O0C TRONG Cd(l THCrONG Nei TRONG - VIET<br />
Vfl PNflN TICH NGOYEN NHflN COfl NO<br />
LTS. Tif khi blnh thudng hda nam 1991 de'n nay, quan he thUdng mai Viet - Trung da phat trien nhanh<br />
chong. Tuy nhien, Viet Nam ludn la ben nhap sieu va mCrc nhap sieu cang gia tang tU 2002 den nay Lam the nao<br />
de giam nhap sieu, tien tdi can bang mau dich song phudng, la chu de thu hut su quan tam cua nhieu hpc gia.<br />
Tap chf Nghien ciiu Trung Qud'c dang bai viet cua PGS.TS Phan Kim Nga (Trung Quoc) vdi mgt so luan giai mdi.<br />
Xin gidi thieu cung ban doc.<br />
<br />
<br />
PGS.TS PHAN KIM NGA<br />
Vien Nghien ciiu Chu nghia Mdc<br />
Vien KHXH Trung Qudc<br />
<br />
<br />
^mmm d. khi binh thudng boa q u a n he hai nUdc ciing nbU nguyen nhan hinh<br />
r M nam 1991 den nay, quan he t h a n h cila nd bet sflc q u a n trgng. Vdi muc<br />
(__^^ kinh te thUdng mai T r u n g — dfch n h u vay, bai viet nay se diia vao so'<br />
Viet dUdc khoi phuc va p h a t trien n h a n h lieu thd'ng ke, k h a i q u a t dac trUng ciia<br />
chong. Kim ngach thUdng mai gifla hai thUdng mai hai nUdc, sau dd phan tich<br />
nudc t a bdn 30 trieu USD n a m 1991 len nguyen n h a n hinh t h a n h cua nhiing dac<br />
22,5 ty USD n a m 2009 '", t a n g gap g i n trUng ay, nha't la t a p t r u n g phan tfch<br />
700 lan. Trung Qud'c da trd t h a n h ban nguyen n h a n m a t can b i n g trong thUdng<br />
hang Idn nha't cua Viet Nam. Ldi fch mai giSa h a i nUdc, t r e n cd sd do dUa ra<br />
thUdng mai song phUdng m a n g lai cho hai mdt sd'y kien va kien nghi.<br />
nUdc la dieu de dang nhin tha'y. NhUng<br />
cung vdi thUdng mai song phUdng lien tuc I. THirC TRANG PHAT TRIEN VA<br />
tang trUdng, van de m a t can b i n g trong DAC TRUNG CUA THUONG MAI<br />
thUdng mai gida hai nUdc da ngay cang TRUNG - VIET<br />
bgc 16. Viet Nam b e t sac coi trong van de<br />
nhap sieu trong thUdng mai vdi T r u n g 1. Kim ngach thucmg mai lien tuc<br />
Qud'c. Mot so' hgc gia lo l i n g kinh te Viet tang cao<br />
Nam se bi a n h hUdng xau nen da kie'n T a khi hai nUdc binh thUdng boa quan<br />
nghi nen b a n che n h a p k h a u t a T r u n g be, quan he kinh te thUdng mai song<br />
Qud'c. Lam n h u vay se khdng cd ldi cho phUdng phat trien n h a n h chdng va the hien<br />
phat trien cua quan he kinh te thUdng mai rd ret nha't trong thUdng mai hang hda (xem<br />
song phadng t a nay ve sau. Trong luc nay, bang 1). Theo so' heu thd'ng ke cua Bo<br />
viec di sau p h a n tfch, khao sat thiic t r a n g ThUdng mai Trung Qud'c, nam 1991, kim<br />
phat trien va dac trUng ciia thUdng mai ngach thUdng mai hai nUdc chi dat 32,23<br />
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46 — NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUOC sd 2(102) - 2010<br />
PHAN KIM NGA<br />
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<br />
trieu USD, nam 2006 dat g i n 10 ty USD, da t ac d dng d en h i u h et cac n Udc k hie'n<br />
nam 2009 dat 22,5 ty USD. Lanh dao hai thUdng mai chung cua the gidi giam manh,<br />
nUdc da dUa ra muc tieu nang thUdng mai xuat nhap khau cua hai nUdc van duy tri xu<br />
song phadng len 10 ty USD vao nam 2010, the tang trUdng, nam 2008 tang 28,8%, nam<br />
sau m i y l i n thay ddi, hien nay muc tieu dUa 2009 tang 8,2%. Co the thay, sU g i n bo<br />
ra la 25 ty USD va xem ra muc tieu nay trong quan he thUdng m ai giSa hai nU6c<br />
khong khd thiic hien. Hai nam 2008-2009, da du s i c gat bo anh hUdng tieu ciic cua<br />
trong bdi c i n h khung hoang kinh te the gidi khiing hoang kinh te.<br />
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Bdng 1: THONG KE VE XUAT NHAP KHAU TRUNG - VIET TLT N A M 1991-2009<br />
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Tong kim Tang Ti le trong tong Ti le trong<br />
Trung<br />
Xuat khau Nhap khau ngach cua tri/dng kim ngach xua't tong kim<br />
Quoc<br />
Nam cua Trung cOa Trung Trung Quoc xua't nhap nhap khau cua ngach xua't<br />
xuat sieu<br />
Quoc Quo'c vdi Viet Nam khau Viet Nam nhap khau cua<br />
(trieu<br />
(trieu USD) (trieu USD) (trieu USD) (%) •(%) Tmng Quoc<br />
USD)<br />
(%)<br />
1991 21,40 10,83 10,57 32,23 -<br />
1992 106,36 72,71 33,65 179,07 82.0<br />
1993 276,00 122,63 153,37 398,64 55.1<br />
1994 341,66 191,16 150,50 532,82 25.2<br />
1995 720,13 332,06 388,07 1052,19 49.4<br />
1996 842,15 308,48 533,67 1150,63 8.6<br />
1997 1078,54 357,10 721,44 1435,64 19.9<br />
1998 1028,00 217,00 811,00 1245,60 -15.3<br />
1999 964,00 354,00 610,00 1318,00 5.5 6,1 0,37<br />
2000 1537,00 929,00 608,00 2466,43 46.6 9,8 0.52<br />
2001 1804,45 1010,75 793,70 2815,20 12,4 9.7 0.55<br />
2002 2148,86 1115,28 1033,58 3264,15 13,8 10.1 0.53<br />
2003 3178,52 1455,80 1722,72 4634,31 29,6 11,1 0,54<br />
2004 4260,84 2481,96 1778,88 6742,80 31,3 12.8 0.58<br />
2005 5644,48 • 2551,92 3092,56 8196,40 17,7 13.2 0,58<br />
2006 7464,63 2485,91 4978,72 9950,54 21,4 12.6 0,57<br />
2007 11900,00 3215,00 8685,00 15115,00 51,9 14,7 0,70<br />
<br />
2008 15120,00 4340,00 10780,00 19464,00 28,8 14.1 0,76<br />
<br />
2009 16301,00 4747,00 11554,00 21048,00 8,2 17.9 0,95<br />
<br />
Ngudn: Mang ciia Bd Thiiang mai Trung Qud'c, mgng ciia Tong cue Thd'ng he Viet Nam<br />
Chil thich: Trong do, td'ng kim ngach xuat nhap khau Trung • Viet vd ti trgng cUa nd trong<br />
thiiang mgi Trung Qud'c tinh todn theo so'lieu cua Bg Thiiang mgi Trung Qudc, ti trgng ciia<br />
thiiang mgi hai niidc trong thiiang mgi Viet Nam tinh theo tdng kim nggch xuat nhap khau<br />
ndi chung cua Viet Nam vd tdng kim nggch xud't nhap khau vdi Trung Qud'c cdng bd tren<br />
mgng cda Tdng cue thd'ng ke Viet Nam.<br />
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NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUOC so 2(102) - 2010<br />
47<br />
Dac trung cua thuang mai Trung - Viet<br />
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2. Vi tri thuong mai lien tuc nang cao, 6,1% len 9,8%, ti trgng trong ngoai thUdng<br />
nhung ti trong trong ngoai thuong cua Viet cua Trung Qud'c ta 0,37% len 0,52%; nam<br />
Nam cao hon nhieu so vdi Trung Quoc 2007-2009, ca hai nUdc deu cd mfic tang kha<br />
Idn, nhat la Trung Qud'c, tang tren 30%.<br />
Ta so lieu va xu the the bien trong bang<br />
So' lieu cdn cho thay, thUdng mai Trung -<br />
1 va bieu 1 cd the thay, ciing vdi kim ngach<br />
Viet chiem ti trgng kha Idn trong ngoai<br />
thUdng mai hai nUdc lien tuc tang, ti trgng<br />
thUdng cila Viet Nam, nam 2009 da dat<br />
cua thUdng mai Trung - Viet trong tdng kim<br />
khoang 17,9%, cdn ti trgng trong ngoai<br />
ngach thadng mai cila mdi nUdc ciing khdng<br />
thUdng cua Trung Quo'c lai kha nho, chUa<br />
ngang tang, do do, vi trf trong thUdng mai<br />
de'n 1%. Do dd, xet ve tong the, thUdng mai<br />
cua mdi nUdc cung lien tuc nang cao. Nhin<br />
giaa hai nUdc Trung - Viet cd tac dung he't<br />
ta xu the tang len, hai nUdc kha gidng nhau,<br />
sdc quan trgng trong ngoai thUdng cua Viet<br />
deu the hien nam 1999 tang nhanh, sau do<br />
Nam. Vi vay, cho du thUdng mai giiia hai<br />
duy tri xu the tang kha dn dinh; sau nam<br />
nu'dc cd xu the td't bay xau thi anh hUdng<br />
2009 lai xua't hien xu the tang kha manh.<br />
cua no ddi vdi Viet Nam se Idn gap gin 20<br />
Nam 1999-2000, ti trgng cua thUdng mai hai<br />
lan so vdi Trung Qudc.<br />
nadc trong ngoai thUdng cua Viet Nam ta<br />
<br />
Biiu ad 1: Ti TRONG C O A THLTONG MAI TRUNG - VIET<br />
TRONG TONG KIM NGACH XUAT NHAP KHAU C O A HAI Nl/6C<br />
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3. Thuong mai tang truong khong on tang tradng n h a n g mile tang tradng<br />
dj'ih hang nam rat khdng on dinh (xem<br />
So' lieu thd'ng ke cdn cho tha'y: Mac bang 2). Nam 1992, do quan he hai<br />
du kim ngach thUdng mai giaa hai rwidc khdi phuc binh thadng, mac tang<br />
nudc hang nam (tru: nam 1998) deu tradng cua thadng mai song phadng so<br />
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NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUOC so 2(102) - 2010<br />
48<br />
PHAN KIM NGA<br />
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vdi n a m 1 9 9 1 t a n g 8 2 % , t r d t h a n h m a c n a m 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 0 9 , do chiu a n h hUdng cua<br />
cad lich sil, s a u dd g i a m xud'ng roi lai cudc k h u n g h o a n g t a i chfnh t h e g idi,<br />
t a n g len. N a m 1 9 9 8 , do c h i u a n h h u d n g mile t a n g trUdng t h a d n g m a i g i a a h a i<br />
cua cudc k h u n g h o a n g t a i chfnh c h a u A, n u d e g i a m rd r e t , n a m 2008 giam<br />
thUdng m a i giiia h a i nUdc t a n g trUdng xud'ng cdn 28,8%, n a m 2009 chi cdn<br />
am, g i a m xud'ng cdn - 1 5 , 3 % . N a m 2 0 0 1 , 8,2%). Cd t h e tha'y, bie'n ddng t r o n g m d c<br />
do a n h h u d n g c u a viec T r u n g Qud'c gia t a n g trUdng thUdng m a i g i a a h a i nUdc<br />
n h a p Td' chiic T h U d n g m a i t h e gidi, miic k h a m a n h , cd n g h i a la m a c do t a n g<br />
t a n g trucing d a t 46,6%. TUdng tii n h a trUdng h a n g n a m k h d n g on dinh, chiu<br />
vay n a m 2007, V i e t N a m gia n h a p To' a n h h u d n g rd r e t c u a n h a n td' chfnh tri,<br />
chdc T h a d n g m a i t h e gidi miic t a n g n h a n td' chfnh s a c h k i n h t e va n h a n to'<br />
t r u d n g n a m dd d a t 51,9%. N h U n g t r o n g t h i trUdng b e n n g o a i .<br />
<br />
Bieu dd2: XU THE T A N G T R J S N G CCIA T H U O N G MAI TRUNG - VIET TLf N A M 1991-2009<br />
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Ddn vi: 10.000 USD, %<br />
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Ngudn: Hdi quan Trung Qudc<br />
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4. Mac du so lieu thong ke cua hai tha'y: TrUdc he't, so' lieu thd'ng ke ciia hai<br />
nudc CO k hac biet kha I6n nhung deu nUdc CO khac biet k h a Idn, n h a t la trUde<br />
cho thay thuong mai giua hai nudc mat nam 2000, so' lieu thd'ng ke eua Bo Cong<br />
can bang nghiem trpng, trong do nhap thUdng Viet Nam (bieu do 4) cho tha'y: Td<br />
sieu ciia Viet Nam co xu the tang nam 1991-2000, trong thUdng mai vdi<br />
Bieu do 3 va bieu do 4 lan lUdt la bieu de Trung Qud'c, Viet N a m ludn xuat sieu, cdn<br />
xu the ve tinh trang m a t can bSng trong so' lieu cila Bd ThUdng mai Trung Qud'c<br />
thUdng mai gifla h a i nUdc dUdc lap theo so' (bieu do 4) lai cho tha'y: T a n a m 1991 den<br />
lieu thd'ng ke cua Bg ThUdng mai Trung nay, T r u n g Qud'c luon xua't sieu trong<br />
Quo'c va Bo Cdng thUdng Viet Nam. Cd the thUdng mai vdi Viet Nam. Tiep de'n, t a<br />
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NGHIEN CliU TRUNG QUQC so 2(102) - 2010<br />
49<br />
D$c trung cua thuang mai Trung - Vi^t<br />
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nSm 2001 den nay, mSc dii so'lieu v i n cdn Thdng qua so sanh bieu do 3 va bieu do<br />
sii khac biet nha't dinh song so' lieu thd'ng 4 cd the rut ra ke't luan, so'lieu thd'ng ke ve<br />
ke cila hai nadc deu cho tha'y: Viet Nam thUdng mai giuta hai nadc cdn khac biet r^'t<br />
ludn cl tinh trang nhap sieu va mile nhap Idn, day la mgt trd ngai cho viec nSm bat<br />
sieu khdng ngiing tang len, nha't la sau tinh hinh thiic te cua thadng mai hai niidc.<br />
nam 2007, mflc nhap sieu cila Viet Nam Su khac nhau nay do khac biet trong che<br />
tang maiih. So' lieu cila Bd ThUdng mai do thd'ng ke, sai so' thd'ng ke hay la do<br />
Trung Qud'c cho tha'y: Nam 2007 Viet Nam nhang hanh vi thUdng mai ba't binh<br />
nhap kh^u 11,9 ty USD, xua't kb^u 3,215 thadng nhu budn lau gay nen? Do do,<br />
mud'n lam ro tinh hinh cu the cua thUdng<br />
ty USD, nhap sieu 8,685 ty USD; nam<br />
mai hai nadc, cd phUdng an hflu hieu de<br />
2008 Viet Nam nhap khau 15,12 ty USD,<br />
thiic day thUdng mai hai nUdc phat trien<br />
xuat khau 4,34 ty USD, nhap sieu 10,78 ty<br />
lanh manh, chung ta can phai di sau khao<br />
USD; nam 2009 Viet Nam nhap khau 16,3<br />
sat va'n de so' lieu thd'ng ke ve thUdng mai<br />
ty USD, xua't khau 4,747 ty USD, nhap<br />
cua hai nUdc.<br />
sieu 11,554 ty USD.<br />
<br />
Bieu dd 3: XUAT SIEU C O A TRUNG QUOC TRONG THUONG MAI V 6 l VIET NAM<br />
VA MLTC T A N G T R U 6 N G CUA NO<br />
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Dan vi: Vgn USD, %<br />
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1400000 ;• 100%<br />
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1200000 - 80%<br />
1<br />
1000000 - 60%<br />
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800000 40%<br />
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600000 20%<br />
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400000 f 0%.<br />
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200000 f -20"/o<br />
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