Chapter 9: ALKYL HALIDES

Chia sẻ: Huỳnh Đăng Khoa Khoa | Ngày: | Loại File: PPT | Số trang:28

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

131
lượt xem 25
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Common names: alkylhalide (chloride, bromide…). IUPAC names: halogeno + alkane (chloro, bromo…). Alkyl & halogen substituents are considered of equal rank.

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: Chapter 9: ALKYL HALIDES

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dr Nam T. S. Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering HCMC University of Technology Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 8647256 ext. 5681 Email: ptsnam@hcmut.edu.vn 1
Chapter 9: ALKYL HALIDES 2
NOMENCLATURE OF ALKYL HALIDES Common names: alkylhalide (chloride, bromide…) IUPAC names: halogeno + alkane (chloro, bromo…) 3
Alkyl & halogen substituents are considered of equal rank 4
PREPARATION OF ALKYL HALIDES Alkyl halides from alcohols Only in acidic conditions 5
Alkyl halides from alkenes More stable 6
Alkyl halides from alkanes Chlorination is much less selective 7
REACTIONS OF ALKYL HALIDES Very reactive Very unreactive With the same R 8
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS S 1 & S 2 – depending on alkyl structure, nucleophile 9
Functional group interconversions of 1o & 2o alkyl halides Elimination reactions will occur for 3 alkyl halides 10
Elimination reactions will occur for 3 alkyl halides 11
Williamson ether synthesis 12
Nucleophilic substitutions Eliminations 13
ELIMINATION REACTIONS In an elimination reaction: + Groups / atoms are eliminated from a reactant + A double bond is formed between the 2 carbons from which atoms are eliminated 14
15
16
Zaitsev’s product Hofmann’s product 17
GRIGNARD REAGENTS Strong base Strong nucleophile 18
REACTIONS OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS Strong base Grignard reagents readily react with acidic groups: 2 19 -OH, -NH , -NHR, -SH, -C≡ CH, -COOH
Reactions of Grignard reagents with aldehydes & ketones Only for the reaction of HCHO 20