Cẩm nang hướng dẫn ôn luyện thi Đại học - Rèn luyện giải nhanh các đề thi ba miền Bắc - Trung - Nam Hóa học: Phần 2

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Nối tiếp nội dung phần 1 tài liệu Cẩm nang ôn luyện thi Đại học - Rèn luyện giải nhanh các đề thi ba miền Bắc - Trung - Nam Hóa học, phần 2 giới thiệu tới người đọc 13 bộ đề thi thử Đại học và hướng dẫn giải chi tiết từ các trường THPT chuyên trên cả nước. Mời các bạn tham khảo.

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Nội dung Text: Cẩm nang hướng dẫn ôn luyện thi Đại học - Rèn luyện giải nhanh các đề thi ba miền Bắc - Trung - Nam Hóa học: Phần 2

dm nang On luyQn thi BH 3 mign B&c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hpc - Cti Thanh Toan Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vi^t PTHH cac phan ting: rftuj.-' Cac PTHH cac phan umg xay ra: HCOOH + NaHCOj HCOONa + CO2 t +H2O " ' HCOOCH(CH3)2 + NaOH HCOONa + (CH3)2CHOH (X) (Y) (Z) ' • .V C H 3 C O O H + NaHC03 CH^COONa + CO2 T +H2O •I HCOOH + Ag20 ^"^ > 2Ag i +CO2 t +H2O "^^'^^^ ' ' ' (CH3 )2 CHOH + CuO )CH3 - CO - CH3 + Cu + H2O i . 1 (Z) (Z,) CH3CHO + A g 2 0 — ^ ^ ^ ^ 2 A g i + C H 3 C O O H Dap an dung la B. '' C^u 29: San ph^m cua phan ung giua mantoza va CH30H(xt HCl) khong the Cau 25: Theo bai ra: n^^^^o^(0^^2)3 = 297/297 - 1 (kmol) , , tham gia phan iJng trang guong vi khong con nhom OH hemiaxetal ndn khdng CO kha nang ma vong tao nhom chiic andehit. C6H702(OH)3+3HN03^C6Hv02(ON02)3+3H20 " ' >m Vay phat bieu A khong chinh xac. Dap an diing la A. f-^;, qy,,: . 1 ^ 3 X la axit cacboxylic hoac este (kh6ng phai este ciia axit fomic). ''1' ' C6H7O2 (OH)^ ;C6H702 (ONO2)3 (bo he s6' n). Cac CTCr ciia X: cau 26: Cac PTHH cac phan ung xay ra: 1) C H 3 C H 2 C O O H ; 2) CH3COOCH3 (C6 2CTCr) (1) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CHjCOONa + C 2 H , 0 H Dap an diing la D. (2) CH2 = C H C O O C H 3 + NaOH -> CH2 = CHCOONa + CH3OH •Al cm;,'• (3) C^HjCOOCH = CH2 + NaOH -> C^HjCOONa + CH3CHO (4) CH2 = C(CH3)OCOCH3 + NaOH -> CH3C00Na + CH3COCH3 (5) C6H5OCOCH3 + 2NaOH -> CH3COONa + C^H^ONa + H2O ^ (6) C H 3 C O O C H 2 C 6 H , + NaOH ^ CH3C00Na + C6H3CH2OH => Cac trucmg hap kh6ng thu duoc ancol la (3), (4), (5). Dap an dung la B. Cau 27: To visco duac tao thanh tir xenluloza: Xenluloza ^CS2.NaOH ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ddH2S04l ^ j^^i^^^ Dap an diing la C. ^ Cau 28: So do: .?.rv'v-rjomu EsteX (C4H8O2) + NaOH mu6'i Y + ancol Z Z + CuO ——> Z, + Cu + H2O Z, + AgN03 /NH3 -> Khdng xay ra •4% => Z| la xeton Z la ancol bac hai => X la HCOOCH(CH3)2 : isopropyl fomat Dap an dung la C.
dm nang fln luy$n thi DH 3 mjgn B^c - Trung - Nam mfln H6a hgc - Cii Thanh Toan Cty TMHH MTV DWH Khang Vi^t BO D £ THI SO 7 C^O 9: ^'^ phenol trung ngung v6\5 mol HCHO (xiic tac H ^ t°), thi thu duge bao nhieu gam poli(phenol-fomandehit) co ca'u true maeh khOng pha M 6 N HOA HOC K H O I A, B nhanh? Bid't h\tu sua't phan ling la 100%. (Trich de thi thu Idn 2- Tru&ng THPT Chuyen Le Hong Phong ) A. 15,9 gam B. 21,2 gam C. 26,5 gam D. 10,6 gam Cau 1: Thirc hien phan urng ete hoa h6n hop g6m 2 ancol don chiifc thu dirge h6ii horp cac ete. La'y mOt trong s6' cac ete do dem dO't chay hoan toan thu duoc CO, 10: X la a-amino axit chiia 1 nhom -COOH. Cho 10,3 gam X tac dung het vol va HjO CO so' mol bang nhau va deu ga'p 4 ISn s6' mol ete da dot chay. C I FT cu;, 200ml dung djch HCl 1,5M thu duge dung djch Y. De phan ung het vdi cae chat 2 ancol la. . trong Y thi cSn dung vCra dij 400 ml dung djch NaOH I M . CTCT diing cua X la: A. C H 3 O H va C 2 H ^ O H B. C H 3 O H va CjH^OH A. C H 3 - C H 2 - C H ( N H 2 ) - COOH ' " • C. C 2 H 3 O H va C 3 H 7 O H D. C 2 H S O H va C 3 H 5 O H B. C H 3 - C H ( N H 2 ) - C H 2 - COOH Cau 2: Mot hop chat huii co X c 6 c6ng thvJc phan tu CHjO.N. La'y 0,2 mol X tac C CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH . dung vd'i dung djch co chtra 0,25 mol NaOH va dun nong, thu dugc chat khi lam D. C H 3 - C H ( N H 2 ) - COOH 'Hm^m ! . xanh quy tim dm va dung dich Y. Co can dung djch Y thu dirge m gam chat rin cau 11: DCing thudc thir duy nha't nao sau day &i phan biat cac dung djch: khan. Tri so' cua m la: mantozo, C 2 H 3 O H , C2H5(OH)3,CH3COOH,HCOOCH3 va long trang triing? A. 13,6 B. 15,6 C. 14,6 D. 19,2 A. Phenolphtalein B. Na ,^ ^ ^ Cau 3: Cho cac polime: cao su buna; polistiren; amilozo; amilojjectin; xenlulozo; to capron; nhira bakelit. So' polime co ca'u true maeh khOng phan nhanh la: C. Cu(0H)2 low D. Quy tim , A. 6 , B.4 C. 7 D. 5 Cau 12: Phat bieu khong diing la: Cau 4: Oxi hoa 4 gam mot ancol don chuc X bang O2 (co mat xiic tac Cu) thu dugt A. Hgp chat H 2 N - C H 2 - C O O H 3 N - C H 3 la este cua glyxin ^ »(>i. 5,6 gam h6n hop Y gom andehit, ancol va nu6c. N6'u cho toan b6 h6n hgp Y B. Amino axit la nhOng chat rdn, ket tinh, tan t6't trong nu6c va co vi ngot. tac dung vdi lugng du dung dich AgNO^/NH,, dun nong thi khd'i lugng Ag thu C. Trong dung djch, H 2 N - C H 2 - COOH con t6n tai 0 dang ion ludng cue duge la: A. 10,8 gam B. 21,6 gam C. 32,4 gam D. 43,2 gam H3N^-CH2-COO". Cau 5: Hay xac djnh co bao nhieu loai to co nguon goc tir xenlulozo trong so cac D. Amino axit la hgp cha't huu co tap chiie, phan tiJr ehiia d6ng thori nhom amino loai to sau: to tam; to viseo; to axetat; to nilon-6,6. va nhom cacboxyl. A. 2 B.4 C. 3 D. 1 Cau 13: Chat hiru co X don chu-c co c6ng thiic phan tir la C 3 H 6 O 2 . X tac dung vdi Cau 6: S6' dong phan amin bae 2 ciia C4H,|N la NaOH dun nong thu duge mud'i Y co phan tir kh6'i nho hon phan tu kh6'i ciia X. A. 6 B. 8 C.9 D. 3 Ten ggi diing ciia X la: Cau 7: Thuy phan hoan toan h6n hgp X g6m 2 este don chiJc A, B cdn dung vira du A. Axit propionic B. Metyl fomat C. Metyl axetat D. Etyl fomat 100 ml dung dich NaOH I M thu duge 6,8 gam muO'i duy nha't va 4,04 gam h6n Cau 14: Thuy phan hoan toan m6t pentapeptit X maeh ho thu duge cac amino axit hgp 2 ancol la d6ng dang lien tia'p nhau. C 6 n g thiic ca'u tao ciia 2 este la: A, B, C, D, E. Khi thuy phan khong hoan toan peptit X thi thu duge cac peptit A. C 2 H , - C O O C H 3 va C 2 H 3 -COOC2H5 ED, AE, CB va EDC. Peptit X phai co thii tu cac amino axit thanh phSn la: B. C H 3 - C O O C H 3 va CH3-COOC2H, A. CBAED B. AEDCB C. EDCAB D. CDEAB C. H - C O O C 2 H , va H - C O O C 3 H 7 15: Chon phat bieu khong chinh xac: , - A. Tinh b6t bj thuy phan hoan toan trong m6i tru6ng axit va dun nong thi thu D. H - C O O C H 3 va H-COOC2H5. duge san ph^m cu6'i cung la glucozo. i ., Cau 8: Etanol la chat trung gian de san xua't cao su nhan tao, to t6ng hgp,... la chfl' B- Depolime hoa polistiren trong didu kien thi'ch hgp thu duge stiren. thay the cho cac nhien lieu co nguon gde hoa thach. Co th^ di^u chd'etanol baiit^ C. Thiiy phan poli(vinyl axetat) trong m6i trucmg ki6m san phdm thu duge la each lan men cac nguydn li6u eo ehufa tinh b6t. Ti'nh lugng ngu cd'c chiia 65'/' poli(vinyl ancol) va muoi axetat. f > •P'S i * . tinh bgt de san xua't duge 2,3 ta'n etanol. Biet hao hut trong qua trinh san xua't 25%. C>- Xenlulozo bj thiiy phan hoan toan trong mdi trucmg axit va dun nong thi thu A. 8,3 ta'n '*B. 1,013 ta'n C. 5,4 ta'n D. 1,56 X&n duge san phdm cu6'i cung la fruetozo.
C^m nang On luyen thi DH 3 mign Bic - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hqc - Cu Thanh Toan Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t Cau 16: Phan ting nao gSy ra sir phan cat mach polime? ^^U 26: Di dieu che' 100 gam thuy tinh hOu co thi cSn bao nhifiu gam ancol metylic A. Cao su isopren tac dung vdi HCl. B. Poll (vinyl clorua) tac dung v6i Cl-,. va bao nhieu gam axit metacrylic, biet hieu sua't qua trinh phan utig dat 80%. C. Thuy phan to capron D. Thiiy phan poli(vinyl axetat). A. Axit 68,8 gam; ancol 25,6 gam B. Axit 107,5 gam; ancol 40 gam Cau 17: Cho 100ml dung dich ancol etylic 57,5° (bid't khO'i lugng ridng ciia ancol C. Axit 107,5 gam; ancol 32 gam D. Axit 86,0 gam; ancol 32 gam. nguySn chat la 0,8 g/ml va cua nu6c la 1,0 g/ml) tac dung v6i Na dir, sau phan Q^a 27: H6n hop X g6m 0,25 mol hai andehit d6ng dang ke' tie'p nhau tac dung vdi ling thu duoc V lit khi (dktc). Gia trj ciia V la: luong du AgNOV ddNH,, dun nong. Sau khi phan ihig xay ra hoan toan, thu A. 25,432 lit B. 37,632 lit C. 11,200 lit D. 75,264 lit duoc 67,5 gam Ag. PMn tram so' mol ciia hai andehit trong h6n hop X la: Cau 18: Cho cac hoa cMt sau: (1) AgNOj/ddNH,, t°; (2) H , (Ni, t*^; (3) phenol ( H \ A.50%va50% B. 25%va75% C. 35% va 65% D. 30% va 70% (4) CuCOH):/ NaOH, t"; (5) Na; (6) dung dich Br,; (7) CH3COOH. Hay cho biet cau 28: Day gdm cac chat d^u co the' tao true tie'p duoc ancol etylic la: andehit fomic tac dung vdi chat nao trong so' cac hoa chat tren? A. (1); (2); (4); (5); (6) B. (1); (2); (3); (4); (5); (6) A. CH3CH2Cl,CH3COOC2H„C6H,206 (glucozo), C2H4 . C. (1); (2); (3); (4); (5); (6); (7) D. ( I ) ; (2); (3); (4); (6) B. CH3CH2Cl,CH,COOC2H„C6H,206 (glucozo), C2H2 4,mm t>h r Cau 19: M6t a-amino axit X (chi chiia m6t nhom -NH, va mot nhom -COOH). C. CH3CH2CI,CH3COOC2H5,C6H,206 (glucozo), C2H6 ' Cho 0,89 gam X phan urng vCra du v6i HCl tao ra 1,255 gam muO'i. C6ng thiic D. CH3CH2Cl,CH3COOC2H5,C6H,206 (glucozo), C H 4 . f ca'u tao ciia X la: cau 29: Dieu kien de' mot monome tham gia phan ting trung hop la: A. H2N - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH B. H2N - CH2 - COOH A. Co lien ket boi. • fHOrJiW: C. H2N - CH2 - CH2 - COOH D. CH2 - CH(NH2) - COOH B. Co lien ket bOi hoac vong kem b^n Cau 20: Cho cac dung dich khOng mau: HCOOH, H^N-CHrCOOH (glyxin), C. Co lien ket d6i, ba hoac vong 3, 4 canh ' ' ' ' HOOC-CH:-CH2-CH(NH.)COOH (axit glutamic), H2N-(CH2)4-CH(NH2)-COOH D. Co mot lien ket doi hoac vong kem b^n. ' J f I- (lysin). ThuO'c thir c6 th^ phan biet cac chat trdn bao g6m: A. Quy tim, dung dich NaOH. B. Quy tim, dung djch AgNOj/NHj du. cau 30: Thiiy phan hoan toan 10 gam mOt loai bOng thien nhien trong dung djch C. Quy tim, dung djch CUSO4. D. Dung dich HCl, dung djch Ba(OH)2. H,S04 loang va dun nong. Toan b6 luong glucozo tao thanh dem thirc hien phan Cau 21: H6n hop X gom axit axetic va ancol etylic. Cho 14,52 gam hOn hop X tac ihig trang guong thi thu duoc 12,96 gam Ag. Ham luong xenlulozo co trong loai dung vori Na du thu diroc 3,024 lit H , (dktc). Tie'p tuc cho H.SO4 dac vao h6n hop bdng thien nhien la: X va dun nong thi thu duoc 8,8 gam este. Hidu sua't ciia phan umg este hoa la: A. 97,2% B.95,4% C. 93,6% D. 98,1% A. 83,33% B. 75,00% C. 66,67% D. 80,00% Cau 22: De dot chay hoan toan 0,1 mol mOt axit cacboxylic don cMc thi c5n vira HUONG DAN GIAI dii V lit oxi (dktc), thu duoc 0,3 mol CO, va 0,2 mol nude. Gia trj ciia V la: Cau 1: Vi cac ancol don chiic => ete tao ra don chirc A. 0,86 B. 11,2 C.4,48 D. 6,72 E>6't chay ete tao ra so mol CO, bang s6' mol H.O. ' Cau 23: H6n hop X gom axit axetic v^ etyl axetat (ti le mol 1:1). D6't chay hoan => Ete dang C„H,„0 (don cMc) toan 0,1 mol X, sau do cho toan bo san ph^m chay vao binh dung 500ml dung C n H 2 „ 0 - ^ 2 2 _ , n C 0 2 + nH20 ' djch Ba(OH), 0,4M thu duoc ket tua Y va dung djch Z. Khi do khO'i luong dung l(mol) n(mol) djch Z so v6i khoi luong dung djch Ba(0H)2 se thay doi nhu the nao? A. Tang 13,2 gam B. Tang 25,1 gam ' Theo b^i ra z:> n = 4 (C4H8O;CH3 - O - CH2 - CH = CH2 ) C. Giam 1,1 gam D. Giam 10,95 gam Vay 2 ancol co th^ \k CH3OH va C3H5OH. * Cau 24: H6n hop g6m 0,02 mol etanol va 0,02 mol ancol no X tac dung he't v6i N^' sau phan utig thu duoc 0,672 lit khi or dktc va 3,76 gam muO'i natri. X la: E>ap an dung la B. ^ , A. propanl,2-diol B. etylen glicol C. metanol D. glixerol 2: X CO cac tinh chA: , Cau 25: Chat huu co X (chura C, H, O) don chiic, mach ho va c6 phan tir kh6'i la 60 CTPT: CH5O2N ' SO'CTCT ciia X thoa man dieu kien tren la: X + NaOH - ) . khf lam xanh quy ^m + dd Y A. 6 B. 3 C.4 D.5 ^ ==> X phai c6 ca'u tao: HCOONH4 ^'"^ '
Ca'm nang 6n luygn thi DH 3 mign B^c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hgc - Cii Thanh Toan Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang w PTHH: HCOONH4 + NaOH HCOONa + N H , t + H 2 O RCOOR + N a O H RCOONa + ROH Ban ddu: 0,2 0,25 0,1 0,1 -> O , l ( m o l ) Phaniing: 0,2 0,2 -> 0,2 Con: 0 0,05 0,2 ''J'' Suyra: M^cooNa = 6 , 8 / 0 , 1 = 6 8 ( H C O O N a ) "''Chat ran gom: H C O O N a ( 0 , 2 m o l ) ; N a O H ( 0 , 0 5 m o l ) '*' ' = 4 0 , l = ^ C H 3 O H va C 2 H , O H " ' V a y m =0,2.68 + 0,05.40 = 15,6(gam) il,;'' Vay 2 este la H C O O C H 3 HCOOC2H3 Dap an dung la B. Dap an diing la D. !V Cau 3: .,a'v¥l ; - Cac polime mach kh6ng phan nhanh: Cao su buna; polistiren; amilozo; cau 8: Ta c6 so do: . xenlulozo tcfcapron (5 chat). CeH.oO., — ^ ^ ^ C 6 H , 2 0 6 ^ = ^ 2 C 2 H , O H + 2CO2 - Polime mach phan nhanh: amilopectin .rlO^!'' 162 tan 92 ta'n - Polime mach khdng gian: nhira bakelit m ^ 1 . 2,3 ta'n i Dap an diing la D . 2,3.162 Cau 4: Dat ancol X la R C H ^ O H 'm = - = 4,05 (ta'n). 92 RCH . O H + - O , > R - CHO + H . O Vi ngu c6'c chi chiia 65% tinh b6t va H = 75% nen: - 2 4,05.100.100 Theo dinh luat bao toan khoi luong, ta c6: m ^ + = my m„ = = 8,3 (ta'n) 65.75 =:>4 + mo^ =5,6=>mQ2 = l , 6 g = > n Q 2 = 0 , 0 5 ( m o l ) Dap an dung la A Theo PTPIT: n„,d,hi, = 2.no = 0,1 ( m o l ) ; n„,„„, (phan ling) = n,„d,hi, = 0,1 (mol) Chui: (C6H,oO,)_^ +nH20-.nC6H,20 .'31 Jig ^ n„„„| (ban d^u) > 0,1 (mol) C6H,20, > 2 C 2 H 5 0 H + 2C02 => M,n^„, < 4 / 0,1 = 40 => ancol la CH3OH. Cau 9: So do phan irng: => andehit la H C H O . OH HCHO >4Ag + CH2O 0,1 -> 0,4 =>mAg =0,4.108 = 43,2(gam) Ban d^u: 0,3 0,25 Dap an dung la D . Phan ling: 0,25 0,25 Cau 5: Cac to c6 nguon g6c tir xenluloza: to visco, to axetat (2 to). Sau P/ir: 0,05 0 Dap an dung la A . Vay kh6'i luomg polime thu duoc: m = 0,25.106 = 26,5(gam) Cau 6: C T C T cac amin bac 2 CO CTPT C4H,|N la: Dap an diing la C. 1) C H 3 - N H - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3 Cau 10: Tlieobai ra: n^^^^ = 0,3(mol);nN^oH = 0 , 4 ( m o l ) 2) CH3-NH-CH(CH3)2 "x =nNaOH - I H C I = 0 , 4 - 0 , 3 = 0,1 (mol) 3) CH3 - CH2 - NH - CH2 - CH3 = > M x =10,3/0,1 = 103 Dap an diing la D . Vay CTCT c u a X : CH,-CH.-CH(NH2)-C00H Cau 7: Theo bai ra: np^^oH ~ 0,1 ( m o l ) (a -aminoaxit) Dat c6ng thiic 2 este la RCOOR £5ap an diing la A
Cin\g On luy^n thi DH 3 mign B^c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hpc - Cii Thanh ToAn Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t Cku 11: Chon thud'c thix la CuCOH)^ / O H " . A E D C B + H2O -> A E+ D C B A E D C B + 2H2O A + E D C + B Pap an diing la B . CaU 15: Xet cac phuang an: Cu(OH),/OH- H+,tO tiC>^B:,.•I - Oh )'!• A . Dung: (C^H.oOs)^^ + n H 2 0 - ^nC6H,206 tinh hot glucoza • V OH'./i; ! I dd t i m dd xanh lam kh6ng ht dd xanh nhat B. Dung: [-CH2 - C H ( C 6 H , ) - - ^ n C 6 H 5 - C H = CH2 Long t r l n g Mantozo; CHsOH; CH,COOH polistiren stiren trirng C,H,(OH)3 HCOOCH, C. Dung: Cu(OH)2/OH-,t'' Cu(OH),/OH -CH2 - C H ( O O C C H , ) + nNaOH - > [-CH2 - C H ( O H ) -]\a poli (vinyl axetat) poli (vinyl ancol) + .0 D. Khdng chinh xac: (CgHioOj)^^ + n H j O •>nC6H,206 ^g) CO i ihdng i khong i CO 4- xenluloza glucoza , HCOOCH, Dap an dung la D . / • . Mantozof C,H5(OH)3 C,H,OH Cau 16: Xet cac phuang an: ; L ; , Dap an dung la C C a u 12: Xet cac phuang an: A. [ - C H 2 - C ( C H 3 ) = C H - C H 2 ] _ ^ +nHa ^ . [ - C H 2 - C a ( C H 3 ) - C H 2 - C H 2 - A. Khdng dung vi hop cha^t H 2 N - C H 2 -COOH3N-CH3 la mu6'i cua glyxin cao su isopren polime ' 5« vdi metylamin. B. [ - C H 2 - C H C l -I + nCl2 [-CHC1 - C H C l + nHCl ;, B. Diing: amino axit la mu6'i n6i phan ttr poli (vinyl clorua) polime I C. Dung: H ^ N - C H , - C O O H ^ H3N+ - C H , - C O O " C. [ - H N - ( C H 2 ) , - CO + n H 2 0 ^ n H 2 N - ( C H 2 )^ - C O O H ' D. Dung: (H2N),R(COOH)b hap cha't tap chirc. tacapron monome Dap an dung la A . D. [ - C H 2 - C H ( 0 0 C C H 3 ) - ] „ + nNaOH - > [ - C H 2 - C H ( O H ) + nCH3C00Na c a u 13: Sa 66: X (CjHeO,, don chirc) + N a O H - > mud'i Y + . . . => X la axit hoSc este. poli (vinyl axetat) poli (vinyl ancol) Dap an diing la C. j V i M Y < M x => X kh6ng th^ la axit Cau 17: Trong 100 m l dung djch c6: (RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O + 57,5 m l C 2 H , O H ^ mc^HjOH = 57,5.0,8 = 46(g) nc^HjOH = 4 6 / 4 6 = l ( m o l ) ^RCOONa > ^ RCOOH ) + 100 - 57,5 = 41,5 m l H 2 O mH20 = 42,5.1 = 42,5(g) => n H 2 0 = 2,36(mol) => X la este. V I M y < => g6c hidrocacbon cua ancol (trong X ) 16n han 23 => g6'c hidrocacbon cua ancol la C 2 H 5 - ( 2 9 ) . PTHH: 2C2H3OH + 2Na ^ 2 C 2 H , O N a + H2 T Vay este la HCOOC2H, (etyl fomat) 1 -> 0,5 (mol) i Dap an dung la D . 2H2O + 2Na - > 2 N a O H + Hj t C a u 14: Peptit X la A E D C B . That vay: 2,36 l,18(mol) I, A E D C B + 4H2O ^ A+E+D+C+B =>n^^^ = 0 , 5 +1,18 = l,68(mol) iz> =1,68.22,4 = 37,632(0 if' ' f A E D C B + 2H2O ^ A + E D + CB E)ap an dung la B. ,j„;t
dm nang On luy^n thi DH 3 mign B^c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hpc - Cu Thanh Toan Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t C a u 18: Cac hoa chat tac dung vori HCHO: 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H j (1) H C H O + l A g N O , + 3NH3 + H2O -> 2Ag + HCOONH4 + ZNH^NOj X ^ 0,5x .,rn •< d.Hl . (2) HCHO+H2 Ni,t -^CHjOH 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H poll (phenol - fomandehit) 0,5x + 0,5y = 0,135 fx =0,15 0 Taco: (4) HCHO + 2Cu (OH) + NaOH ^ CU2O + HCOONa + 3H2O ' 60x + 46y = 14,52 l y = 0,12 •ffr M »H: (6) HCHO + Br2 + H 2 O HCOOH + 2HBr xt.t CHjCOOH + CjH^OH^ ±CH3COOC2H5 + H20 Dap an diing la D. Bandau: 0,15 0,12 0 0 Chuj: Andehit c6 the tac dung ducrc vdi HOH, HCN Phan ling: 0,1 mHci -1.255-0,89 = 0,365(g)^nHci =0,Ol(mol) 0,1 mol V(l) 0,3 mol 0,2 mol Ap dung djnh luat bao toan nguydn t6' cho nguydn to oxi, ta c6: ' .. 1 > ^ 1 v =>Mx =0,89/0,01-89 "O(axit) + "o(oxi) = " 0 ( C 0 2 ) "o(H20) '* • 'l'"^^ ^R + 13 + 16 + 45 = 8 9 ^ R = 15(CH3-) i" "'. IK V.2 vay X la CH3 - C H ( N H 2 ) - COOH (alanin) > 0,1.2 + - = 0,3.2 + 0,2.1 =^V = 6,72 22,4 Dap an diing la D. Dap an diing la D. Cau 20: Chon thudc thir gom: axit fomic, glyxin, axit glutamic; lysin Cau 23: Theo bai ra: n Ba(OH)2 =0.2(mol); nc,H402 =nc4H802 = 0,05(mol) +0-. C2H4O2 >2C02 + 2H2O C4H8O2 )4C02 + 4H2O Quy tim 0,05 ^ 0,1-> 0,1 0,05 ^> 0,2^0,2 ,, tim do , xanh , =^mco2 + m H 2 o - ( 0 . 1 + 0,2).44 + (0,l + 0,2).18 = 18,6(g) glyxin axit fomic; lysin CO2 + Ba(OH)2 ^ BaCOj i +H2O axit glutamic 0,2 Y i + d d Z Cau 21: Theobai ra: n^^^ =0,135(mol);ncH3cooc2H5 =0,l(mol) it. Theo djnh luat bao toan kh6'i luong, ta c6: Xac djnh sd'mol CHjCOOH.CjHsOH trong 14,52 gam X: xl- <
Cty TNHH MTV D W H Khang Vi§t dm nang On luy^n thi DH 3 mign B j c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hpc - CCi Thanh Toan x + y = 0,25 fx =0,0625 mco2 + " ^ H 2 0 + m j j B ^ ( o „ ) ^ - + m ddZ Ta CO he: < 4x + 2y = 0,625 y = 0,1875 -4M£ + H O J l . - . -• . 0,0625.100% v a y % s6 m o l m6i andehit trong X la: ^-^^ = 25% m ddZ - m' d,d B a ( O H ) 2 = 1 8 , 6 - 1 9 , 7 = - l , l ( g ) 100-25 = 75% Vay dd Z giam 1,1 gam so vdi dung dich Ba(OH)2. .60 K Dap an dung la B. -a Dap an diing la C. Cdu 28: Xet cac phuong an: C a u 24: Theo bai ra: n^^^ =0,03(mol) A. Thoa man: C H 3 C H 2 C I + NaOH ^ C H j C H j O H + NaCl Dat ancol X la R(OH)., A,0 C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 + NaOH -> C 2 H 5 O H + C H j C O O N a 2 C 2 H 5 O H + 2Na -> 2C2H50Na + H2 C6H|20(, ^. 2 C 2 H S O H + 2 C O 2 0,02 ^ 0,02 ^0,01 C 2 H 4 + H2O C2H5OH R(OH)^ +aNa ^ R ( O N a ) ^ + ^ H 2 t B. Loai, vl C 3 H 2 C. Loai, V I CjHft 0,02 -> 0,02 0,01a D. Loai, V I CH4. 0,01+0,0 l a - 0 , 0 3 Dap an diing la A. Ta c6: • •a = 2;R = 4 2 ( - C 3 H 6 - ) Chuj- M 6 t so phan umg khac sinh ra C 2 H 5 O H : : if: 0,02.68 + 0,02.(R + 39a) = 3,76 C2H50Na + H C l ^ C 2 H 5 O H + NaCl v a y X C O the' la C H 3 - C H ( O H ) - C H j O H (propan - 1 , 2 - diol) C 2 H , N H 2 + HNO2 C2H5OH + N2+H2O Dap an dung la A. LiAlH C a u 25: CH3COOCH3 ^ C 2 H 5 0 H + CH30H »h> vA :...\-n, H30 - X chiia C, H , O c6: M = 60 ^ Cac CTPT cua X c6 the' c6: C 2 H 4 0 2 ; C 3 H 8 0 . C H 3 C H O + H2 -j^C2H50H - Cac Crcr cua X (dcfn chufc, mach ho): 1)HC00CH3; 2)CH3COOH; 3) C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H CH3COOH )C2H50H H3O"' 4) ( C H 3 ) 2 C H O H ; 5) C H 3 - O - CH2 - C H 3 Dap an dung la D. C H 3 C O O H + C 2 H 5 0 N a -> C 2 H 5 O H + C H 3 C 0 0 N a --.vl C a u 26: So do phan ung: (C2H5 )2 O + HBr -> C 2 H , 0 H + C j H j B r CH2 - C ( C H 3 ) C O O H + C H 3 0 H - ^ [ C H 2 = C ( C H 3 ) ( C O O C H 3 ) ] + H 2 0 Cau 29: D i ^ u kien monome tham gia phan ling trung hop: + C6 lien ket b6i. Thf du CH2 = C H 2 ; C 6 H 5 - C H - C H j ; 86g 32g lOOg CH2 = C H - C H = CH2 ;CH2 = C H - CI;... mi m, lOOg + Hoac C O vong kem b^n: T h i du: caprolactam; etilen oxit;... xrH «nr/ ^ 100-32.100 . 100.86.100 ^/ ^ V i H = 80%nen m, = - — ^ — ^ - 4 0 ( g ) ; = — — - — = 107,5(g) Dap an dung la B. 100.80 100.80 Cau 30: Theo bai ra: n^g =0,12(mol) Dap an diing la B. C.U^^O, -> 2 A g C6H,oO, + H 2 0 - C , H , 2 0 6 C a u 27: Theo bai ra: n^g - 0 , 6 2 5 ( m o l ) 0,06 • 4 A g i C H 3 C H O -> 2 A g i Vay % xenlulozo = ^ ' = 9 7 , 2 % . Dap an dung la A. itJ A X 4x y ^ 2y
Cafm nang On luy^n thi DH 3 mign B&c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hqc - Cu Thanh ToAn Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt BO D ETHI SO 8 9: Thdi Hj du qua hdn hop gdm cac oxit MgO,Al203,Fe203,CuO va PbO d MON H O A H O C K H O I A, B nhiet dd cao thi hdn hop chat ran thu ducic sau phan ling gdm: •f (Trich de thi thii Idn 3- Truong THPT Chuyen Le Hong Phong ) A. MgO,Cu,Fe,Al203,Pb B. MgO,Cu,Fe,Al,Pb ' Cau 1: Dot chay hoan toan 0,1 mol mot axit cacboxylic don chiic, can vira du 6,72 C. Mg,Cu,Fe,Al,Pb D. Mg,Cu,Fe,Al203,Pb ' , / lit O. (dktc), thu duoc 0,3 mol CO, va a mol H,0. Gia tri ciia a la: Cau 10: Cd the didu ehe kim loai canxi bang phuong phap nao sau day? A. 0,2 B.0,4 C. 0,1 D.0,3 A. Khir CaO bang lugng du khi CO a nhiet dd eao Cau 2: Hoa tan 5 gam mudi ngslm nude CuSO^.nH^O vao nude, dien phan dung B. Khir CaO bang lucmg du cacbon d nhiet dd cao ^ j, , dich thu duoc cho A6n khi c6 khi thoat ra tai catot thi dCrng lai, thu duoc dung C. Tir CaCO, dieu che CaCl, khan rdi dien phan CaCl, djch A . Trung hoa dung dich A cin mot luong vira dii dung dich chiia 1,6 gam D. Nhiet phan CaO 0 nhi6t dd cao. NaOH. Vay n c6 gia trj la: Cau 11: Cho cac chat sau: A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 4 (1): H O C H 2 - C H 2 O H (2): H O C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 O H Cau 3: Cho a mol C O , ha'p thu het vao dung dich chiia b mol Ca(OH)2. Phan ung (3): C H 3 - C H 2 - O - C H 3 (4): H O C H 2 - CHOH - C H 2 O H taokettuakhi: A. a / b < l / 2 B. l < a / b < 2 C. a / b < 2 D. a/b = r (5): C6H,206(glucozo) (6): C H 3 C O O H vrf^ Cau 4: Hop chat h&u co thorn X c6 cdng thiic phan tu CgHjoO. Khi thuc hien Cac cha't (trong nude) tac dung dugc vdi C U ( 0 H ) 2 la: '' phan ling tach nudre tir X thu dugc mot hidrocacbon Y, trung hop Y tao polistireii A.(l);(3);(5);(6) B. (1); (2); (4); (5) (PS). Sd cdng thiirc ca'u tao ciia X thoa man dieu kien tren la: C.(l);(4);(5);(6) D. (2); (3); (4); (5) A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1 Cau 12: Xac djnh cac ht sd a, b, c trong phuong trinh hoa hoc sau: '' Cau 5: Hoa tan hdn hop X gdm Na, K trong nude du, tao thanh dung dich A va aFeS2 + bHN03 - 4 Fe2 ( S O 4 + H2SO4 + cNO + 4 H 2 O 0,672 lit (dktc) khf H,. Cho dung dich A tac dung vdi dung dich chiia 0,016 mol AICI3 thi luong ket tua thu duoc la: A. a = 2,b = 5,c = 5 B. a = 2,b = 10,c = 10 A. 0,312 gam B. 1,17 gam C. 0,234 gam D. 0,78 gam C. a = 2,b = 4,c = 4 D. a = 2,b = 8,c = 8 cau 6: Tinh the tich dung dich FeS04 1,5M cSn dung d^ phan ling vira du vdi cau 13: Dun ndng hdn hgp 2 ancol don chiic mach hd vdi H2SO4 dac 0 140°C thu 100ml dung djch chiia KMn04 0,2M va K2Cr3O7 0 , l M trong mdi trudng axit? dugc hdn hgp 3 ete. Ddt chay hoan toan mot trong ba ete thi thu dugc khi A. 0,32 lit B. 0,64 lit C. 0,106 lit D. 0,08 lit caebonie va hoi nude cd ti le mol la n^Q^ : n^^^Q = 3 : 4 . Cdng thuc phan tir ciia Cau 7: Este E cd cdng thiic phan tu la C5Hg02. Thiiy phan E trong mdi trudiig 2 ancol la: ' axit thu dugc dimetyl xeton. Cdng thiic ca'u tao thu gon ciia E la: A. C H 3 O H va C 2 H , 0 H B. C 2 H S O H va CH3CHOHCH3 A. C H 3 C O O C H = CHCH3 B. CH3COOC(CH3) = C H 2 C. HCOOCH = C H C H 2 C H 3 D. HC00C(CH3) = C H C H 3 C. C H 3 O H va C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 O H D. C2H
dm nang On luyQn thi DH 3 m\in BJc - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hgc - Cii Thanh Toan Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigl Cau 17: Chi so axit la s6' mg KOH cin dung di trung boa cac axit beo tu do c6 trong Cau 25: D6't nong h6n hop g6m b6t Al va b6t Fe304 trong dieu kien khong c6 khong 1 gam chat beo. Tinh chi s6' axit ciia m6t loai chat beo, bie't rang d^ trung hoa axit khi. Sau khi phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc h6n hop X. Cho h6n hop X tac beo tirdo c6 trong 14 gam cha't beo do c^n 15ml dung djch NaOH 0,1M? dung vdfi dung dich NaOH du tha'y c6 khi H, thoat ra. H6n hqfp X g6m: A. 14 B. 7 C. 5,6 D. 6 A. Al,Fe,Fe304,Al203 B. Al,Fe,Fe203,Al203 Cau 18: Phat bi^u nao sau day khong dung? ' ' -'^ C. Al,Fe,Al203 D. Al,Fe,FeO,Al203 A. Khi them tir tir tirng luong nho dung dich HCl vao dung djch NajCOj d6ng Cau 26: Cho cac kim loai Al,Fe,Cr,Na. Hay sSp xep cac kim loai do theo chieu thofi khua'y deu h6n hop thi phan ling hoa hoc ddu tifen xay ra la: tang d^n dp ciing: CO3- + H+ ^ HCOJ . *; A. Na < Fe < A l < Cr B. Na < A l < Fe < Cr '"*' ' B. Cac kim loai ki6m lu6n c6 s6' oxi hoa +1 trong moi hop cha't ciia chvlng. C. N a < C r < A l < F e D. N a < A l < N i < F e H C. Khi dien phan NaOH nong chay (vd'i cac ditn cue tro), tren anot xay ra qua cau 27: Cho 10,8 gam h6n hop g6m Fe, Al, Mg tac dung vira dii vdi dung djch c6 tfmh oxi hoa: 2 0 H " - ^ 0 2 + 2H+ + 2e chiia 0,8 mol HCl. Khd'i luong mu6'i khan thu duoc la: D. Di 6iiu ch€ cac kim loai kiim, ngircri ta c6 the dien phan cac mu6'i clorua A. 37,2 gam B. 38,2 gam C. 40,2 gam D. 39,2 gam hoac cac hidroxit nong chay ciia chung. Cau 28: Th6i m6t luong khi CO qua m gam FejOj nung nong thu duoc 6,72 gam Cau 19: M6t h6n hop X gdm 3 ancol don chiic thu6c ciing m6t day ddng dang. Dot h6n hop X gdm 4 chat rSn la Fe, FeO, Fe304, FcjO,. H6n hop X tac dung voi chay hoan toan m gam h6n hop X thu duoc 4,4 gam CO, va 2,7 gam n\x6c. C6ng dung djch HNO3 du sinh ra 0,16 mol NO,. Gia trj cua m la: thiic t6ng quat ciia 3 ancol la: A. 7 gam B. 6 gam C. 5 gam D. 8 gam A. C„H2„_,0H B. C„H2„0H C. C„H2„+,0H D. C^H^^.jOH Cau 29: Hoa tan m (gam) Na^O vao 100 ml dung djch NaOH20%(D = l,2g/ml) Cau 20: M6t hop chat huu co X chiia C, H, O, N c6 phan tix khd'i 89 dvC. X tac thu duoc dung djch NaOH 30%. Vay m c6 gia trj la: ^* dung vdri dung dich HCl va dung dich NaOH. Khi cho 0,1 mol X tac dung v6i A. 15,22gam B. 10,2gam C. 13,12gam D. 12,12gam dung dich NaOH dir thu duoc 9,4 gam mu6'i. C6ng thu"c ca'u tao dung ciia X la: Cau 30: Cho so do chuyen hoa true tiep: C 2 H 5 O H X -> C 2 H 5 O H . Trong cac A. C H 2 = CH - C O O N H 4 B. H 2 N - C H 2 - COO - CH3 chat sau: C 4 H 6 (divinyl), CH3CHO,CH3COOH,C2H4, C2H50Na,(C2H5)2 O, C. C H 3 - C H ( N H 2 ) - COOH D. H 2 N - C H 2 - C H 2 - COOH C2H5Cl,CH3COOC2H5, s6' chat c6 the la chat X la: ,, Cau 21: Cho metylamin ISn luot phan ting vori dung dich HCl, NaOH, NH3, HNO,, A. 4 chat B. 7 cha't C. 8 chat D. 6 chat FeClj. So Mn xay ra phan ling hoa hoc la: A. 1 B. 2 ' C. 3 D. 5 Cau 22: Cho dung dich chiia 0,03 mol NaAlO. tac dung vdri 100 ml dung dich HCl H I K I N G DAN G I A I f X (M), tha'y sinh ra 1,56 gam kdt tiia. Gia trj ciia x la: Cau 1: Theobai ra: n^^ = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3(mol) A.0,lMhay0,4M B. 0,2M C. 0,2M hay 0,6M D. 0,6M So 66: C^HyO^ + 0 2 ^ C O 2 + H 2 O ' Cau 23: Cho 0,01 mol Fe vao 100ml dung dich AgNOj 0,4M thi s6' mol Ag sinh ra la: A. 0,01 mol B. 0,04 mol C. 0,03 mol D. 0,02 mol Ap dung djnh luat bao toan nguydn t6' (cho nguyfen t6' oxi): C&u 24: Cho cac phat bi^u v6 tinh ciing ciia nu6c nhu sau: "O(axit) + " 0 ( 0 2 ) = " o ( C 0 2 ) + " 0 ( H 2 0 ) (1) : Dun s6i ta chi loai duoc tinh ciing tam then ciia nirofc. 0,1.2 + 0,3.2 = 0,3.2 + a. 1 a = 0,2. .v ^iM),(J :gfrf) (Hi- (2) : Co th^ dung NajCOj de loai ca tinh cufng tam thori va tinh ciing vTnh ciru ciJa Dap an diing la A. !' nude. (3) : Co th^ dung HCl di loai tinh ciing ciia nu6c. Cau 2: Theo bai ra: nN^oH = ' ' 6 / 4 0 = 0,04(mol) (4) : Co th^ diing NaCl de loai tinh ciing ciia nude. H2SO4 + 2 N a O H ^ Na2S04 + 2 H 2 O s,r Chon phat bi^u diing: 0,02 ^ 0,04 A. Chi CO (1), (2), (3) B. Chi CO (1), (2) CUSO4 + H 2 O -> Cu i + H2SO4 + 0,502 C.Chi CO (2) ,^ D. Chi CO (1), (2), (4) 0,02 ^ 0,02 .; on
cam rang on luyen tin E)H 3 mjgn BJc - Trung - Nam m6n H6a hgc - Cii Thanh Togin Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi?t CUSO4 . nH20 CUSO4 + nH20 C^U 6: Theo bai ra: nKMn04 = 0'02(mol);nK2c,2O7 =^0,0l(mol) 0,02 ^ 0,02 Qua trinh nhan electron: +7 =^ Mc„,so4.„H20 = ^ = 250 ^ 160 + 18n = 250 ^ n = 5 Mn + 5e - * M n ,>'' Cr + 3e Cr 0,02 -> 0,1 (mol) 0,01.2 ^ 0,06 (mol) ; " ' Dap an dung la A. +2 +3 Cau3:PTHH: 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> Ca(HC03)2 Qua trinh nhucmg electron: Fe - le ^ Fe §iuib ^:, , :u Ban dau: a b (mol) X ^ X (mol) ^'tSfcn£>;iniA' Phan ling: a a/2 (mol) Theo djnh luat bao toan electron, ta c6: x = 0,1+0,06 =^ x = 0,16(mol) ,^ Di CO ket tua (CaCOj i ) thi a/2 < b = i ' a / b < 2 ;tl 0,16 Dap an dung la C. ') ndiH' VddFeSO4=Vr = 0'106(l) 1,5 Cau 4 : Cac tinh chat cua X: ' * ^' Dap an dung la C. * ^'''^^ ''^ + X la hop chat thorn (c6 vong benzen trong phan tir) «' ChuJ,: Cac PTHH cac phan ung xay ra: + CTPT: C,H,oO ( n , + , = 4 ) 10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2 (SO4 )^ + K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + 8H2O + CgH,oO^Y-*PS(polistiren) 6FeS04 + K2Cr207 + 7H2SO4 -> 3Fe2 (SO4), + K2SO4 + Cr2 (SO4 \ IH^O => Y la C^H^ - CH = C H 2 (stiren) ; Vay X phai c6 ca'u tao: , jjitj,; Cau 7: So d6: C5HSO2 + H2O . CH3 - CO - CH3 + . . . .) 1) C^Hj - CH(OH) - CH3; 2) CgH^ - C H 2 - CH2(OH)»j este E dimetyl xeton ,,/) => Co 2 ca'u tao thoa man. 'K => E phai CO cau tao: CH3COO - CCCHj) = CH2 Dap an diing la C. Dap an diing la B. ^ ' Chu y; Cac so do phan ling xay ra: Chii v.- PTHH: C^H, - CH (OH) - CH3 > C,H5 - CH - C H 2 PS CH3COOC(CH3) = CH2 + H 2 O — — . C H 3 C O O H + CH3 - CO - CH3 C^H, - C H 2 - C H 2 ( 0 H ) - 3 ^ C 6 H , - CH = C H 2 - PS. C^u 8: Khi do xay ra cac qua trinh: Cr202- + H2O 2CrO^- + 2 H + Cau 5: Theo bai ra: Ui^^ =0,03 (mol) 2H++20H- -^2H20 ' M(Na,K) + H 2 0 - ^ M O H + ^ H 2 T Ci20^- + 2 0 H - -> 2CrO^- + H2O ;S ^ 0,06 ^ 0,03 (dacam) (vang) . j 3MOH + AICI3 A l ( 0 H ) 3 i + 3MC1 => Dung dich chuyen sang mau vang. Phan ling: 0,048
dm nang On luy^n thi SH 3 mjgn Bjc - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hgc - Cu T h a n n ioan Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi;t 3H2+Fe203 • 2Fe + 3 H 2 0 T QiU 13: V I ancol no, ho, s6' mol HjO > s6' mol CO2 => ete no, ho, don chuc C„H2„+20- H2+CUO- >Cu + H20T C „ H 2 n + 2 0 - ^ ^ n C 0 2 + ( n + l)H20 ' ( , : l O ) ) • :; ; H2-|-PbO- • Pb + H20T (iom){,(i Theobai ra: iicoj :nH20 = 3 : 4 = ^ n : ( n - | - l ) = 3:4 (fKJ'p HH - • • => Chat ran g6m MgCAIjOj.Fe.Cu.Pb . => n = 3(C3HsO CH3 - O - C2HS) • - -.'^ "'""^ I'^^h >' ' ' Dap an dung la A. Chu v.- Cdn de y tdi phan ung: , ^ Hai ancol la CH,OH va C.H,OH. • " ' ^ .0>570"C Dap an diing la A. Fe + H20- • FeO + H 2 0 Chuj: CH3OH + C2H,OH " 2 ^ 4 . CH3 - O - C 2 H , + H2O 140 C 3Fe + 4 H 2 0 ( h ) — F e 3 0 4 + 4H2 CH3OH + CH3OH yCH3 - O - CH3 + H2O a 61 •inid/ n, r Cau 10: Xet cac phuong an: C2H,OH + C2H,OH ^C2H, - O - C 2 H 5 + H2O ^"^^ '^'^ A. Loai,vi CaO + C O — —> kh6ng xay ra Cau 14: Theo bai ra: nH20 = = 6(mol);nH2 = 3,8(mol) B. Loai, VI CaO + 3 C — ^ — > C a C 2 + CO C. Diing: CaCOj + 2HC1 CaClj + C O 2 + H 2 O Na -f- H2O ^ NaOH + 0,5H2 T .'rS'i'^i ' CaCl(dd)^CaCl2(khan) 6 —> 3(mol) nw" CaClj -> Ca + CI2 (dpnc) Na + C2H,OH -> C2H50Na + O.SHj T 'S""^' ^^ D. Loai, VI CaO—--—> kh6ng xay ra. 1,6 ^ ( 3 , 8 - 3 ) = 0,8(mol) Dap an dung la C. = 1.6.46 = 73,6(g)=» V c 2 H , O H = 92(ml) =^ ' " C 2 H 5 O H Cau 11: Cac chat tac dung vdi Cu(OH),: 09 ] nrfi + Co ti'nh axit: (6) Vay dung dich A c6 do ruou la: = 46° + Co It nhat 2 nhom -OH ke nhau: (1), (4), (5). 92-t-108 Dap an dung la C. Dap an dung la B. CM v.- 2 C H 3 C O O H -I- C u ( 0 H ) 2 ^ (CHaCOO)^ Cu - f 2 H 2 O Cau 15: CocAT; Theo bai ra: nco2 = 0 , l ( m o l ) ; nH20 =0,15(mol) ^ ' " H 2 0 > "CO2 ^ 'inco\, ho, don chiic C„H2„_,.20 Cau 12: FeS2 + H N O 3 ^ Fea ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + H 2 S O 4 + N O + H 2 O C n H 2 „ + 2 0 - ^ n C 0 2 + ( n + 1)H20 +2 - 1 +3 +6 ' ' M i l ' " *• Ix 2FeS2-2.15e->2Fe+2.2S X -> nx -> (n -I- 1)X +5 +2 N + 3e-> N nx = 0,l x=0,05 lOx Taco: (n + l)x = 0,I5 n=2 2FeS2 + IOHNO3 -> Fe2 (SO4 \ H2SO4 + lONO + 4H2O A =>a = 2;b = 10;c = 10. Vay m = (I4n + 18).x = (l4.2 + 18).0,05 = 2,3(gam) Dap an diing la B. Oap an dung la A. CM y: Di don gian trong qua trinh nhircmg electron ciia FeSj ta c6 th^ l^m nh^' iSchJ^: Sic dung cong thiJc giai nhanh de tinh: 0 0 + 3 + 6 sau: 2FeS2-2.15e-^2F'>+2.2S . rrico-, 44 , ^ •"ancol = m H 2 0 p p => m = 2,7 - — = 2,3(gam)
Ca'm i i j i i y on iiiyeii iiii UH 3 mjgn Bjc - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hgc - Cii Thanh ToAn Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t C a u 16: Cac amin bac 2 cua C Co 3 phan ling xay ra. Oap an diing la C. 3) C - N H - C - C ( C H 3 ) - C ; 4) C - C - N H - C - C - C Qftuj,: Chua xet cac phan litig: sM j 5) C - C - N H - C ( C H 3 ) 2 ; 6) C - N H - C ( C H 3 ) 3 :i,ui^U: CH3NH2 + H2O ^ CH3NHI + O H - jv ;. ;| => Co 6 dong phan amin bac 2. 5c') it CH3NH2 + HNO2 ^ CH3NH3NO2 i Dap an diing la A . 3CH3NH3OH + FeCl3 -> Fe(OH)3 ^ +3CH3NH3CI Cau 17: Theo bai ra: n^aOH = l5(mmol) = H K O H ^ ^KOH = ^'^-^^ = 84(mg) Cau 22: ?: Theo bai ra: n^i^Qj^j^^ = 0 , 0 2 ( m o l ) >' Vay chi s6'axit ciia chat beo: =6 Dap an diing la D. IO,l©-fHO^K' T H l : NaA102 +HC1 + H 2 0 - ^ A l ( 0 H ) 3 + N a C l ? C a u 18: Xet cac phirong an: 0,02
im nang On M n thi DH 3 mign B&c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hpc - Cu Thanh Tokn Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt N a 2 0 + H2O 2NaOH (2) : Dung, v i : Ca^^ + CO^" ^ CaCO, i X ^2x(mol) Mg2++CO^-.MgC03i •' Sau khi thdm NajO thi: ' ' (Mg2++20H--^Mg(OH)2i) + Khd'i luong dung dich mod la: 120 + 62x(g) -) i M J H J '/..,, (3) , (4): Sai, vi khong the lam m^m nu6c bang H Q , NaCl. 4 - B'- H Kh6'i lugng NaOH: 24 + 40.2x = 24 + 80x (g) ' ''' Chi CO ( 1 , 2) dung. rO/t, H/i, ; +• AV^; H ... , . 24 + 80X 30 Dap an dung la B. Theo bai ra, ta co: = = 0,3 120 + 62X 100 Cau25:Sad6: A l , F e 3 0 4 - ^ X ^"^"Q" . H , T (; = 60/307 >1 'YM ^ X chu-a A l (con du) =^ Fe304 phan ling he't. rtT J. vay m = 12,12(g) 3Fe304 + 8A1 — ^ 9Fe + 4 AI2O3 Dap an diing la D. Vay X chixa Fe, A K O , va A l (du). . £
;, (,,;ikj O i l luyeii IJM 3 !niL:ii [i,^. - Trung - Nam mOn H6a tiQC - Cu Thanh Toan ^ Cty TNHH MIV UVVH Khang Vigt B O D E T H I SO 9 CSiU 8: H6n hop M gdm hai kim loai X , Y c6 hoa trj khdng ddi. Oxi hoa hoan toan M 6 N HO A HOC K H O I A, B «; x 6,3 gam M trong oxi du thu duoc 11,1 gam hdn hop hai oxit. Mat khac, neu la'y (Trich dethi thildn I- Tru&ng THPT Chuyen Dai hoc Vinh ) i , , 12,6 gam M hoa tan hd't trong dung djch H Q thi thu duoc V 1ft H , (dktc). Gia tri I . P H A N C H U N G C H O T A T C A T H I S I N H (40 cau, tit cku 1 den cau 40) cua V la • A. 8,96 B. 13,44 C. 6,72 D. 4,48 Cau 1: Phat bieu d u n g la: .^ C&u 9 Cho mot sd ti'nh chat: cd vj ngot (1); tan trong nude (2); tham gia phan ihig A . Dien phan NaCl nong chay sinh ra N a O H trang bac (3); hoa tan Cu(OH)2 a nhiet d6 thudmg (4); lam mat mau dung djch B. SiO, d l dang hoa tan trong NajCOj nong chay .^j . brom (5); bj thiiy phan trong dung djch axit dun ndng (6). Cac tinh chat eua C. Dung dich N a H C O , 0 , 1 M c6 p H < 7 fructozo la: D. K i m loai Na chay trong m6i trucmg khi oxi kho va dir, tao ra NajO. A(l),(2),(4),(6) B.(2),(3),(4),(5) C. (1), (3), (5), (6) D.(l),(2),(3),(4) Cau 2: H6n hop k h i X gom hai amin no, don chuc, mach hcf thuoc cung day d6ng c a u 10: Cac chat vira tac dung vdi dung djch Fe(N03)2 vira tac dung vdi dung djch dang va m6t anken. D6't chay hoan toan m gam h6n hop X thu duoc 0,55 mo! NaOH la: CO,, 0,925 m o l H^.O va V lit N , (dktc). Gia trj cua V la: A. A l , H C l , NaHS04, A g N O j B. CO,, NaHCO,, Mg, Ca. , A . 2,80 B.4,48 C. 3,36 D . 5,60 C. A l , HCl, Na.S, C u ( N 0 3 ) , . D. A l A , H,S04, N H 4 C I , Na^COj" Cau 3: Thufc hien cac thi nghiem sau: ' ^ c a u 11: Hdn hop M gdm xeton X (no, don chiic, mach hd) va hidrocaebon Y (the' (I) Nho dung dich Na2C0,, tai du vao dung dich AliNO^),. ''') n long d dilu kien thudng). Dot chay hoan toan 0,1 mol M , thu duoc 0,45 mol (II) Nho dung dich NH, tit tiJt toi du vcio dung dich CUSO4. CO2 va 0,525 mol H^O. C6ng thiic ciia X, Y \An luot la: (III) Cho KOH vao dung dich Ca(HC0,)2. A.CH3COCH3vaQH„ B. C H ^ C O C H , va C3H,o . , (IV) Sue khi H2S vao dung dich KMnO^ trong nidi trudng H2SO4 lodng. C. C H 3 C O C H 3 va Q H , o D. Q H ^ C O Q H , va Q H , , . So thi nghiem k h i ke't thuc cac phan ling c6 ket t u a xua't h i f n la: c a u 12: Hdn hop X gdm hai ancol don chij-c, mach hd thudc ciing day ddng dang A. 1 B.4 C.2 D.3 va 3 ete tao ra hai ancol dd. Ddt chay hoan toan m gam X cin vira dii V lit O , Cau 4: Nguydn tiJr ciia nguyen t6' X c6 t6ng s6' electron thu6c phan Idrp p la 11. Dien (dktc), thu duofc 0,81 mol CO, va 0,99 mol H.O. Gia trj cua m va V ISn luot la tich hat nhan nguydn tir ciia nguydn t6' Y la +14,418.10"" C (cu-l6ng). Lidn ket A. 14,58 va 27,216 B. 16,20 va 27,216 giua X va Y thu6c loai lidn ket C. 14,58 va 29,232 D. 16,20 va 29,232 A . k i m loai B. cho - nhan C4u 13: Cho 100 ml dung dich H3PO4 I M tac dung vdi 21,875 ml dung djch N a O H C. c6ng hoa trj c6 cue D . ion 25% (d = 1,28 gam/ml) sau dd dem pha loang bang nude ea't thu duoc 250 ml Cau 5: Hop chat thom X c6 ph^n tram kh6'i luong cac nguydn t6': 67,742%C; dung djch X . Hoi trong X cd nhung hop chat nao cua photpho va ndng d6 mol la 6,451%H, con lai la o x i . T i khd'i hoi ciia X d6'i v d i H j nho hon 100. Cho 18,6 bao nhieu (bd qua su thuy phan ciia cac inudi)? gam X phan ling vCra hd't vdi dung djch chiia 0,15 m o l N a O H . Sd cong thiic ca'u A . Na3P04 0 , 4 M B. NaH3P04 0 , 1 M va Na2HP04 0 , 3 M tao phu hofp ciia X la: C. NaH2P04 0 , 4 M D. Na2HP04 0 , 1 M va Na3P04 0 , 3 M . A. 3 B.7 C.5 D.6 Cau 6: Cho ttr tir dung djch chiia x mol H Q vao dung djch chiia y mol NajCOj, thu C A U 14: Xet can bang: N j ( k ) + 3 H 2 ( k ) ^ 2NH3(k) duoc 1,12 lit k h i (dktc) dung djch X. K h i cho nude v6i trong d u vao dung djch Khi chuyen sang trang thai can bang mdi ne'u ndng dd ciia va H j diu giam 2 X tha'y xua't hidn 5 gam ket tua. Gia trj ciia x va y \in luot la: •^n (giu nguyen cac yd'u t d khac so vdi trang thai can bang cu) thi ndng d6 mol A . 0 , 1 Ova0,075 B. 0,10 va0,050 C. 0,20 va0,150 D . 0,15 va0,100 cuaNH,: Cau 7: Tr6n 0,25 m o l b6t A l vdi 0,15 mol b6t Fe.Oj r d i tie'n hanh phan umg nhiet A. giam 4 Mn B. giam 3 Mn C. tSng 4 lAn D . giam 6 Idn nh6m trong dieu kien khdng cd khong k h i (gia sir chi cd phan ling khir Fe^Oj «U 15: Thuy phan hoan toan 1 mol pentapeptit X mach hd thu duoc 1 mol glyxin Fe) thu duoc h6n hop rSn X. Cho X tac dung vdi dung djch N a O H (du) thu dutfc • (Gly), 2 mol alanin (Ala), 2 mol valin (Val). Mat khac, ne'u thuy phan kh6ng dung djch Y , m gam cha't ran kiian Z va 0,15 mol H , . Hieu sua't phan ihig nhiet ' hoan toan X t h % thu duoc san ph^m cd chita Ala-Gly, G l y - V a l . Sd c6ng thu-c nh6m va gia tri ciia m iSn luct !a: ca'u tao phu hop cua X la: ^•8 B.4 C.2 D.6 A . 60% va 20,40 B,. 60% va 30,75 C. 50% va 30,75 D . 50% va 40,80 242
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViQt dm nang On luyjn thi DH 3 mign B^c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hpc - CD Thanh Toan Q^U 25: D a m ure dugc di6u ch6' bang each cho amoniac tac dung vdri CO, or nhiet Cau 16: Co 4 dung dich rieng biet: HCl, FeCl, A g N O , , CUSO4. Nhiing vao m6i d6 180" - 200''C, dudri ap sua't khoang 200 atm. D e thu dugc 6 kg dam ure thi thd' dung dich mot thanh Fe nguyen chat. So truong hop xua't hien an mon hoa hoc la: ti'ch amoniac (dktc) da diing (gia s u hieu sua't dat 80%) la: A. 4 ' ' B. 2 C. 1 D. 3 A. 3584 lit B. 5600 lit C . 4480 lit D . 2800 lit Cau 17: H6n hop M gom axit cacboxylic X (kh6ng no, don chiJc, mach ho), anco] Cau 26: Thirc hifen cac thi nghiem sau: •' 1* no, don chiJc, mach ho Y (so mol ciia Y 1dm hon s6' mol cua X ) va este Z dugc (J) Siukhf CI2 vao diiiifi ciicli NaOH. .,,,,1 ^ tao ra tir X va Y. Cho mot luong M phan ling vCra dii v6i dung dich chua 0,25 (II) Sue khi CO2 vcio nitac Gia-ven ^, mol; N a O H thu duoc 27 gam mu6'i va 9,6 gam ancol. C6ng thiJc cua X va Y la: (III) C/w FejO, vao M HNO, loang ..^j,, ,, A. C3H7COOH va CH.OH. B. C,H,COOH va C H 5 O H (IV) SiH • khi SO2 vao cUI Na.COj C. C3H5COOH va C H , O H D. C^HsCOOH va C^HjOH. (V) Cho FeSO, va chmi> dich H2SO, due. Cau 18: Dung dich X chiia cac ion: Ba^+,K+,HS03 va NO3 . Cho 1/2 dung dich So thi nghiem xay ra phan iJng oxi hoa - khiJ la: 'T X phan ling vdi dung dich NaOH (du), thu dugc 1,6275 gam ket tua. Cho 1/2 A. 1 B. 3 C.2 D.4 • dung dich X con lai phan ihig vdri dung djch HCl (du) sinh ra 0,28 lit SO, (dktc). Cau 27: T h u y phan hoan to^n 0,1 mol este X cin dung vijra dii 300 m l dung dich Mat khac, neu cho dung dich X tac dung vdri 300 ml dung dich Ba(OH). c6 pH = NaOH I M , thu dugc mot ancol va 89 gam h6n hgp mu6'i ciia hai axit beo. Hai 13 thi thu dugc 500 m l dung dich c6 pH (bo qua su dien l i ciia H.O) la axit beo do la A. 13 B. 12 C. 1 D.2 A. Ci^HjiCOOH va C.^HijCOOH B. C^Hj^COOH v a C , 7 H „ C O O H Cau 19: Dot chay hoan toan mot lugng h6n hgp khi X gom m6t ankan va mdt anken C. C,7H3,COOH v a C„H3,COOH D. C „ H „ C O O H v a C ^ H j . C O O H cin dung vira du 0,7 mol O,, thu dufoc 0,4 mol CO,. Cong thufc ciia ankan la Cau 28: H 6 n hgp X gom andehit Y, axit c a c b o x y l i c Z va este T . Dot chay hoan A.C^Hio B.CJH, C.CH, D.CH, toan 0,2 mol X cin dung vira dii 0,625 mol O, thu dugc 0,525 mol CO, va 0,525 Cau 20: Hgp chat hihi co X mach ho, c6 cong thufc phan tir C4HSO2. Cho X tac mol H , 0 . So mol ciia andehit Y chiia trong 0,2 mol X la A. 0,025 mol B. 0,075 mol C . 0,100 mol D. 0,050 mol dung v6i H . (xiic tac N i , t") sinh ra ancol Y c6 kha nang hoa tan CuCOH), or nhiet do thuomg. So chat bin phii hgp ciia X la: cau 29: D e phan biet hai khi S O , va C O , rieng le, khong the dung dung dich nao sau d a y ? A. 4 B. 5 C.6 D. 3 A. D u n g dich Br, trong nudrc B. D u n g djch B a ( O H ) , Cau 21: D6't chay hoan toan m gam h6n hgp X gom hai andehit cSn dung vira het C . D u n g dich I , trong nudic D. Dung dich K M n 0 4 0,375 mol O,, sinh ra 0,3 mol CO, va 0,3 mol H^O. Mat khac, neu cho m gam X Cau 30: C h i a 30,4 gam h6n hgp g6m F e va C u thanh 2 phin b I n g nhau. PhSn 1 cho tac dung vdri lugng du dung djch AgNOa trong N H , thi lugng ket tiia bac thu tac dung het vai dung dich H , S 0 4 dac, nong (du) thu dugc 6,72 lit SO, (san dugc CO the la ( H = 100%) phaim khir duy nha't, dktc). Hoa tan phin 2 trong 550 m l dung dich A g N O j I M , A. 75,6 gam B. 48,6 gam C. 64,8 gam D. 32,4 gam ket thuc phan ling thu dugc dung djch Y. Nong do mol ciia F e ( N 0 3 ) , trong dung Cau 22: Cho m gam h6n hgp X g6m HCOOCH = C H j . C H j C O O H va djch Y (coi the tich dung djch khong thay doi trong qua trinh phan ung) la: OH C - CH2 - CHO phan iJng vdi lugng du dung djch A g N O j trong N H , dun A.0,181M B.O,363M C . 0,182M D.0,091M nong, thu dugc 54 gam Ag. Mat khac, neu cho m gam X tac dung vdri Na (du) Cau 31: D i e n phan (dien cue tro, khong mang ngan, hieu sua't 100%) dung djch thu dugc 0,28 lit H , (dktc). Gia tri ciia m la chua 0,15 mol C u ( N 0 3 ) , va 0,1 mol Fe(N03)3 bang dong dien c 6 cudmg do lOA. K h o i lugng catot tang len sau 5790 giay dien phan la: y A. 19,5 B.9,6 C. 10,5 D. 6,9 A. 9,6 gam B. 9,8 gam C . 15,2 gam D. 15,4 gam Cau 23: Cho h6n hgp X gom 0,09 mol Fe va 0,05 mol F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 . 7 H 2 O vao ' - ^ u 32: H 5 n hgp X gom axit huu co Y no, don chiic va axit hiru co Z hai chiJc (Y 500ml dung dich HCl I M , ket thiic phan Ung thu dugc dung dich Y va khi N O nhieu horn Z m6t nguyen tu cacbon). C h i a X thanh hai phSn bang nhau. C h o (san phdm khiJ duy nha't). Hoi dung djch Y hoa tan t6'i da bao nhidu gam Cu? PhSn 1 tac dung hd't vdri Na, sinh ra 0,25 mol H , . D6't c h a y hoan toan phSn 2, A. 3,84 B.4,48 C. 4,26 D. 7,04 sinh ra 0,7 mol CO,. C o n g thiic ca'u tao thu gon va phdn tram kh6'i lugng cua Z C a u 24: Trong cac polime sau: (1) poll (metyl metacrylat); (2) nilon-6; (3) nilo"' 'rong h6n hgp X la: 6,6; (4) poll (etylen-terephtalat); (5) poll (vinyl clorua); (6) poli (v'inyl axetat)' A. H O O C - C O O H va 55,42% B. H O O C - C H j - C O O H va 29,13% cac polime c6 the tdng hgp bang phan ihig trung hgp la: A. (2), (3), (5), (6) B.(l),(5),(6) C.(l),(2),(5),(6) D. (2), (3), (4) C. H O O C - CH2 - C O O H va 70,87% D. HOOC - C O O H va 70,87% 245
dm nang On luyen thi BH 3 mjgn BJc - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hipc - Cu Thanh Toan Cty TMHH MTV DWH Khang Vijt Cau 33: Day gom cac dung dich rieng le (n6ng d6 mol moi dung djch 0,1M) dugc j l . PHAN R I E N G : Thi sinh dirge ohgn lam 1 trong 2 pMn (Phdn I hoac PhSn II) sap xep theo thii tir do pH tang dSn tir rai sang phai la: ph^n I . Theo chuong trinh Chuan (10 cau, tit cau 41 den cau 50) A. H 2 S 0 4 , N a C l , H N 0 3 , N a 2 C 0 3 B. HN03,Na2C03,NaCl,H2S04 Cau 41: Hoa tan hoan toan 0,15 mol phen chua KA1(S04)2.12H20 vao nuoc, thu C. H 2 S 0 4 , H N 0 3 , N a C l , N a 2 C 0 3 D. NaCl,Na2C03,HN03,H2S04 duoc dung dich X. Cho toan bg X tac dung vdi 200 ml dung djch Cau 34: Chat X kh6ng tac dung v6i Na, tham gia phan ting trang bac va c6ng horp (Ba(OH)2 I M + N a O H l M ) , sau phan ling hoan toan thu dugc m gam k6't tiia. w6\m theo ti le mol 1:1. C6ng thiic ca'u tao thu gon cua X la: Gia tri ciia m la: A. H O C H 2 C H = CHCHO B. HCOOCH2CHO ^V7> A. 54,4 B. 23,3 C. 46,6 D. 58,3 «K ; C. C H 2 = C H O C H 3 D. HCOOCH = C H 2 . Cau 42: Cho sua't didn dgng chu^n E° ciia cac pin difn hoa: " " Cau 35: Tr6n m6t the tich vdi m6t th^ ti'ch anken thu duoc h6n hofp X. T i khoi E x - Y = l , l V ; E ^ _ z =0,78V;E^_2 = 0,46V (X, Y, Z, T la bo'n kim loai). Day cua X so vdi H , 1^ 7,5. D5n X di qua Ni nung nong thu duoc h6n hop khi Y c6 ti cac kim loai \6p theo chieu tang din tinh khu tir trai sang phai la: kh6'i so voi H , la 9,375. Phdn tram khoi lirgng cua ankan trong Y la: , A.Y,Z,T,X B.T,Z,X,Y C. Z, T, X, Y D. T, Z, Y, X A. 20% ' B.40% C. 60%. D. 25% cau 43: Chia m gam h6n hop X gom FeS va CuS thanh hai ph^n bang nhau. Cho Cau 36: Cho h6n hop X gom K^O, NH4CI, KHCO, va CaCU (s6' mol m6i chat ddu phSn 1 phan iJng vdri dung dich HCl (du), thu dugc 2,24 lit khi (dktc). Hoa tan bang nhau) vao nu6c du, dun nong, thu diroc dung dich chiia hd't phin 2 trong dung dich HNO3 loang (du), sinh ra 15,68 lit NO (san ph^m A. KCl, K,C03, NH4CI B. KCl, KOH khir duy nha't, dktc). Gia trj ciiam la: : 1, / C. KCl D- KHCO3, KOH, CaCU, NH4CI A. 46,4 B. 58,0 C. 23,2 D. 34,8 .) 'S?. Cau 37: Cac nguydn t6' X, Y, Z, T c6 s6' hieu nguyen tiJf Mn luot la 14, 15, 16, 17. Cau 44: Phat bieu dung la: )•;/ , Day gdm cac phi kim x6'p theo chieu giam tinh oxi hoa tCr trai sang phai la: A. Andehit axetic lam mat mau dung dich brom trong CCI4. ,c, A.T,Y,X,Z B.T,Z,Y,X C. Z, T, Y, X D. X, Y, Z, T B. Enzim mantaza xuc tac cho phan ung thuy phan mantozo thanh glucozo. Cau 38: Trucmg hop khong xay ra phan umg hoa hoc la: C. Cac dung dich peptit diu hoa tan Cu(0H)2 thu dugc phiic chat co mau tim dac A. Sue khi S O , vao dung dich KMn04 trung. B. Sue khi NO2 vao dung dich NaOH D. Khi thuy phan dd'n ciing protein don gian se cho h6n hgp cac amino axit. C. Sue khi O, vao dung dich K I Cau 45: Cho cac chat sau: diety ete, vinyl axetat, saccarozo, tinh bdt, vinyl clorua, D. Sue khi CO, vao dd Na[Al(OH)4] hay NaA10,.2H,0). nilon -6,6. S6' chat trong day bi thuy phan trong m6i trucmg ki^m loang, nong la: Cau 39: Cho 0,15 mol h6n hop X gom H^NCjHsCCOOH), (axit glutamic) va A. 2 B. 3 C.4 D.5 (H3N)2C5Hc,COOH (lysin) vao 200 ml dung dich HCl I M , thu dugc dung dich Y. Cau 46: Phat bieu nao sau day diing? * Y phan ling vira he't v6i 400 ml dung dich NaOH I M . So mol axit glutamic trong A. Nhom bi thu d6ng co the hoa tan trong dung djch H2SO4 loang. 0,15 mol h6n hop X la: B. Nhom tan dugc trong dung dich NaOH la do nh6m phan ung true tiep vdi NaOH. A. 0,100 B. 0,075 C. 0,050 D. 0,125 C. Crom la kim loai cihig nhat trong so cac kim loai. cau 40: Ba chat huu co mach ho X, Y, Z c6 cung c6ng thiic phan tit CjHeO va co D. Cho nhom vao dung dich chiia NaNO, va NaOH, dun nong nhe tha'y co khi cac tinh chat sau: khong mau hoa nau trong kh6ng khi thoat ra. - X, Y deu phan ling vori dung djch brom trong H^O; C^u 47: Phat bieu nao sau day la dung? - Z chi tac dung vdfi brom khi co mat CH3COOH. ' A. Cho tinh the' Nal vao dung djch H2SO4 dac, dun nong thu dugc H I ' ' ' ; - X CO nhiet d6 soi cao hon Z. B- Sue khi a , vao dung djch NaOH loang, nong thu dugc nude Gia-ven. < Cac chat X, Y, Z Idn lirgt la: C. C6ng thu-c oxit cao nha't ciia flo la F2O7. A. CH3CH2CH20H,CH3COCH3,CH3CH2CHO E). Nudrc da co ca'u true mang tinh the phan tir. • B. C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 0 H , C H 2 = C H O C H 3 , C H 3 C H 2 C H O 48: H6n hgp X g6m hai axit hffu co no, don chiic, mach ho. Trung hoa 8,3 C. CH2 - CHOCH3,CH3COCH3,CH3CH2CHO gam X bang dung djch NaOH r6i co can dung djch sau phan utig thu dugc 11,6 gam muoi khan. Mat khac, ne'u cho 8,3 gam X tac dung vdri lugng du dung djch D. CH2 = C H C H 2 0 H , C H 3 C H 2 C H O , C H 3 C O C H 3 AgNO, trong N H , thi thu dugc 21,6 gam bac. C6ng thiic ciia hai axit la 247
cam nang On luygn thi DH 3 mi§n B^c - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hpc - Cii Thanh Toin Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vigt A. CH3COOH va C2H,COOH B. HCOOH va CH3COOH A. (CH3)2C CHCH2C(CH3) = CHCH2CH2OH C. C2H5COOH va C3H7COOH D. HCOOH va C2H5COOH B. ( C H 3 ) 2 C = C H C H 2 C H 2 C ( C H 3 ) = C H C H 2 0 H oif,)/; Cau 49: D6't chay hoan loan hop chat hffu co X, thu duac CO, va H^O c6 ty I f nio| C. C H 3 C H 2 C ( C H 3 ) = CHCH2CH2CH - CHCH2OH H„ J i^mL : } tucmg ung la 1: 1. Biet X c6 phan ling voi CuCOH), trong m6i truomg kiim khi dun D. C H 3 C H ( O H ) C H 2 C H 2 C H - C H - C H = C H C H 2 C H 3 ; o< nong. Chat X la: cau 56: Cho 9,1 gam chat hCai co X co cong thiJc phan til C j H c i O j N phan ihig vdi A.CH3CHO B. OHC-CHO C. CH3COCH3 D. CH2=CHCH20H 100 ml dung djch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phan ung xay ra hoan toan, c6 can dung Cau 50: Este X diroc di^u che tir mot ancol Y va mot amino axit Z. Ti khdi hoi ciia dich thu duoc 10,2 gam chat ran khan. C6ng thiic ca'u tao thu gon ciia X la: X so vdi H2 la 44,5. Cho 17,8 gam X phan iJng het vdi 250 ml dung djch NaOH A. C2H5COONH4 B. CH3COONH3CH3 I M , thu duofc dung djch T. C6 can dung djch T thu diroc m gam chat rSn khan. C. C H 3 C H ( N H 2 ) C O O H D. HCOONH3C2H5 ^ Gia trj cua m la: A. 19,4 B. 21,4 C. 24,2 D. 27,2 Cau 57: Cho so do chuyin hoa sau: -co" », t> Phan I I . Theo chuong trinh Nang cao (Tir cau 51 den cau 60) Cau 51: Y6'u t6' nao sau day khong anh hucmg d6'n t6'c d6 cua phan ling sau: CAc chat X, Y, Z Idn luot la: h ^. ,... 2H202(l)-2H20(l) + 02(k) A. Crl3,Crl2,Na[Cr(OH)4](hay NaCr02.2H20) A. Ap sua't B. Nong d6 H^O, C. Chat xuc tac D. Nhiet d6 B. Cr2(S04)3,CrS04,Na[Cr(OH)4](hayNaCr02.2H20) HHT? v v Cau 52: Co cac phat h\iu sau: C. Cr2(804)3,CrS04,Cr(OH)2 '^i' i (1) AgCl, AgBr, Agl deu tan trong dd NH, do tqo (ation phvtc [Ag(NH^jJ"^ (2) Nhunf> Id nhom vdo dung djch H2SO4 dav, ngudi thi Id nhdm tan dan. D. Crl3,Crl2,Cr(OH)2 O.V^^ (3) Thach cao song c6 cong tin'rc hod hoc Id CaS04.2H20 Cau 58: Co 4 cha't: (1) axit propionic, (2) axit acrylic, (3) phenol, (4) axit cacbonic. Chi^u giam tinh axit (tCr trai sang phai) cua cac cha't tren la: * (4) Cac kirn loai kiem thodeu co cau true mang tinh the lap phuang tarn dien. A. (2), (1), (4), (3) B. (1), (2), (3), (4) C. (2), (4), (1), (3) D. (2), (1), (3), (4) S6 phat bieu dung la: Cau 59: D6't chay hoan toan 0,25 mol h6n hop X g6m H 2 N R ( C 0 0 H ) ^ va A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1 Cau 53: Cho 49,6 gam h6n hop X gom Cu, Fe, Fe.Oj vao dung djch H2SO4 loang C„H2„+,COOH(x,n e N*), thu duoc 0,6 mol CO, va 0,675 mol H2O. Mat khac, (du), khua'y deu cho cac phan urng xay ra hoan loan tha'y co 2,4 gam kim loai 0,2 mol X phan ufng vira dii \6\g djch chiia a mol HCl. Gia trj ciia a la: kh6ng tan; 1,12 lit khi thoat ra (dktc) va thu duoc dung djch Y. Cho dung djch A. 0,12 B. 0,25 C. 0,20 D.0,10 NHj tori du vao dung djch Y, loc kd't tua rdi nung trong khong khi dd'n khoi Cau 60: Nung m gam h6n hop X gom Cu(N03)2 va AgNOj trong binh kin khong luong kh6ng d6i con lai 40 gam chat rSn khan. Ph^n tram kh6'i lucmg cua Cu chiia khong khi, sau phan ling hoan toan thu duoc cha't rdn Y va 10,64 lit h6n trong h6n hop X la: hop khi Z (dktc). Cho Y tac dung v6i dung djch HCl du, ket thiic phan ling con A. 4,83% B. 20,64% C. 24,19% D. 17,74% lai 16,2 gam cha't ran khong tan. Gia trj ciia m la: Cau 54: Day g6m cac chat d^u tac dung v6\H (xiic tac: HCl khan) la: A. 44,30 B. 52,80 C. 47,12 D. 52,50 A. Tinh b6t, xenluloza, fructoza, saccarozo. B. Tinh b6t, saccarozo, glucozo, mantozo. HI/6NG DAN GIAI C. Glucozo, fructozo, mantozo, saccarozo. ££u_l: Xet cac phuong an: D. Glucozo, fructozo, mantozo. 2NaCl * 2Na + CI2 (kh6ng sinh ra NaOH) Cau 55: Tir tinh dau hoa hong ngucfi ta tach duoc chat X. Ket qua phan tich cho (, ••001 =-G# ::;,;•:;,„ tha'y X CO phan tram khdi luomg cac nguydn t6': 77,922% C; 11,688% H, con U'' Si02 + Na2C03 ^—^Na2Si03 + CO2 la oxi. Ti khdi hoi cua X so vdi H , la 77. Khi oxi hoa X boi dung djch KMnOi NaHC03 + H 2 0 ; = t N a O H + H2CO3 (=> pH > 7 ) trong H3SO4 loang, thu duoc san phdm hiJu co g6m axeton, axit oxalic va axi' lenilic (CH3COCH2Q12COOH). C6ng thufc ca'u tao thu gon ciia X la: 2Na + 0 2 — ^ N a 2 0 2 XTTf" 949
Lam nany on luyen tin DH 3 mien uAc - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hgc - CD Thanh To&n Cty TMhri M W DWH Khang Vi^t => Phat bieu B diing. VI M x < 100.2 = 200 =>124.nn = l Dap an diing la B. Vay CTPT cua X la C^HgOj ':(tq mvj Cdu 2: Amin C„H2p_,_3N(x mol);anken C^H2^ jjr, Theobai ra: n^ = 18,6/124 = 0,15 (mol) = nf^30H =i> Phan tuf X CO vong benzen (n^^^ = 4) va c6 m6t nhom OH phenol (+NaOH) •J Mi JiJUK} ':/i>fi:) va 1 nhom OH ancol hoac 1 nhom OH phenol va 1 nhom ete. , ., ^ "H20 = "C02 Vay cac ca'u tao cija X: C „ H 2 n + 3 N — ^ n C 0 2 + ( n + l,5)H2O+0,5N2 1) 0 - H O - C 6 H 4 - C H 2 O H 2) m - HO - C6H4 - CH2OH ( 3) P - H O - C 6 H 4 -CH2OH 4) 0 - H 0 - C 6 H 4 - 0 - C H 3 , X —^ nx (n + l,5)x 0,5x 5) m - H O - C 6 H 4 - 0 - C H 3 6) p - HO - C6H4 - O - CH3 => nH20 -nco2 = 0'925-0,55 = 0,375 mol Q Dap an dung la D. f =>(n + l , 5 ) x - n x = 0,375 =^x = 0,25 0,.-,3, Chuj: PTHH: Vay V = 0,5x.22,4 = 0,5.0,25.22,4 = 2,80(l) HO - C6H4 - CH2OH + NaOH ^ NaO - C6H4 - CH2OH + H2O Dap an dung la A . HO - C6H4 - O - CH3 + NaOH ^ NaO - C6H4 - O - CH3 + H2O Cdu 3: PTHH xav ra: Cdu 6: Khi thu duoc la CO2 :nco2 = 1,12/22,4 = 0,05(mol) (1) 3Na2C03 + 2A1(N03)3 + 3 H 2 0 - > 2 A 1 ( 0 H ) ^ i + 6 N a N 0 3 +3CO2 Ke't tiia la CaCOj: n^^co^ = 5 /100 = 0,05(mol) 6NH3 +CUSO4 +2H20-^[Cu(NH3)J(OH)2 + ( N H 4 ) 2 S 0 4 HCl + Na2C03 NaCl + NaHC03 (2) KOH + Ca(HC03)2 -»CaC03 i +KHCO3 + H2O ' y ^ y ^ y (mol) (3) 5H2S + 2KMn04 + 3H2SO4 5S [ +K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + 8H2O ,, HCl + NaHC03 -> NaCl + CO2 T + H2O V X la: x - y = 0,05 Theo bai ra, ta c6: x = 0 , 1 5 ; y = 0,10 ls^2s^2p^3s^3p'* ( Z = 17 ^ N g u y e n toclo) trt 2 y - x = 0,05 S6' dan vj di6n tich hat nhan cua nguyen x6 Y: Dap an dung la D. C O M / : P T H H xay ra: Z y = 14,418.10-'V(l,602.10-'^) = 9 2A1 + Fe203 -> 2Fe + AI2O3 => Y la nguyen t6' flo Ban ddu: 0,25 0,15 0 0 Vay lien ket giSa F - CI la lien ket c6ng hoa tri c6 circ. Phan ling: 2x X 2x X Dap an diing la C. Con: (0,25-2x) (0,15-x) 2x X Chu v: Do am dien giOa F (3,98) va CI (3,16) la 3,98 - 3,16 = 0,82. ,fr Cdu 5: %0= 100 - 67,742 - 6,451 = 25,807 2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O 2Na Al(OH) I + 3H2 T r^«. v , ^ r ^ u r ^ - 67,742 6,451 25,807 Dat X la C,H,0,. Ta co: x : y : z = : : (0,25-2x) ' 1,5(0,25-2x) ' 12 1 16 = 5,65:6,45:1,61 = 7:8:2 AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na Al(OH)^ => CTPT X dang (C7Hg02 )^ Chat ran Z g6m: Fe^O, va Fe. 951
C^m nang On luy^n thi DH 3 miin BJc - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hqc - Cu inann roan Theo bai ra, ta c6: l , 5 . ( 0 , 2 5 - 2 x ) = 0,15 ^ x =0,075 Cdu II- Cdch 1: Dal CTPT xeton X la C „ H 2 „ 0 Vay: + Hieu sua't cua phan ung nhiet nh6m ( 0 , 2 5 / 2 < 0 , 1 5 / 1 =i> ti'nh theo A l ) : C„H2„0 • nC02 + n H 2 0 nco2 = " H 2 0 0,25 ' Theo bai ra: n^^o > " 0 0 2 ^ hidrocacbon Y la ankan C^H2n,+2 + K h o i lircmg chat rdn Z : • va n y = n H 2 0 - n c o 2 = 0 , 0 7 5 ( m o l ) . .:; m = mF^203 + m p , . = ( 0 , 1 5 - 0 , 0 7 5 ) . ! 60 +2.0,075.56 = 20,40(gam) Suy ra: n x = n ^ i - n y = 0 , 1 - 0 , 0 7 5 = 0,025 ( m o l ) Dap an dung la A . i t -V n...'i.k'^ Cdu8: Co so 66: M + O , ^ oxit CnH2n0^^nC02+nH20 J _ „. =>mo2 = l l , l - 6 , 3 = 4 , 8 ( g ) = » n o 2 = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l ) 0,025 0,025n 0 ;:vo Suy ra: ^ n ^ ( ^ , _ ) = n^(o^^) = 0,15.4 = 0,6 (mol) Cn,H2„,+2 ' n i C 0 2 + ( m + 1)H20 '' ' + .OTrHe.;' 0,075 ^ 0,075m » O2 + 4e 2 o) Taco: 0,025n+0,075m=0,45 = > n + 3 m = 18 ' Uhg vdi 12,6 gam M thi so mol electron do M nhucmg se la: Vi Y 6 the' long (dkt) nen m > 4. Vay cap n, m thoa man la: n = 3;m = ' 0 , 6 . 1 2 , 6 / 6 , 3 = l,2(moI) vay c6ng thu-c X , Y Ian luot: 2H++2e -.H2 X:C3H60:CH3COCH3 1,20,6(mol) • Y:C,H,2 .a.l!,.K,..: (So m o l e do H"^ nhAn bang s6' mol e do M nhuong). r Dap an dung la A . , vay V = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(0 Cdch 2: Cach giai nhanh bai n^y: Dap an dung la B. " ^ ' "H20 > "CO2 Y la ankan (vl la chat long ntn n > 4). ,, Cdu 9: Fructozo c6 cac ti'nh chat la: - S6'nguyen tiJr cacbon trung binh: nc = 0 , 4 5 / 0 , 1 = 4 , 5 (1) Co vj ngot => Y CO so nguyen tir cacbon trong phan tir > 4,5 \ (2) Tan trong nuoc X CO so nguyen tir cacbon trong phan tir < 4,5. _ (3) Tham gia phan ung trang bac (4) Hoa tan Cu(OH)2 6 nhiet do thuomg Dap an A dung. .^^^^. . _ Dap an dung la D . Caull. V I nH^o > nco2 Cdu 10: Cac chat phan ung vdi FeCNOj), va NaOH: => ancol va ete d^u no, mach h6 v^ dom chiJc C „ H 2 n + 2 0 n: 2A1 + 3 F e ( N O 0 2 ^ 3Fe + 2A1(N03)3 Taco: x = n H 2 0 - n c 0 2 = 0 , 9 9 - 0 , 8 1 = 0 , 1 8 ( m o l ) 2A1 + 2 N a O H + 6H2O ^ 2NaAl(OH)4 + 3H2 „ nco2 0,81 ^^ 12HC1 + 9 F e ( N O 0 2 ^ 5Fe(N03)3 + 4FeCl3 + 3 N 0 + 6H2O H C l + N a O H ^ NaCl + H j O t => C6ng thu-c chung cua M la C4 ^ H , , 0 (0,18 mol) ' - i'iO 12NaHS04 + 9 F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 ^ 6 N a 2 S 0 4 +5Fe(N03)3 +2Fe2(S04)3 + 3 N O + 6H2O C4 5 H , , 0 + 6 , 7 5 0 2 ^ 4,5C02+5,5H20 NaHS04 + NaOH ^ N a 2 S 0 4 + H2O 0,18(mol) 5 A g N O j + Fe(N03)2 ^ Fe(N03)3 + A g Vay: m = 0 , 1 8 . ( 1 2 . 4 , 5 + 1.11 + 1.16) = 14,58(g) 2 A g N 0 3 + 2NaOH ^ A g 2 0 + 2NaN03 + H2O V = 0,18.6,75.22,4 = 27,216 (/) Dap an diing la A . ,,4 Dap an diing la A . ^
dm nang On luy^n thi D H 3 mign B5C - Trung - Nam mOn H6a hpc - Cii Thanh ToAn Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t Chii y: Ancol no, ha, dom chiic va ete no, hd, dan chiic la d6ng phan nhom churc cua Cdu 1^' ^" '""^ ""^ phan ung hoa hoc. V i kim loai Fe nhau, d^u c6 c6ng thiic chung la C„H2„+20- """diuphan ling diroc vdi cac dung djch nay ndn d^u xua't hidn an mon hoa hoc: 1) Fe + 2 H C l ^ F e C l 2 + H2 T 2) Fe + 2FeCl3 ^ 3 F e C l 2 ' Khi dot chay thi nH20 > "002 "ancoi.ete = "HaO - n c o 2 , ; 3) Fe + 2 A g N O , Fe (NO3 \ 2Ag j 4) Fe + CUSO4 -> FeS04 + Cu j Cdu 13: Theobaira: HH^PQ^ = 0,1.1 = O,l(mol) £)ap an dung la A . ^ . 21,875.1,28.25 0^: Tmcmg hop F e / d d A g N 0 3 Fe/ddCuS04 , liic dau xua't hien an mon hoa "NaOH — = 0,175(mol) 100.40 hoc, sau do xua't hien an mon dien hoa (vi thoa man 3 dieu kien cua an mon dien NaOH + H3PO4 -^NaH2P04+H20 hoa). 0,1 ^ 0,1 - 0,1 (mol) g g « / 7 : Dat X la RCOOH; Y la R'OH |, C6n: 0,075 0 0,1 (mol) RCOOH + N a O H R C O O N a + H 2 O NaH2P04 + N a O H > Na2HP04 + H j O RCOOR'+ NaOH RCOONa + R OH (l) 0,075 ^ 0,075 -> 0,075 Con: 0,025 0 0,075 (mol) =^nRCOONa = "NaOH = 27/0,25 = 108 /o hi (V / Vay trong X c6 NaH2P04 va Na,HP04 =>R + 44 + 23 = 108=>R=41 ( C 3 H 3 - ) 0,025 _ 0,075 Do do axit la CjHjCOOH Dap an dung la B. Theobaira: HR.OH > n R c o o H i2 TheoPTHH: n^.Q^^^.^ = HRCOOR' Cdu 14: Khi a trang thai can bang cu: K^, i\ No . H • X ] " R ' O H > "RCOOH + "RCOOR' = "NaOH = ^'25 (mol) Khi a trang thai can bang mdi: Dodo: MR.OH< — = 38,4 - 0,25 NH. • = 16k^K C(c) R ' O H ( Y ) la C H 3 0 H ( M = 32 < 38,4) ^""(X|N.l).()/.lH,lf N, . H 21 Vay X, Y lin lugt la C3H5COOH va CH3OH VI T = const nen: K^^^^ = K^jn,] =>16k^ = l - ^ k = V Dap an d u n g la C. vay nong do NH3 giam 4 Mn. X + d d NaOH (du): Dap an dung 1^ A. Cdu 15: So do thuy phan pentapeptit X: HSOJ + O H - -> SO^- + H2O SOJ~ + Ba2+ -> BaSOj [ X .Gly + 2Ala + 2Val X -> x (mol) ' 1,6275/217 = 0,0075 (mol) *, X + d d HCl (du): X ->Ala-Gly+... HSO3- + H + ^ S 0 2 T + H 2 0 X ->Gly-Val + ... X —> X (mol) => X CO doan: — Ala — Gly — Val — vay cac CTCT phii hop ciia X la: =^x=0,28/22,4 = 0,0125 (mol) >nBaso3 "3^2+="83803 =0.0075 (mol) 1) Ala — G l v — V a l — Val — Ala 2) Ala — G l v — V a l — Ala — Val 3) Ala — Ala — G l v — V a l — Val 4) Val — Ala — G l v — V a l — Ala I pH = 13:^fH+ = 1 0 - ' ^ M =i>fOHr = 10-'Vl0-'^ = 10"'M = 0,lM 5) Ala — Val — Ala — Glv — Val 6) Val — Ala — Ala — G l v — V a l Dap an dung la D.