The sat critical reading section 3

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5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 52 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 27. Mr. Ford never seems affected by joy or grief; 31. Durwood was born with no discernible musical similarly, his son has developed the same -------- talent; however, his -------- play very well. nature. a. misnomer a. passionate b. hasps b. tolerant c. progeny c. optimistic d. prosecutors d. adroit e. truants e. stoic 32. The nation’s new rulers tried very hard to -------- 28. Due to the -------- nature of Alice’s tears, she all former inﬂuences; for example, they -------- soon found herself in a pool of salty water. all ofﬁcials with any trace of inﬂuence over the a. copious people. b. conspicuous a. insinuate .. surmounted c. consolable b. purge .. ousted d. humane c. explicate .. castigated e. tenable d. debrief .. continued e. cover .. installed 29. Despite Doug’s -------- to the instruction man- 33. Children of the tribe were brought up with one ual, he found it impossible to properly assemble his desk. prime --------; namely to -------- their elders and a. complication ancestors. b. predicament a. policy .. polish c. instability b. errand .. cherish d. partition c. reward .. discourage e. ﬁdelity d. dictum .. venerate e. interest .. inculcate 30. Daphne always did what she was expected to do; 34. Chelsea forgot to mail her payment for the park- therefore, it was an -------- that she joined the circus when it came through town. ing ticket; thus, her -------- was late. a. obfuscation a. extrication b. anomaly b. palliation c. achievement c. remittance d. imposition d. precedent e. exhortation e. dichotomy 52
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 53 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 35. Troy was devastated that he lost the wrestling 38. Because he wanted to -------- his counting error, championship, yet he found some -------- in the Finn took the inventory all over again. fact that it was his best effort. a. rectify a. solace b. exacerbate b. attitude c. indemnify c. ambition d. undulate d. decimation e. masticate e. prevalence 39. Though Paul had been banned from all school 36. At the reunion, one -------- led to another; and functions, he sent Devon as his -------- to stir up the old friends ended up telling stories all night. trouble. a. meal a. posse b. allegory b. surrogate c. insurgency c. template d. anecdote d. genome e. bereavement e. missionary 37. As a teen, Jacob really despised doing his chores; 40. Professor Atkins refused to his point; in fact, he considered them a(n) -------- rather consequently most of his students misunder- than a natural part of daily life. stood what he had said. a. exoneration a. palliate b. reward b. capitulate c. amercement c. elucidate d. pretense d. conduct e. noxious e. elongate 53
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 54 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – mode of communication would prevent S entence Completion Answers understanding. 9. c. Although expresses the idea of contrast. Remember, if you don’t know a vocabulary word found Although James went to Miami to beneﬁt in these questions, look it up and learn it. from—most likely, the positive effects of the 1. b. The complete unit of this sentence sets up a warm weather—his health did not improve. relationship of contrast, signaled by the word Salubrious is the only answer the makes sense although. The correct word is tenacity, which in the context of the sentence. means the ability to stick to something. 10. b. The word therefore signals cause and effect. 2. d. The word likewise signals a comparison in this The only answer that sets up that relationship sentence. However, the word boor (an ill- is epitome and exempted. mannered person) is in a position of compari- 11. e. This sentence is a comparison, as you can tell son to the word you’re looking for. You have to by the use of the phrase for example. The cor- notice that a boor would not be admitted to rect answer choice is pallor. the salon (a sort of club for conversation), 12. a. A relationship of cause and effect here is sig- whereas the blank calls for a kind of person naled by the words lead to. The only word that who would be admitted. makes sense here is fastidious. 3. c. In other words is a phrase that indicates a 13. d. The word however indicates a contrasting rela- restatement, so you are looking for another tionship between the sentence units. Rancor is word for sophisticated. That word is urbane. the answer. 4. b. This is a cause and effect sentence. You have to 14. e. The use of as . . . as indicates a comparison. determine what kind of replies would result in However, you have to look for clues in the sec- a scathing newspaper review. Contumelious is ond unit of the sentence to tell you what kind the only word that ﬁts the bill. of comparison is being made. A cat burglar 5. a. This double blank sentence has a contrasting who was never caught would be both furtive relationship between its two main parts. The and larcenous. phrase that begins with as, the second unit, is 15. c. The phrase for instance indicates that an exam- the clue to both the ﬁrst blank (it indicates a ple of what was stated in the previous clause is restatement of the ﬁrst unit) and the second about to follow. Therefore, being allowed to blank. The word but indicates the contrast take clients to the most expensive restaurant in between the ﬁrst sentence unit and the third town to help close a deal is an example of carte unit. The only answer choice that ﬁts both blanche in this particular situation. blanks is a, consummate and garrulous. 16. b. Thus is a word that signals cause and effect. 6. e. The word but might seem to signal a contrast An impediment is an obstacle, so refusing to within this sentence, but when you see the admit impediments would lead to overcoming word similarly, you know that it is actually a obstacles. statement of comparison. 17. e. But is a word that sets up contrast, so the 7. c. Namely is the word that indicates a restatement reader has to determine what word would be in this sentence. A manufacturer can secure most opposite in meaning to someone who repeat business through planned obsolescence. was inconsolable after losing her job. 8. a. Was due to indicates cause and effect. A cryptic 54
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 55 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 18. c. Cause and effect in this sentence is set up by 22. d. Although is a word that signals a contrasting the word because. Her parents found it hard to relationship. Monetary benevolence is some- believe she seldom spoke in class, so the thing you might not expect from someone on answer is loquacious (talkative). a ﬁxed income and is, therefore, the correct 19. d. Though is a signal word for contrast. The word answer. 23. e. The word likewise signals a comparison. Banal to contrast with is complained. Look for the word that contrasts with a reason to complain is the word that is comparable to a poorly writ- about music. The answer is (barely) audible. ten gossip magazine. 20. b. The key words in the question are despite and 24. d. In other words indicates restatement. The sec- ond clause gives an example of what it means managed. Those two words together suggest a to be an aﬁcionado of baseball. breaking of expectations of failure (as opposed 25. b. The phrase as a result signals cause and effect. to managed). Think of the question as: Despite Protracted and pinnacle is the correct answer. (whatever), (whoever) managed to reach (some- 26. e. But indicates contrast. Mayor is a key word, thing). Now you know what happens in the sen- indicating a move toward an elected ofﬁce. tence: Despite (their -------- viewpoints), (the Electorate is the best choice. delegates) managed to reach (a --------). For the 27. e. The word similarly indicates comparison. This sentence to make sense, the word in the ﬁrst means that if Mr. Ford never seems affected blank needs to set up a conﬂict with the second by joy or grief, then his son doesn’t either. word. You wouldn’t expect delegates with dis- Stoic is the only word that makes sense in this parate viewpoints to be able to reach a consen- context. sus, so those two words work in the sentence. 28. a. Due to is a phrase that shows cause and effect. None of the other pairs works. 21. c. The signal word in this sentence is therefore, Only copious tears would lead to a pool of water. so it is a cause and effect sentence. The sec- 29. e. The word despite shows a contrast between the ond clause provides a bigger clue to the cor- two units of the sentence. Fidelity is the cor- rect answer than the ﬁrst clause does. If it is rect answer because it is the only word that “no surprise” that a “political discourse,” or sets up a contrast with the impossibility of the discussion at a party, escalated into a “full- assembly job. blown --------,” that means that whatever 30. b. This sentence is a little more complicated. happened was expected. What happened was Therefore sets up a cause and effect relation- most likely a ﬁght, since a discussion “esca- ship; but the two units of the sentence contrast lated into” something else. This means that with each other, as a girl who always did what the two siblings must have a quarrelsome she was supposed to would be unlikely to join nature, making choices c, d, and e possibili- the circus impulsively. The correct answer, ties and ruling out the others. But, because then, is anomaly. we now know that their quarrelsome nature 31. c. However signals a contrasting relationship led to a ﬁght, we can rule out choice d—a between the two sentence units. The only “full-blown reverie”—makes no sense, and answer that works when inserted in the blank choice e, as a “full-blown analysis” doesn’t is progeny, which means offspring. make sense in the given context either. 55
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 56 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 32. b. The phrase for example signals a comparative 37. e. In fact signals restatement or that an example relationship, so you are looking for words that will follow. If Jacob despised doing chores, it will express such a relationship in the sen- makes sense that he would consider them an tence. In this case, the best strategy is to plug amercement, or a punishment. 38. a. The word because signals cause and effect. An word pairs into the blanks. The words that ﬁt the bill are purge and ousted. error calls for a correction. The correct answer 33. d. Namely sets up a restatement. The sentence is rectify, meaning to correct. 39. b. Though signals a contrasting relationship. calls for a positive action word in the second blank, so you can eliminate three choices right Someone who has been banned cannot attend away. Then look for the better word for the ﬁrst and so would need to send someone in his blank. Dictum .. venerate is the correct choice. place. The correct answer is surrogate, mean- 34. c. Thus signals cause and effect. The correct ing substitute. 40. c. Cause and effect is indicated here by the word choice is remittance, which is another word for payment. consequently. A lack of explanation, or elucida- 35. a. The word yet indicates a contrasting relation- tion, would lead to misunderstanding. Conse- ship. Someone who is devastated might need quently, the correct answer is elucidate. solace. 36. d. The word and normally signals a complemen- tary relationship. In this sentence, however, the word therefore is implied after the and. This tells you that whatever goes in the blank leads to telling stories all night. The correct answer, then, is anecdote. 56
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 57 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – for the reading comprehension questions. Additionally, P art 2: Reading Is Critical learning to make sense of complex passages will make your college career even more successful. There are approximately 40 long-passage critical read- ing questions on the SAT. Each Critical Reading sec- Ready, Set, Read! tion contains at least one long passage, followed by If you are already skilled at quickly reading and under- questions about the passage. Passages are excerpted standing dense prose, good for you! If not, try this from writings in the ﬁelds of literature, humanities, approach. Feel free to adapt it and change it to suit your and social and natural sciences. There is no poetry. needs and temperament. There’s no one “right” way to Each passage is between 400 and 850 words in length, read. The right way to do all of these things is the way and there will be between 5 and 13 questions after that works for you; so as you practice, try variations on each one. the method to see what suits you. In one critical reading section of the exam, there Every reading comprehension passage has a short will be a set of two long passages. These two passages one- to three-sentence introduction. This introduc- will complement each other in some way. Most often, tion will provide you with some context for the passage they will present either supporting or opposing points as a whole, so read it ﬁrst. Occasionally, there will be a of view. Some of the questions about these passages will question that requires knowledge of this introduction, require that you be able to analyze similarities and dif- so read it carefully. ferences between the two passages. Now you may want to skim the passage for its Many of the reading comprehension questions subject matter. With practice, you will ﬁnd that topic are vocabulary-related. You can think of them as a vari- sentences and key adjectives will practically leap out ation on sentence completion questions, asking you and grab your attention. Be sure to keep your pencil to determine the meaning of a word or phrase in con- poised to write as you read. You will want to mark key text. Sometimes, the test-makers ask about fairly com- words and phrases as you see them. mon words that have multiple uses and ask you to Next, read the passage all the way through. As you choose the correct meaning or shade of meaning. Most ﬁnish each paragraph, determine its main idea. Then, often, the answer will be a more obscure meaning of the jot a word or phrase that expresses that idea in the commonly used word. margin of your test booklet. This is a note to yourself, Other reading comprehension questions test your which will enable you to easily ﬁnd sections of the pas- ability to understand what you read. SAT passages are sage later and quickly tie the separate paragraphs into usually complex, densely packed with ideas; and many a coherent whole. are somewhat overwhelming at ﬁrst glance. You will be As you read the passage, mark any words or asked to extract information that may be stated explic- phrases that seem particularly important or expres- itly or implied. In other words, a passage may contain sive. Often, adjectives that set a mood or tone will help arguments with underlying assumptions, which you you understand the author’s meaning, so underline will be asked to uncover. You will be asked about the them or jot them down in the margin. It’s also impor- logical ﬂow of the texts and about their consistency or tant to note the location of details that support the lack thereof. You may also have to answer questions author’s main point(s). about the tone of the passages as well as their overall Of course, you were paying attention in English theme or meaning. class when the teacher discussed topic sentences, so Fortunately, the skills you are learning for the you know that most well-written paragraphs have at sentence completion questions will also serve you well 57