CHIMH SACH THUE CUA TIRJC DAN PHAP 6<br />
*' >v'<br />
THA]\H PHO HAI DlJOlVG Tl/ NAM 1892 DEIV 1945<br />
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PHAM THI TUY^T*<br />
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thidt ldp nhflng ngudn thu dae biet tai mdt<br />
H g thdng thud cfla thflc dan Phap d<br />
Ddng Dfldng dUde ehia thanh 2 loai<br />
ed ban la: thue triic thu (ddnh cho ngan<br />
so' trung tam dd thi d Bic Ky ddnh cho cac<br />
chi phf ve chieu sang, dfldng sa, bao dfldng<br />
sach hang xfl) va thud gian thu (ddnh eho cae tda nhd edng cgng... eua chfnh cac trung<br />
ngan sach Ddng Dfldng). Tuy nhien, khi tam dd. Ngudn thu ndy bao gdm cac loai<br />
ban hanh chfnh sach thue, chfnh quyen thue ea nhan, thud hd'phan va rac thai, thud<br />
thugc dia Phap d Ddng Dfldng thfldng can thu gifl tang vat, cac loai tien phat, tien cip<br />
cfl vdo sfl khac bi$t cua cac ddi tfldng hi gia'y phep, thud Id md, thud xe keo, thue chd<br />
danh thud, cac dia phUdng, cdc vung mien va 1/10 thud mdn bai. Hai Dfldng, Sdn Tay,<br />
de dinh ra cae loai thud va mflc thue khac Bic Ninh la nhflng trung tam dd thi dfldc<br />
nhau. b eac thanh phd ldn, cac trung tam dat dfldi chd do eua Nghi dinh nay. Tuy<br />
do thi, thfl phu cua cac tinh Id nhflng ndi tap nhien, dinh mflc thue dd'i vdi mdi dd thi dfldc<br />
trung ddng dan cfl, ed dieu kien thudn ldi hdn quy dinh bing cac Nghi dinh rieng.<br />
trong phat trien kinh te - xa hgi nen che do Theo tinh t h i n dd, Nghi dinh sd 608 cua<br />
thue cung cd sfl khdc biet so vdi cac vung Todn quyen Ddng Dfldng ve viec thiet lap<br />
ngoai dd thi. Ngoai nhflng khoan thue ddng ngan sach dae bigt cua dd thi Hai Dfldng<br />
cho ngan sach Ddng Dfldng vk ngan sach dfldc ban hanh cung ngay (8-11-1892) vdi<br />
hang xfl, dan cfl d cdc dd thi cdn phai ddng nhflng quy dinh cu the ve cac loai thud ca<br />
them cac loai thue eho ngdn sach dd thi. nhan, thud nha dat va thud chieu sang dfldc<br />
Trong bai viet nay, chung tdi se de cdp den phep thu trong gidi han dd thi (gidi ban ndy<br />
mgt sd' loai thud dfldc chfnh quyen thiic dan dfldc xac dinh cu the trong Nghi dinh 31-12-<br />
ap dung rieng cho dan eU dd thi Hai DUdng 1892 eua Thdng sfl Bic Ky). Theo Nghi dinh<br />
(nam 1923 Id Thanh phd Hai DUdng) de gdp sd 608, cac loai thud ea nhan danh vao dan<br />
phin ldm rd hdn sii khac bigt trong chfnh cfl dd thi Hai Dfldng bao gdm: thud than va<br />
sach thud cfla thiic dan Phap b tiing dia thud lao dich cua ngfldi ban xfl, thud dae<br />
phUdng. bigt cua ngfldi A kieu va mgt loai thud danh<br />
eho t i t ca cae thfldng gia, ke ea ngfldi Au,<br />
1. Thue ca n h a n ngfldi ban xfl va ngfldi A kieu. Cdn eac loai<br />
Ngay 8-11-1892 Toan quyen Ddng thue khac nhU thud hd' phan va rac thai,<br />
Dudng ban hanh Nghi dinh so' 605 ve viec thud lUu gifl tang vat, cac loai tien phat.<br />
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Th.S. Trfldng Dai hgc Sfl pham Ha Ngi<br />
62 Rghi&i ciiru Ljch sfl. sg 3.2010<br />
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thud cip phdp cae loai giiy td, thue Id md, nhflng ngUdi nay deu dUde hudng eung mdt<br />
thud xe keo, thud chd... dfldc quy dinh bdi ldi fch ve chieu sang, ve dUdng sa, ve an<br />
Nghi dinh cfla Thd'ng sfl Bic Ky ngdy 31-12- ninh... nen hg phai cd nghla vu ddng gdp<br />
1892. eho nhflng chi phf cfla cac hoat dgng dd (4).<br />
Thflc chit, day chfnh la mgt loai thue than<br />
1.1. Thue thdn vd thue lao dich cua<br />
danh vao dan cfl dd thi. Mac du ve hinh<br />
ngUdi bdn xii<br />
thflc thi dinh mflc thue t h i p hdn so vdi<br />
TrUdc khi cd Nghi dinh 2-6-1897 cfla thud than cfla dan ngi dinh ngodi dd thi,<br />
Todn quyen Ddng DUdng ve che do thud nhflng vdi ddi tfldng ddng thud ddng hdn<br />
than ddi vdi dan Bic Ky, chi cd dan ngi nen sd thud thu dfldc van se nhieu hdn. Vdi<br />
dinh mdi phai ddng thud than vk di lao chfnh sach dd, thflc dan Phap se dat dfldc<br />
dich. Mflc thud than nop b i n g tien theo mue dfch tang tdi da ngudn thu eho ngan<br />
quy dinh eua trieu dinh Hue \k 1 quan 5 sach dd thi n h i m dap flng nhflng nhu ciu<br />
tien (tfnh theo ddng bac Ddng Dfldng hdi chi tieu eho cac hoat dgng cfla dd thi.<br />
biy gid la Od 315) (1). NhU vay, dd'i vdi dan<br />
Ngoai ra, Nghi dinh nay cdn quy dinh<br />
cU mgt sd dd thi, khi dd "dang d trdng mgt<br />
them: dd'i vdi nhflng ngfldi thugc dign ddng<br />
dieu kign dae biet, ehUa dUde phan hang la<br />
thud hang 1 cdn phai ddng them moi nam 2<br />
ngi dinh vk ngoai dinh nhU dan cfl ngoai dd<br />
ddng ve viec mua lai cac sflu dich. Chi<br />
thi" (2) dfldng nhien se khdng cd cd sd de ap<br />
nhflng cdng nhan, vien chflc dang tai chflc<br />
dung loai thud nay vk hg cung se khdng<br />
mdi dfldc mien loai thud ndy (5). Thflc chit,<br />
phai di lao dich. N h i m tdn dung ngudn thu<br />
day chfnh la hinh thflc b i t huge ngfldi dan<br />
ldn cdn dang bi bd sdt do chfnh sach thud<br />
phai chudc b i n g tien thay cho nhflng ngay<br />
cua trieu dinh Hue, Nghi dinh 8-11-1892<br />
di lao dich lam "vigc nfldc", mdt quy che ma<br />
cua Toan quyen Ddng Dfldng ve vigc thidt<br />
tfl nam 1897 dUde ap dung rgng rai ddi vdi<br />
ldp ngan sach ddc bigt cho cae dd thi d Bic<br />
ta't ca dan ngi dinh b Bic Ky.<br />
Ky da dfla ra nhflng quy che mdi ve each<br />
danh thud ddi vdi dan cfl d nhflng ndi ndy. Mac du tfl nam 1896, ngan sach dd thi<br />
Hai DUdng khdng cdn tdn tai rieng bigt (6),<br />
Theo Nghi dinh sd 608, dan ban xfl d dd vk eung trong nam nay Toan quyen Ddng<br />
thi Hai Dfldng khi ddng thud dd thi dfldc<br />
DUdng ban hdnh Nghi dinh mdi (23-2-1896)<br />
phan lam 2 hang vdi mflc ddng gdp nhfl<br />
sfla ddi lai cac loai thue d dd thi Hai DUdng,<br />
sau:<br />
nhUng cac dinh mflc thud than vk thue lao<br />
Hang 1 - Ddn dng khde manh cd do tudi dich ddnh eho ngUdi ban xfl b day v i n gifl<br />
tfl 18 den 54, khdng dfldc mien trfl theo nguyen nhU cu va cd higu lUc cho den het<br />
luat cua ban xfl ve ddng gdp ea nhan vk nam 1920. Tuy nhien, ngay tfl nam 1898,<br />
khdng ed nghe tai nhd: 0d30. khi Phap thiet ldp ngan sach chung cho<br />
toan Ddng DUdng thi cac loai thue trUc thu<br />
Hang 2 - NhQng ngfldi dan khdng thugc<br />
(trong dd cd thud than va thud lao dich cfla<br />
loai tren: 0dl5 (3).<br />
dan ban xfl) d Hai Dfldng dfldc danh eho<br />
Nhu vay, ddi tUdng ap dung cua loai ngan sach Bic Ky. Sau khi Toan quyen<br />
thue ndy la t i t ca dan ban xfl sd'ng trong dd Ddng Dfldng ra Nghi dinh ngdy 29-12-1920<br />
thi, khdng phan bigt gid, tre, gai, trai, nghe ve viec ap dung mflc thud than cho t i t ca<br />
nghiep, chflc vu. Ly do dfldc dUa ra \k tat ea cac s u i t dinh khoe manh ngffldi An Nam b<br />
Chinh sach thug cfla thuc dan Ph6p... 63<br />
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Bang 1: Bieu t h u e t h a n theo Nghi dinh 3-9-1920 (7) va t h u e phu thu theo<br />
Nghi dinh 14-11-1923 (8) cua ngfldi A kieu fl Hai DUUng<br />
Phan hang D d i tUo'ng d o n g t h u e Thue than T h u e phu t h u<br />
Hang 1 Thfldng gia ddng thue mon bai ngoai 150d00 3d00<br />
hang; hang 6 mflc d i u tien cua thue<br />
mon bai d i e biet; dien chu ddng thue tfl<br />
50d trd len/nam.<br />
Hang 2 Thfldng gia dong thue mon bai hang 7 lOOdOO 2d50<br />
va 8 cua loai dae bigt; 2 hang d i u tien<br />
cua loai thong thUdng; dien chu dong<br />
t h u e mflc 40d - 49dJn&m.<br />
H^ng3 Thfldng gia nop thue mon bai hang 3,4,5 50d00 2d00<br />
cua loai thong thUdng; dien chu ddng<br />
t h u e 20d - 39dJn&m.<br />
Hang 4 Cac doi tUdng con lai 12d00 IdSO<br />
Bic Ky tfl 18 den 60 tudi la 2d50 thi tfl dd Hai Phdng la nhflng ndi ngfldi A kieu cd<br />
trd ve sau, dan ban xfl d Hai Dfldng ddng dieu kign budn ban thudn ldi hdn. Vi vay,<br />
thud than theo nhflng quy dinh chung. ngay 3-7-1894, Toan quyen Ddng Dfldng<br />
1.2. Thue dgc biet cua ngUdi A kiiu da phai ra Nghi dinh bai bd loai thud nay<br />
Ciing gidng nhfl d cac dd thi Nam Dinh, dd'i vdi ngfldi A kieu d t i t ea cac dd thi<br />
Sdn Tay, Bic Ninh va Phu Lang Thfldng, thugc Bic Ky va cho phdp nhflng ngfldi da<br />
ngfldi A kieu sinh sd'ng d Hai Dfldng ngoai vigc ddng thud cua nam 1894 se dfldc hoan tra<br />
ddng thud than eho ngan sach bao hg, hg cdn lai (12). Mue dich eua vigc bai bo loai thue<br />
phai ddng them mgt loai thud dae bigt eho nay la n h i m thu hut them ngfldi A kieu ve<br />
ngan sach do thi. Tuy nhien, each phan hang cac trung tam dd thi kinh doanh, budn<br />
va dinh mflc eu the eua loai thud nay trong bdn, tao dieu kign thiic diy sfl phat trien<br />
tiing dd thi khdng gid'ng nhau. 6 Hai Dfldng, thfldng mai d nhflng ndi nay. Lam nhfl<br />
ngfldi A kieu dfldc phan lam 4 hang vdi cac vay, ngan sach dd thi tuy m i t di mgt<br />
mflc thue nhfl sau: Hang 1: 15d00; Hang 2: ngudn thu, nhflng bu lai, ngan sach bao<br />
5d00; Hang 3: 2d00; Hang 4: IdOO (9). hd lai thu ve mgt khoan ldn hdn tfl thud<br />
So vdi d Sdn Tdy, loai thud nay dfldc mdn bai.<br />
danh theo 4 mflc tfldng tfl la 20d00; 5d00; Sau 30 nam bai bd loai thud dae bigt<br />
2d00 va IdOO (10), cdn d Bic Ninh chi cd 2 nay, vdi Nghi dinh cua Thdng sfl Bic Ky<br />
mflc la 3dOO va IdOO (11). Sfl khac biet ve ban hdnh ngay 14-11-1923, chinh quyen<br />
dinh mflc thud gifla cae dd thi cd the do bao hg lai tim each thiet lap rngt bieu thud<br />
nhu ciu ve ngan sach, hoac cd the do dae mdi danh rieng vdo dan A kieu d Hai<br />
diem nganh nghe, dieu kign kinh doanh Dfldng vdi ten ggi \k thue phu thu nop eho<br />
cfla ngfldi A kieu d tflng ndi khdng gid'ng ngan sach Bic Ky cung vdi thue than. Loai<br />
nhau. Tuy nhien, sfl b i t hdp ly cua sic thud nay cung dfldc phdn thanh 4 hang<br />
thud nay la d chd nd ehi ap dung cho mgt theo each phan hang cua loai thud than ap<br />
sd trung tam dd thi d Bic Ky trong khi dung eho cung ddi tfldng theo Nghi dinh<br />
khdng ap dung d hai thdnh phd' Hd Ndi vk ngay 3-9-1920. Cu the nhfl bang 1.<br />
64 Rghien emi Ljch sfl. sg 3.2010<br />
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Nhfl vdy, so vdi loai thud dae biet nam cac ddi tfldng la thUdng gia, ma thdi gian<br />
1892 thi loai thud phu thu doi vdi dan A ddng loai thue nay cung r i t ngin. Chi'nh<br />
kieu luc ndy da cd nhieu thay ddi. Dinh sach nay td rd sU Uu dai cfla chfnh quyen<br />
mflc thud gifla cac hang ehi chenh lech thugc dia dd'i vdi ngUdi Au.<br />
nhau OdSO, dae biet la thud phu thu hang 1 Tfl nam 1924, theo Nghi dinh 12-12-<br />
va hang 2 thap hdn r i t nhieu so vdi loai 1923 cfla Toan quyen Ddng Dfldng, Thanh<br />
thud dae biet eung hang trfldc day, nhflng phd Hai Dfldng se cd ngan sach rieng va'<br />
ngflde lai, thud phu thu hang 4 lai tang mgt trong sd cac ngudn thu cfla ngan sach<br />
them 0d50 so vdi thud dae bigt cung hang. nay la ti lg p h i n tram bd sung cfla cac loai<br />
Cach danh thud nay ve mat hinh thflc cd ve thue trflc thu nop cho ngan sach Bic Ky<br />
nhfl nhg hdn vk edng b i n g hdn nhflng thflc (thue ea nhan, thud mdn bai...). Do vdy,<br />
chit day chfnh la mgt thu doan tang thue ngoai cac loai thue tnic thu ddng cho ngan<br />
eua thflc dan Phap. Bdi le ngfldi A kieu d sach Bic Ky, ngfldi dan Thanh phd Hai<br />
Hai Dfldng thugc ddi tfldng ddng thud hang Dfldng (bat ke la ngfldi Au, ngfldi A kieu<br />
1 va hang 2 khdng nhieu, ma chu yeu la dd'i hay ngfldi ban xfl) hang nam cdn phai ddng<br />
tfldng ddng thue hang 3 va hang 4, nen vdi them cho ngan sach thdnh phd loai thue<br />
each danh thud mdi nay, chfnh quyen bao theo ti le p h i n tram bd sung cfla thud tnic<br />
hg v i n se dam bao dfldc vigc tang ngudn thu. Dinh mflc thue cu the trong tflng nam<br />
thu cho ngan sach. se do fly ban t h a n h phd quyet dinh nhflng<br />
khdng dfldc vfldt qua mflc tdi da theo quy<br />
1.3. Thue cda thuang gia<br />
dinh cua Thdng sfl Bic Ky.<br />
Cung v i n theo Nghi dinh sd 608, tat ca<br />
2. Thue nha dat<br />
cac thfldng gia khdng ke la ngfldi Au, ngfldi<br />
ban xfl hay ngfldi a kieu deu phai ddng mgt Nhflng quy dinh ve thud nha d i t b dd<br />
loai thud hang nam tfl OdSO den 5dOO tuy thi Hai Dfldng chfnh thflc dfldc ban hanh<br />
theo loai hdng hda budn ban vk dfla theo sfl l i n dau tien trong Nghi dinh cfla Toan<br />
phan hang eua Nghi dinh 15-4-1890 ve vigc quyen Ddng Dfldng ngay 8-11-1892. Theo<br />
danh thue mdn bdi. Mflc thud dfldc quy dd, nha va d i t dUde phan loai de ddnh thue<br />
dinh nhfl thd'ng ke d bang 2. vdi eac mflc nhfl sau (13):<br />
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Bang 2: Bieu t h u e ca n h a n cua thUotng gia theo Nghi dinh 15-4-1890 (14)<br />
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Phan hang 4 hang dau Hang 5 Hang 6 Hang 7 Hang 8 Hang 9<br />
Mijfc t h u e 5d00 4d00 3d00 2d00 IdOO 0d50<br />
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Tuy nhien, cho den khi Todn quyen - Loai 1: Nha d b i n g gach, cfla hang,<br />
Dong Dfldng ban hanh Nghi dinh mdi (23- nha eua cac thfldng gia, cac hg gia dinh kha<br />
2-1896) ve viec thd'ng n h i t cac loai thue thu gia ed hodc khdng cd nghe nghiep, mflc<br />
trong dd thi Hai Dfldng thi cac thfldng gia d thue0d04/m^<br />
day khdng cdn phai ddng loai thud ndy nfla. - Loai 2: Nha b, ciia hang, nha cfla cac<br />
Nhu vciy, trong so' ba loai thud ea nhan ap thfldng gia nhd, eac hg gia dinh kdm kha<br />
dung rieng cho dd thi Hai DUdng thi ngUdi gia hdn, vien chflc cap t h i p , cdng nhan,<br />
Au chl phai ddng mgt loai thud danh cho phu khudn vac, d i t dai va nha phu cac loai<br />
Chinh sach thue ci^a thuc dan Phap.. 65<br />
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cfla cae nha bi danh thud loai 1, mflc thud ThU hai, thud nha khdng tfnh theo mdt<br />
0d02/m2. vudng nhu trUde ma ehi tfnh theo tflng<br />
loai nha; dd'i vdi d i t khdng ed nha cung chi<br />
- cac loai nha tranh cd dign tfch dfldi<br />
ap dung mgt mflc thud chung la 0d50,<br />
25m^, cac tda nhd cdng cgng, nha danh cho<br />
khdng phan bigt dign tfch va vi trf. Cach<br />
cac hoat dgng thd cung dfldc mien thue.<br />
phan Igai nay ed nhieu diem bat hdp ly.<br />
- Cac khu d i t rgng n i m canh cac con Cu the nhfl tieu chf phan loai nha khdng<br />
dfldng cd he thdng chieu sang phai ngp rd rdng, khdng cd ed sd nao de phan dinh<br />
thud chieu sang vdi mflc Od20/m dai, nhflng mgt cdch rach rdi gifla nha b i n g gach, mai<br />
mflc thud ndy td'i da khdng vfldt qua 5dOO. ngdi (loai 1) vk nha b i n g gach, mai ngdi<br />
nhflng nhd hdn (loai 2), hay gifla nhd<br />
Vdi nhflng quy dinh nay, vigc phan loai<br />
tranh to rgng Qoai 3) va nha tranh nhflng<br />
nha khdng chi dfla tren cd sd dign tfch hay<br />
nhd hdn (loai 4). Chfnh dieu nay se gay<br />
vat lieu lam nha ma cdn dfla vao mflc thu<br />
khd khan trong each tfnh thud va tao ke<br />
nhap va nghe nghiep cua chu nha. Tuy<br />
hd cho vigc gian lan thue, do dd eung se<br />
nhien, cd mgt sd diem trong quy dinh chfla<br />
gay ra sfl m i t edng bing, vi se cd trfldng<br />
that rd rang de d i n den nhflng sai lech<br />
hdp nha bi danh thud loai cao nhflng lai<br />
trong each phan loai nha de danh thue. Dd<br />
dfla xud'ng loai tha'p va ngflde lai, nhd bi<br />
la chfla cd nhflng tieu chf cu the de phan<br />
danh thud loai tha'p lai day len loai cao<br />
biet gifla "thfldng gia" va "thfldng gia nhd",<br />
hdn. Viec danh ddng thud d i t thanh mgt<br />
gifla "hd gia dinh kha gia" va "hg gia dinh<br />
loai cung la khdng cdng bing. .,8!<br />
k6m kha gia hdn", hoac trong cung mgt gia<br />
dinh ed nhieu ngfldi ldm nhieu nghe khac ThU ba, each danh thue nay se r i t ed ldi<br />
nhau thi thud nha se danh theo loai ndo. eho nhflng dd'i tfldng cd nha to, d i t rgng,<br />
giap dfldng ldn, nhflng ngflde lai khdng cd<br />
Tfl nam 1896, khi ngan sach rieng cua<br />
ldi eho nhflng ddi tfldng cd nha nhd, d i t<br />
cac dd thi bi ggp chung vao ngan sa-ch hdng<br />
hgp, trong ngd hem. Dieu nay se dfldc the<br />
tinh cung la lue chi'nh quyen bao hg thay<br />
hign rd trong bang 4.<br />
ddi each danh thud dd'i vdi cae loai nhd va<br />
dit d dd thi. Nghi dinh eua Toan quyen Bieu thud nay dem ap dung chfla diy 2<br />
'Ddng Dfldng ngay 23-2-1896 dfla ra quy nam thi lai dfldc thay the bing mdt bieu<br />
dinh mdi ve thud nhd dd't d dd thi Hai thud mdi. Ngay 5-12-1897, khi ban hanh<br />
Dfldng (xem bang 3). Nghi dinh ve viec thay ddi dia gidi eua dd<br />
thi Hai Dfldng, Todn quyen Ddng Dfldng<br />
So vdi nhflng quy dinh cua Nghi dinh 8-<br />
eung dieu ehinh ludn each phan loai nha<br />
11-1892 thi each danh thue mdi nay cd<br />
dat va each tinh thud mdi theo 6 loai nhfl<br />
nhidu diem khac bigt. Dd la: 3'• -"* - •'<br />
thd'ng ke d bang 5.<br />
Thit nhd't, ddi tfldng hi danh thud md Ngi dung dfldc dieu ehinh trong Nghi<br />
rgng hdn trfldc, bao gdm tat ca cac loai nha dinh nay la vigc tach rieng nha gach mai<br />
va da't trong pham vi cfla Hai Dfldng, ke ea ngdi nhflng nhd vk nha gach mai tranh<br />
nha tranh loai nhd dudi 25m^va d i t khdng thanh mgt loai (loai 2) de phan bigt vdi loai<br />
nim canh nhflng con dfldng ed he thdng nha tranh nhflng to rgng va ddnh mflc thud<br />
chieu sang la nhflng ddi tfldng trUde day cao hdn (5d00/nha), ddng thdi loai d i t trdng<br />
khdng bi danh thud. cay trong gidi han dd thi trfldc day khdng<br />
66 Rghi&i CUT! Ljch sfl. sg 3.2010<br />
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Bang 3: Bieu t h u e n h a da't fl do thi Hai Dxidng theo Nghi d i n h 23-2-1896 (15)<br />
P h a n loai Ddi tU^ng ap d u n g Thue h a n g n&m<br />
Loai 1 Nha gach, mai ngdi 7d00<br />
Nha gach, mai ngdi nhflng nhd hdn, nha tranh<br />
Loai 2 3d00<br />
nhflng to rgng<br />
Loai 3 Nha tranh nhflng nhd hdn IdOO<br />
Loai 4 Dit khong eo nha 0d50<br />
Khong phan loai Cac tda nha cong cgng, cac ndi danh cho vigc thd eiing Miin thud<br />
<br />
Bang 4: So s a n h miic t h u e n h a dat theo Nghi dinh 8-11-1892 va Nghi dinh 23-2-1896<br />
<br />
Mijfc t h u e quy Mtfc t h u e<br />
P h a n loai n h a Nhan x6t<br />
dinh n&m quy d i n h<br />
1892 n&m 1896<br />
Nha gach, mai ngoi c6 dien tich > =200m^ > = 8d00 7d00 Giam thue<br />
Nha tranh loai to rgng, co dien tich > = > = 4d00 3d00 Giam thue<br />
100m'<br />
Nha tranh loai nhd, co dien tich 25-30m^ 0d50-0d60 IdOO Tang thue<br />
Nha tranh cd dien tich dudi 25m' Mien thud IdOO Tang thue<br />
Dit nim ben dudng co hg tho'ng chieu Id00-4d00 0d50 Giam thue<br />
sang, chieu dai canh giap dudng 5-20m<br />
Dit khong nim ben dUdng cd hg tho'ng Mien thue 0d50 Tang thue<br />
chieu sang, khong tinh dien tich<br />
<br />
Bang 5: Bieu t h u e n h a dat fl do thi Hai DUUng theo Nghj d i n h 5-12-1897 (16)<br />
P h a n loai Ddi tU^ng ap d u n g Thue hang nSm<br />
Loai 1 Nha gach cd tang, hoac mai ngdi c6 nhieu gian 7d00<br />
Loai 2 Nha gach mai ngdi nhUng nho hdn hoae nha gach mai<br />
5d00<br />
tranh<br />
Loai 3 Nha tranh nhflng to rong 3d00<br />
Loai 4 Nha tranh nhUng nho hdn IdOO<br />
Loai 5 Da't tro'ng khong cd nha 0d50<br />
Loai 6 Dit trdng cay, khong ke cac khu vUdn thugc cac nha Theo loai cay va<br />
theo ND 2-6-1897<br />
phan loai de danh thud thi nay cung bi hanh Nghi dinh mdi (27-12-1899) ve vigc<br />
ddnh thud. Sfl dieu chinh ndy mgt mat la thdng nha't cac loai thue nha d i t trong t i t<br />
do hoat dgng xay dflng d Hai Dfldng dang ea cac trung tam hanh chfnh va thfl phfl<br />
dfldc xuc tien d i n den nhflng thay ddi ve cfla cac tinh Bic Ky thi nhflng han che dd<br />
loai hinh nhd, dat nhflng mat khac cung la mdi dfldc k h i c phuc. Theo Nghi dinh nay,<br />
each de chfnh quyen thflc dan tang thud. thud nha d i t b do thi b i t d i u tfl ngay 1-1-<br />
Muc dfch tang thud da dat dfldc nhflng 1900 se dfldc tfnh theo mdt vudng va theo<br />
nhflng diem b i t hdp ly cua Nghi dinh 23-2- vung nhfl thd'ng ke d bang 6.<br />
1896 lai chfla dfldc khic phuc, bdi nhflng Ddi vdi cac day nhd phu va cdng trinh phu<br />
tieu chi phan loai nhd v i n khdng rd rang. nim d phfa sau dfldng dfldc danh thue dfla<br />
Phai den khi Toan quyen Ddng Dfldng ban theo vvmg thip hdn so vdi vvuig ma cae tda nha<br />
Chtnh s a c h thug cfla thuc dan Phap... 67<br />
<br />
<br />
B a n g 6: B i e u t h u e n h a d a t a p d u n g t r o n g t a t c a c a c t r u n g t a m h a n h c h i n h v a thfl<br />
p h u c u a cAc t i n h B i c Ky t h e o Ngh} d i n h 27-12-1899 (17)<br />
<br />
P h a n loai D d i tUging kp d u n g DUn v i t i n h Vung 1 Vung 2 Vung 3<br />
Loai 1 N h a gach cd t i n g m'/nam 0d04 OdOS 0d025<br />
Loai 2 N h a gach khong c6 t i n g m'/nim 0d03 0d025 0d02<br />
Loai 3 Nha b i n g tranh, gd hoac tre m'/nam 0d015 OdOl 0d005<br />
Loai 4 D i t tro'ng m'/nam 0d0025 0d00125 0d000625<br />
<br />
B a n g 7: B i e u t h u e n h a d a t fl t h a n h p h d H a i DUo(ng t h e o N g h i d i n h 27-1-1925 (18)<br />
<br />
P h a n loai Doi tUdng a p d u n g D d n vi t i n h Vung 1 Vung 2<br />
Loai 1 Nha gach c6 t i n g m'/nam 0d06 Gd04<br />
Loai 2 Nha gach khong t i n g m'/nam 0d04 OdOS<br />
Loai 3 Nha tranh m'/nam 0d02 OdOl<br />
Loai 4 Dit khong c6 n h a n h u vUdn, m'/nam 0d0025 0d00125<br />
san, ao...<br />
<br />
Bang 8: Thue co' d;nh cua cac cong trinh xay diing trong pham vi t h i n h pho<br />
Hai DUofng theo Nghi djnh 12-12-1934 (19)<br />
<br />
Loai cong t r i n b Dien tich Didn tich Dien tich Dien tich<br />
0 - 200niq 200 - SOOmq 300 - 400mq trdn l.OOOmq<br />
A- Cdng trinh xdy bdng vita, muc<br />
dich did<br />
1- Nhi ridng hoic n h i dl cho •)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
thud bi?t lip c6 tiing 4d00 5d00 6d00 8d00<br />
2- Nhi rieng hoic n h i de cho<br />
thud bi?t lip 1 ting 3d00 4d00 5d00 6d00<br />
3- Cin hp c6 ting 2d00 3d00 4d00 5d00<br />
4- Cin hp 1 ting ld25 2d00 2d20 2d50<br />
B- Cdng trinh xdy ditng bang<br />
vda, diing cho muc dich cdng<br />
nghiip<br />
1- Nhi tiing lim khich s^n. . .J .-<br />
quin ci phd, n h i hing hay cac<br />
hinh thiic kinh doanh, nginh 7d00 9d00 12dOO 14d00<br />
nghd" khac<br />
• '?! < '<br />
2- Nhi 1 ting diing cho mvic dich<br />
cong nghipp v i thUdng m^i 6d00 8d00 lOdOO 12d00<br />
C- Cdng trinh xdy diing bang gd,<br />
mdi ngdi, nin nhd bdng vda hodc<br />
Idt ggch<br />
1- Ti't ca cac n h i rieng ld50 2d00 2d00 3d00<br />
2- Ti't ca cic cin hp 0d50 0d70 0d90 IdOO<br />
6S Rghien ciJru Ljch sfl. sg 3.2010<br />
<br />
chfnh dUdc phan loai. Cach danh thud nay vdi ngodi thud nha d i t thdng thfldng v i n tfnh<br />
nhiing tieu chf phan loai nhd dat eu the, rd theo met vudng va theo nam nhfl mflc cu,<br />
rang td ra edng bing va hdp ly hdn. Sau khi chfnh quyen thdnh phd dfldc phdp thu<br />
trung tam dd thi Hai DUdng dUde ehuyen them mdt loai "thud cd dinh" ddi vdi cac<br />
thanh Thdnh phd Hai DUdng (12-12-1923), edng trinh xay dflng dfldi dpng nha trong<br />
thud nha da't trong gidi han thdnh phd dUdc ap pham vi Thanh phd Hai Dfldng vdi nhieu<br />
dung theo Nghi dinh mdi cfla Thdng sfl Bic Ky mflc khac nhau (xem bang 8).<br />
ngay 14-11-1923, nhflng ve ed ban vin gifl<br />
Nhfl vdy, chi trfl nhflng nha tranh vach<br />
nguyen nhfl mflc cu theo Nghi dinh 27-12-<br />
dat, cdn lai h i u het cac loai nha, khdng ke<br />
1899, chi cd mgt vai diem dfldc dieu chinh lai<br />
la nha de d, cho thue hay de san xuit, kinh<br />
nhfl sau:<br />
doanh n i m trong gidi han Thanh phd Hai<br />
- Dia gidi Thanh phd Hai Dfldng dUde Dfldng deu phai ddng loai thud cd dinh.<br />
phan thdnh 2 vung nen thue nha d i t eung Mflc thud ma cae chfl nha phai ddng them<br />
tfnh theo 2 vung (vung 1 vk vung 2) va van hang nam t h i p nha't la OdSO va cao n h i t la<br />
gifl nguyen mflc eu. 14d00. Tuy nhien, each tinh thud nay chi<br />
- Cae day nha phu va cdng trinh phu xay dfldc ap dung trong vdng 1 nam. Ke tfl 1-1-<br />
dflng d vung 1 n i m sau dfldng edng cgng bi 1936, theo Nghi dinh 6-5-1936 cfla Thdng<br />
danh thud nhU mflc nhd d vung dd (20). sfl Bic Ky, thue nha dat d Thanh phd Hai<br />
Dfldng lai dfldc dieu chinh, trong dd ddi<br />
Tuy nhien, sau khi cd quydt dinh thdnh<br />
tfldng dfldc dieu chinh Id thud d i t va thud<br />
lap Thanh phd Hai Dfldng (12-12-1923),<br />
cd dinh, cdn cae loai thud nha (tfnh theo<br />
hoat dgng xay dflng nhd d trong cae khu<br />
dan cfl dien ra kha t i p n^p khdng chi trong mdt vudng va theo nam) v i n gifl nguyen<br />
pham vi khu vflc trung tam thdnh phd mflc cu. Thud dat dfldc phan lam 2 loai: dat<br />
(vung 1) ma cdn lan rgng ra ca khu vflc d khdng cd nha (loai 4) vdn theo mflc eu,<br />
ngoai trung tam (vung 2) lam bien ddi cdn da't vUdn, rugng lua, ao... Goal 5) hi<br />
manh me dien mao Thdnh phd' Hai Dfldng. danh thue d mflc thip hdn<br />
Khi dd, chfnh quyen thdnh phd tim each (0d0008/m2/nam dd'i vdi vung 1 va<br />
tang ngudn thu tfl thud b i n g vigc de nghi 0d0007/m2/nam dd'i vdi vung 2). Thud cd<br />
md rgng gidi han vung 1 va nang mflc thud dinh chi ap dung ddi vdi cac cdng trinh<br />
nha da't. Theo de nghi cua fly ban thanh xay b i n g vfla dung de b hoac dung cho<br />
phd, ngay 12-1-1925, Thdng sfl Bic Ky ban mue dfch cdng nghiep vk thfldng mai.<br />
hanh Nghi dinh ve vigc dieu ehinh gidi han Trong dd, loai nha d cd 2 dd'i tfldng hi danh<br />
vung 1 eua Thanh phd Hai Dfldng va ngay thud Id: nha rieng nhieu gian, cd t i n g va<br />
27-1-1925 ban hanh tiep Nghi dinh ve thud nha rieng nhieu gian, 1 t i n g vdi mflc thud<br />
nha d i t trong pham vi thanh phd' (xem 2d00/nam vk ld25/nam (21). Cdn ddi vdi<br />
bang 7). cae cdng trinh xay b i n g vfla dung cho muc<br />
dfch cdng nghiep hoac thfldng mai dfldc<br />
Nhu vay, mflc thud da't v i n gifl nguyen,<br />
phan loai de danh thue nhfl bang 9.<br />
nhflng thue mgt so' loai nha d ea 2 vung deu<br />
dfldc nang len tfl 0,005d den 0,02d/m2/nam. Nhfl vay, khac vdi loai nha b dfldc giam<br />
Cach danh thue nay dfldc duy tri eho den thue hoac mien thud cd dinh, cac cdng trinh<br />
cudi nam 1934. Theo quy dinh mdi cfla phuc vu muc dfch cdng nghiep hoac thfldng<br />
Thdng sfl Bic Ky (Nghi dinh 12-12-1934), mai lai bi tang thue mdi loai tfl Iden 2<br />
Chfnh s6ch thug cfla thue dan Phdp... 69<br />
<br />
ddng. Day cung la l i n dieu chinh cudi cung dung didu chinh ddi vdi thue xay dflng. Tren<br />
cua chinh quyen thugc dia dd'i vdi thud nha cd sd nghien cflu each tfnh thud eho hoat<br />
d i t d Thanh phd Hai Dfldng. dgng cip phdp xay dflng b do thi Hai Dfldng<br />
dfldc de cdp trong hai Nghi dinh nay, chung<br />
3. Thue xay dUng<br />
tdi lap thanh bang 10.<br />
Neu nhfl chfnh sach thud nha da't b dd thi<br />
Hai Dfldng dfldc thay ddi r i t nhieu lin vdi r i t Nhin vao bang tren ed the nhan thiy, ngi<br />
nhieu van ban khac nhau thi ngflde lai, doi dung dieu ehinh eua Nghi dinh 14-11-1923<br />
vdi thue xay dflng khdng ed qua nhieu van ve thue xay dflng the hien d sfl phan biet eu<br />
ban quy dinh ve dieu ndy. Tfl nam 1892 den the gifla nha gach ed ting vdi nha gach<br />
1940, ehi cd hai van ban quy dinh ve loai thud khdng ting; mdt sd loai thud dfldc dieu<br />
nay ap dung trong sud't hai giai doan 1892- chinh tang len nhflng khdng nhieu (thud xin<br />
1923 va 1924-1940. Van ban thfl n h i t la phdp sfla chfla nha gach cd ting va khdng<br />
Nghi dinh cua Toan quydn Ddng Dfldng ve ting); mdt sdloai thud khdc dfldc dieu ehinh<br />
vigc xac dinh dia gidi dd thi Hai Dfldng va cac giam xudng (thud xin ph6p sfla chfla nha<br />
loai thud dfldc phdp thu cho ngan sach dd thi, tranh, xay dflng nha gach khdng ting va<br />
ban hanh ngay 31-12-1892. Van ban thfl hai xay dflng ciu tiu).<br />
la Nghi dinh cua Thd'ng sfl Bic Ky ve vigc Tuy nhien, cd the nhan tha'y mgt sd thay<br />
thay ddi chu vi cua dd thi Hai Dfldng, ban ddi trong eac quy dinh ve xay diing dd thi. Vf<br />
hanh ngay 14-11-1923, trong dd cd mgt sdngi du nhu, theo Nghi dinh 14-11-1923, khdng<br />
Bang 9: Thue co djnh ciia c i c cong trinh xay diing b i n g vufa diing cho muc dich cong nghidp<br />
h o i c thUoing m^i t r o n g phfim vi t h i n h pho Hai DUcfng theo Nghi djnh 6-5-1936 (22)<br />
<br />
Lo^i c o n g t r i n h Dien tich Didn tich Dien tich Dien tich<br />
0-200mq 200 - aOOmq 300 - lOOmq t r d n l.OOOmq<br />
N h i c6 t i n g 8d00 lOdOO 13d00 ISdOO<br />
Nhi 1 ting 7d00 9d00 12d00 16d00<br />
<br />
B a n g 10: T h u e x a y d i i n g i p d u n g 6r H a i DUcfng<br />
t h e o N g h j d j n h 31-12-1892 (23) v i N g h j d j n h 14-11-1923 (24)<br />
<br />
Yeu cau Loai cong t r i n h Miic t h u e t h e o Miic t h u ^ t h e o<br />
N D 31-12-1892 ND 14-11-1923<br />
Xac dinh moc gi6i Nhi gach 0d50<br />
Nhi tranh 0dl5<br />
Xac dinh chieu cao Nhi gach OdSO<br />
Nhi tranh 0dl5<br />
Nhi gach IdOO<br />
Xac djnh moc gidi, chi^u cao v i xin Nhi gach c6 t i n g IdOO<br />
phdp x i y dvIng Nhi gach khong t i n g OdSO<br />
Nhi tranh 0d30 0d30<br />
Nhi gach 0d25<br />
Xin phdp siia chfla n h i m i khong Nhi gach c6 t^ng Od50<br />
xac dinh chieu cao v i moc gidi Nhi gach khong t i n g 0d30<br />
Nhi tranh 0dl5 OdlO<br />
Xin phdp xay di^ng c i c cong trinh Ban cong, 6 v i n g . . . OdlO/m^<br />
chia ra dUdng cong cpng<br />
Xin phdp x i y di^ng C i u t i u , c i u bd'n OdlS/m^ 0d20/m<br />
70 Rghi&n curu Ljch sfl. sg 3.2010<br />
<br />
cdn loai thud danh rieng cho tiing yeu ciu Day la loai thud ap dung ridng trong<br />
xac dinh chieu eao hay moc gidi nha khi xay pham vi dd thi Hai Dfldng, mgt trong<br />
diing ma khdng phai xin phep. Dieu dd cd nhflng ngudn thu cfla ngan sach do thi, sau<br />
nghia \k ta't ca eac nha trong toan bd gidi han ndy la ngan sach Thanh phd Hai Dfldng<br />
dd thi Hai DUdng khi xay mdi deu b i t huge theo cac quy dinh trong Nghi dinh sd 605<br />
phai tuan thfl theo quy dinh chung ve chieu (8-11-1892) va Nghi dinh 12-12-1923 cfla<br />
cao, mdc gidi vk phai xin phdp. NgUdc lai, Toan quyen Ddng Dfldng. Tuy nhien, ban<br />
khdng ed loai thud cip phdp cho vigc xay d i u chi cd mgt mflc thue duy n h i t la<br />
diing eac cdng trinh chia ra dUdng cdng cdng. Od50/thang ap dung ddi vdi vigc cip giiy<br />
Dieu nay ciing ddng nghia vdi viec cac edng phdp lUu hanh cho xe kdo cho thue d dd thi<br />
trinh khi xay diing khdng dUde phep chia ra Hai DUdng (26). Phai den Nghi dinh 14-11-<br />
dudng edng cgng. Tat ca nhiing quy dinh nay 1923 cua Thdng sfl Bic Ky mdi ed nhflng<br />
deu ed y nghia rat ldn trong viec thiet lap trat quy dinh cu the ve cae mflc thud ddi vdi<br />
tu va bao dam my quan, van minh dd thi. tflng loai xe khac nhau (Xem bang 11).<br />
<br />
Diu nam 1940, Cdng sfl - Dde ly Hai Nhflng quy dinh nay cho tha'y da ed sfl<br />
Dfldng vi mud'n tang thud xay dflng nen da phan bigt ve dd'i tfldng hi danh thud va mflc<br />
hdp thflc hda dieu ndy bing viec liy y kidn thud cho tflng loai ddi tfldng. Xe d td va xe<br />
cua cac uy vien fly ban thanh phd' va de kdo cho thue eung chiu chung mgt mflc<br />
dang nhan dfldc sfl ddng thuan tfl phfa thud 0d20 de dfldc cip giiy phdp lUu hanh;<br />
nhflng ngfldi nay (30-1-1940). Theo quy dinh thud di lai ehi danh vao nhflng xe d td cho<br />
mdi, thud xin phdp xay diing nhd cd xac thue, khdng danh vdo nhflng xe d td rieng<br />
dinh mdc gidi, chieu cao khdng tinh theo ddn nhflng lai danh vao t i t ea eac loai xe kdo;<br />
vi "nha" nhu trUdc ma se tfnh theo ddn vi thud di lai eua xe d td cho thue (2d00) chi<br />
"mdt" vdi cac mflc nhfl sau: nhd gach cd cao g i p 2 l i n so vdi xe keo banh cao su va<br />
ting: 0d50/m; nhd gach khdng ting: 0d40/m; g i p 4 lan so vdi xe kdo khdng phai banh<br />
nha tranh: OdlO/m. Cdn thud xin phdp sfla cao su. Sau dd, mflc thue cfla xe khdng phai<br />
chfla nha v i n tfnh theo ddn vi "nha" nhflng banh eao su lai diidc nang len bing mflc<br />
dfldc dieu ehinh lai vdi 3 mflc la: nha gach cd cua xe banh cao su la IdOO/thang theo Nghi<br />
ting: IdOO/nhd; nha gach khdng ting: dinh eua Thd'ng sfl Bic Ky ngdy 16-6-1924.<br />
OdSO/nhd; nha tranh: OdlO/nha (25). Mflc Nhfl vay, chfnh quyen bao hd Phap da<br />
thud nay dfldc duy tri eho ddn khi ket thuc t h i n g tay danh thud ddi vdi nhflng ngfldi<br />
chd do thugc dia. dan ngheo di lam thue (dd'i tfldng phai ddng<br />
4. T h u e xe thud chfl ydu), cdn eac chfl phfldng tign ldn<br />
Bang 11: Thue xe ap dung d Thinh pho Hai DUdng theo Nghi djnh 14-11-1923 (27)<br />
STT Phan loai Dtfn vi tinh Miic thue<br />
1 Ci'p gia'y phdp lUu h i n h cho xe 6 to v i xe kdo cho thud gii'y phdp Od20<br />
2 Thud' di lai cua xe kdo banh cao su xe/thang IdOO<br />
3 Thud di lai cua xe kdo khong phai binh cao su xe/thang OdSO<br />
4 Thue' di lai ciia xe 6 to cho thue xe/thang 2d00<br />
5 Thue di lai ciia xe ba gac chd vit lieu xe/thing OdSO<br />
Chinh s6ch thug cfla thuc dan Phdp... 71<br />
<br />
la nhflng ngfldi giau cd thi lai dfldc hfldng lai khu chd d vi tri mdi (chd Ldn), r i t khang<br />
chfnh sdch thue flu dai. j trang n h i m dap flng nhu ciu budn ban<br />
5, Thue c h d -