các khái niệm cơ bản về kinh tế: phần 2

PART II MACRO AND<br /> INTERNATIONAL<br /> CONOMICS - KINH TẾ VĨ<br /> MÔ VÀ KINH TẾ QUỐC<br /> TẾ<br /> 34. Measures of Economic<br /> Performance: There is More Than<br /> Meets The Eye!<br /> Viet Nam's GDP growth rate is expected<br /> to be about 7% this year. Gross<br /> domestic product is the annual market<br /> value of all final goods and services<br /> produced in the economy. The figure of<br /> <br /> 7% refers to growth in inflationadjusted* or real GDP. GDP per capita<br /> is very closely related to average annual<br /> income. While GDP is a good overall<br /> measure of the economy's performance,<br /> two important sets of caveats need to be<br /> kept in mind.<br /> First, a positive GDP growth does not<br /> mean that all sectors of the economy<br /> grow equally; some sectors may in fact<br /> be declining. Different regions of the<br /> country could be growing at different<br /> rates. The incomes of certain groups<br /> <br /> could be growing faster than 7%, while<br /> some incomes may be stagnant. Also,<br /> GDP calculations do not take into<br /> account the "bads" that are produced in<br /> conjunction with goods, such as<br /> increased<br /> pollution<br /> and<br /> traffic<br /> congestion.<br /> Second, GDP is not the only measure of<br /> macroeconomic performance. Inflation<br /> and unemployment rates** are other<br /> major indicators. These indicators are<br /> interrelated: an improvement in one<br /> measure may be accompanied by a<br /> <br /> deterioration in another. For example,<br /> China in the 90's experienced an<br /> acceleration in GDP growth but higher<br /> inflation as well.<br /> Some macroeconomic indicators in<br /> Vietnam have improved substantially in<br /> recent years. Vietnam was one of the<br /> fastest growing economies in the 90's. It<br /> also saw a dramatic decline in inflation<br /> (see chart).<br /> A critical question for Vietnam is<br /> whether these levels of performance are<br /> sustainable given the evolution of<br /> <br /> domestic policy and world events.<br /> Average annual rates of real GDP<br /> growth and inflation<br /> <br /> * Inflation:is the annual percentage<br /> change in the level of prices.<br /> <br />