam, Luan an TSKT.<br /> lupng rieng ciia xi mang va phu gia khoang. Khi ti le 5. TCXDVN 395:2001, Phu gia khoang cho be tong dim lan.<br /> 6. ACI211 .r-91 (1997) Standard practice for selecting proportion<br /> phu gia khoang theo the' tfch va theo khoi lupng bang<br /> for normal, heavyweight and mass concrete.<br /> nhau, thi thuc te lupng phu gia khoang se nhieu hon 7. TCVN 2682:1992 Xi mang pooclang - Yeu ciu ky thuat<br /> trong trudng hpp dCjng ti le theo khdi luong. 8. TCVN 4033:1995 Xi mang podclang puzdian - Yeu clu ky thuat<br /> - Tdm lai khi pha PGK vao xi mang dung ti Id PGK 9. TCVN 4316:1986 Xi mang podclang xi hat Id cao - Yeu cau ky thuat<br /> theo khdi lupng ciia xi mang hdn hpp. Khi pha PGK 10. ASTM C595-002' Standard specification for blended<br /> vao be tdng de tang ham lupng hat mjn, ti Id PGK dupc hydraulic cements<br /> tfnh theo khdi lupng ciia hdn hpp xi mang va PGK. Khi PROPORTION OF MINERAL ADMIXTURE USED IN CONCRETE<br /> pha PGK vao be tdng de thay t h i mpt phin xi mang, Summary: This article presents two type ol proportion ol mineral<br /> thi cd the dung ti le PGK theo khdi lupng ciia hdn hpp admixture used in concrete and blended cement: Proportion by weight an<br /> xi mang va PGK va cung cd the theo the tich tuyet d l i . proportion by volume (absolute)ol eementious material or blended cemen<br /> TUti le PGK theo the tich tuyet doi co the chuyen sang It also shows the cases lor rational use ol each type oi these proportions.<br /> <br /> <br /> NGUdl XAY DUNG SO THANG 12-2010<br />