TRAO OOI T H O N G TIN<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Biogas giai phap tiet kiem<br />
nang lu^pg va giam 6 nhiem moi trirdng<br />
CHO NONG THON MIEN NUI<br />
PH/WI XUAN LAN - P.Giam ade Tnmg tim TT&CGCN m<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
K<br />
hai niem biogas: vuon tdi cac thi trudng trong va ngoai dyng thiet bj biogas da la mdt trong<br />
Biogas hay khi sinh hgc la hdn nudc. Su phat then da dang cac loai hinh nhifng giai phap cd hieu qua nhat hien<br />
hgp khi methane (CH4) va mdt kinh te da tao ngudn lyc thuc day kinh te - nay de xuf ly ngudn gay 6 nhiem tu cac<br />
sd khi khac phat sinh tir su phan huy cac xa hdi, trong ndng thdn xuat hien ngay vat chat huu co.<br />
vat chat hifu co. Methane eung la mgt cang nhieu cac md hinh chuyen hda nhu: TU nam 2000 den 2010, thdng qua<br />
khi tao ra hieu img nha kinh Idn han khi cac trang trai san xuat, chan nudi qui md nhieu chuang trinh, du an, cae nganh<br />
carbonic (CO2) gap 21 lan. Idn, cac hgp tac xa, doanh nghiep, lang nhu Ndng nghiep va phat trien nong<br />
Thanh phan chinh cCia Biogas la nghe,... Sau thdi gian dai tap trung cho thdn, VACVINA va cac nha khoa hgc da<br />
CH4 (50- 60%) va CO2 (30%) cdn lai la phat trien kinh te, lugng chat thai tu cae trien khai hang tram nghin md hinh ung<br />
cac chat khac nhu hai nude, N2, O2. khu san xuat ngay cang phat thai nhieu dyng thiet bi biogas d cac dja phuang<br />
H2S, CO... dugc thuy phan trong mdi han anh hudng xau tdi mdi trudng sinh trong ca nudc. Trong giai doan nay dy an<br />
trudng yem khi, xuc tac nhd nhiet do tu thai. Dac biet la chat thai tu cac khu chan cd qui md Idn nhat da dugc thue hien la<br />
20 - 400c. Nhiet tri cua CH4 la 1012 nudi qui md cdng nghiep, khu giet md, khu "Chuang trinh Khi sinh hgc cho Nganh<br />
Btu/ft3 (37,71.lO^KJ/m^) do dd cd the che bien nong san, lam san,... d nhiem mdi Chan nudi Viet Nam 2007 - 2011" do<br />
SU dyng biogas lam nhien lieu cho dgng trudng do cac hoat dgng kinh te nay ngay Cyc Chan nudi, thudc Bg NN & PTNT va<br />
eg ddt trong. Oe suf dung biogas lam cang tac dgng manh tdi moi trudng sdng Td chuc hgp tac phat then Ha Lan (SNV)<br />
nhien lieu thi phai xu ly biogas trudc khi cCia ngudi dan dia phuang nhu: d nhiem thue hien. Du an dugc chia lam 2 giai<br />
su dyng tao nen hdn hgp nd vdi khong bau khong khi, d nhiem ngudn nude mat, doan chinh: Giai doan I (2003 - 2006)<br />
khi. Khi H2S cd the an mdn cac chi tiet nudc ngam, rung bi khai thac kiet que, rudi trien khai thi diem tai mgt sd tinh, thanh<br />
trong dgng ca, san pham cua nd la SO^^ nhang phat trien, djch, benh... phd; Giai doan II (2007 - 2011): trien<br />
ciing la mgt khi rat dgc. Hoi nudc cd ham Trude tinh trang bj d nhiem nang khai rdng tren toan qudc. Theo tinh toan,<br />
lugng nhd nhung anh hudng dang ke trong mdi trudng ndng thdn, nhieu giai du an cung elp ngudn nang lugng sach<br />
den nhiet do nggn lua, gidi han chay, phap cai thien mdi trudng da dugc ap tuang duang 2 800 TJ/nam. Ngudn nang<br />
nhiet tri thap va ty le khdng khi/nhien lieu dyng cd hieu qua, trong dd giai phap su lugng nay cd the thay the 245.000 tan<br />
eua Biogas. Anh: ST<br />
Trong ty nhien khi sinh hgc dugc tao<br />
thanh tu qua trinh phan huy xac dgng<br />
vat, thuc vat, cac san pham cd ngudn<br />
gdc huu CO trong dieu kien len men yem<br />
khi. Qua trinh nay thudng dien ra trong<br />
cac ao, hd, vung dim lly, Idng khe,<br />
sdng, sudi noi bdi tu va tang dat canh tac<br />
lua nude.<br />
6 nhiem mdi tradng ndng thdn va ket<br />
qua dng dung biogas:<br />
Tu nhifng nam 1990 trd lai day, nen<br />
kinh te nudc ta da ed nhung budc dot pha<br />
phat trien, cung vdi nhUng vimg trgng diem<br />
kinh te, cac thanh pho Idn va dd thj, ndng<br />
thdn mien niii da cd nhiing khdi sac trong<br />
cdng cudc xda ddi, giam ngheo. Tu nen<br />
kinh te thuan nong ty cap, tu tiic, da cd<br />
hudng chuyen sang san xuat hang hda,<br />
<br />
<br />
26 Ban tin Khoa hoc va Cong nghe - So 3 nam 2010<br />
TRAO DOI THONG TIN<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
phe thai ndng nghiep dung trong dun<br />
nau, 326.000 tan cui, 36 000 tan than td<br />
ong; 6.593 tan dau hoa, 39.405 MWh va<br />
4.677 tan khi hoa long. Theo thdi gia<br />
thang 11/2007, tien nhien lieu tiet kiem<br />
dugc cho viec dun nau va thap sang cua<br />
140.000 cdng trinh khi sinh hgc la 591,6<br />
ty ddng/nam.<br />
* * » , * •<br />
w^y-^M<br />
Thdng qua viec sii dyng cdng nghe<br />
khi sinh hgc da gdp phan phat trien ndng<br />
thon, xu ly chat thai chan nudi, eung cap<br />
nang lugng sach va re tien eho ba con<br />
nong dan, gdp phIn bao ve sue khde<br />
cong ddng, tao them cdng an viec lam d<br />
ndng thdn va giam thieu su dung nguyen<br />
lieu hoa thach, giam hien tugng pha rung<br />
va giam phat thai khi nha kinh.<br />
Viec phat trien khi sinh hgc dugc coi<br />
nhu mgt ngudn nang lugng hieu qua<br />
trong sinh hoat eung cap cho khu vuc<br />
nong thdn va mien nui. Cdng nghe khi<br />
sinh hgc ed the giup quan ly phan Anh: ST<br />
chudng, xu ly chat thai ddng thdi san<br />
xuat ra ngudn nang lugng tai tao tu qua<br />
trinh xu ly chat thai. Ngoai ra, ba thai khi loai thiet bj truyen thdng lugng khi xa<br />
Trong dieu kien cua tinh Ha Giang<br />
sinh hgc khi su dyng dimg each se la loai nen su dyng mgt sd mau thie't ke la:tang hgn 500 m^. Vd trong than be dugc<br />
"phan huu co" sach va giau dinh dudng (1) Mau thie't ke cdng trinh khi sinh<br />
trang mgt ldp chdng bam dinh, tang<br />
hgc nhd - Tieu chuan nganh (10 TCN them thdi gian lam viec cua be khi, trong<br />
giiip nang eao nang suit, chat lugng rau,<br />
492-=-499 - 2002),' duge ban hanh theo<br />
dieu kien dn djnh, be khi ed the boat<br />
qua va cai tao dat, kiem soat sau benh.<br />
quyet djnh sd 21/2002/QD/BNN ngay 21dgng lien tyc 10 nam khdng phai md<br />
Mgt sd mau thiet ke biogas cd tinh<br />
thang 3 nam 2002 cua Bg Ndng nghiep n i p kiem tra, tu sua.<br />
au viet ndi trdi nen ap dung d dia ban<br />
va Phat trien ndng thdn. Odi vdi mau (1) va (2): la cac m l u<br />
tinh Ha Giang:<br />
(2) M l u thiet ke thiet bj khi sinh hgc<br />
thiet bj da dugc tieu chuan cap nganh va<br />
Cimg vdi viec then khai cac mo hinh<br />
KT-1 va KT-2: Day la nhung mau ban da dugc Cfng dyng rdng, cd hieu qua tren<br />
Ung dyng thiet bj biogas, cac mau thiet<br />
ve kha thuan tien cho viec thi edng xay<br />
dja ban tinh Ha Giang va tren toan qudc.<br />
ke thiet bj biogas eung dugc suu tam d dyng, cac ban ve cy the hda tuong ung Mlu (3): day la thiet bj da dugc ung<br />
nhieu noi tren the gidi nhu d cac nudc vdi cae ed ed the tich phan huy tir 4m'^<br />
dung tai dja ban huyen Ble Me nam<br />
Chau Au, Trung Qudc va da dugc cai tdi 16m3. Cac thiet bj nay cd uu diem:<br />
2009, den nay eac hg gia dinh van su<br />
tien nhieu ve hinh dang, kich thudc, tiet kiem nguyen vat lieu nen gia thanh<br />
dyng tdt. Trao ddi vdi tien sT Nguyen Van<br />
nang cao hieu suit tao khi sinh hgc, ha; Ket cau thuan tien khi van hanh; Ky<br />
Bao - Giam ddc Sd NN&PTNT ve md<br />
nham hoan thien, phu hgp vdi dieu kien thuat xay dung don gian. hinh nay, dng cho biet: day la thiet bj da<br />
va nguyen lieu cd san cua tung dja<br />
(3) San pham be khi biogas Lam duge cai tien kha phu hgp vdi ndng thdn<br />
phuong.<br />
Anh: day la san pham cua cdng ty vung niii, hieu suit tao khi sinh hgc cao.<br />
Hien nay ed tdi hang tram m l u thie't TNHH be khi Lam Anh Chau Van Son - Ngudn nguyen lieu sCr dung dugc ca vdi<br />
ke thiet bi biogas, nhin chung ve tdng the Trung Qudc. Ket cau cua be hinh cau, cd, rac huu co, phu hgp vdi qui md chan<br />
cin dap ung 3 phan chinh: dugc nha may san xuat tach rdi tung bg nudi d vung nui. Thiet bj cd ket cau hgp<br />
- PhIn be nap phan, van chuyen thuan tien, lap rap de ly tu 20 manh vat lieu nhe, ben vung de<br />
- Phan be phan huy dang ddn gian. Nguyen lieu san xuat khi dang khi van chuyen va thuan tien trong<br />
- Phan be dieu ap. cd the thu thap tu ngoai ddng nhu: cac thi cdng.<br />
Ngoai ra tuy theo myc dich sir dyng loai rac huu co, cd, ram ra... Be cd chuc Vdi eac tinh nang ndi trdi cua thiet bj<br />
khi ga: dimg chay ddng ca ddt trong, hay nang tu dgng thai ba, va ed van an toan biogas, neu dugc phd bie'n ung dyng<br />
dimg de dun nau... cac nha san xuat se ngan chan tai nan phat sinh. Hieu suit rdng rai trong toan tinh, se la mgt trong<br />
cd eac thiet bi bd sung de Igc, tao hon xa khi cua thiet bj kha cao: mgt be khi nhung giai phap huu hieu de gdp phIn<br />
hgp nhien lieu ddt cd hieu qua lam viec biogas cd the tich 8m-^ mgt nam cd the xay dung vung Ndng thon eua Tinh theo<br />
cao nhat. xa lugng khi khoang 1000 m^, so vdi eac tieu chuan "Nong thon mdi"./.<br />
<br />
<br />
B a n tin K h o a hpc va C o n g n g h e - So 3 n a m 2010 27<br />
Thêm vào BST
Báo xấu
Download
Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ
