Why Some Cities Are Growing and Others Shrinking

The ECE industry in California directly employs around 154,000 to 169,700 individuals caring for children. In licensed FCC homes there are 38,989 providers and 19,262 paid assistants (CCCRRN 2009 and Whitebook et al. 2006c), 2 and in licensed centers there are 44,600 teachers, 22,600 assistant teachers, and 6,900 directors (CCCRRN 2011). We estimate that between 24,100 and 39,800 Californians are employed in license-exempt FCC (authors’ analysis, see Appendix C). The vast majority of ECE workers are female. The highest paid center-based teachers with at least a BA earn on average $34,382 (CCCRRN 2011), which is around $16,000 less than the average California kinder- garten teacher (Whitebook et al....