Tieu ban: CONG NGHE SINH HOC BIEN VA MOI TRU'Q'NG 413<br />
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DANH GIA HIEU QUA SU* DUNG SINH KHOI VI TAO BIEN DI<br />
DU'O'NG SCHl'zOCHYTRIUMMANGROVEI¥Q6 TRONG VIEC<br />
LAM GIAU LUAN TRUNG {Brachionusplicatilis) Vk ARTEMIA<br />
NAUPLII<br />
Hoang Lan Anh, Dinh Thj Thu Hang, Dang Dilm Hong*<br />
Vien Cong nghe Sinh hpc, Vien Khoa hpc vd Cong nghi ^'?t Nam<br />
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I. MO DAU<br />
Vipc sir dyng vi khuan, nam va tao bien nhu ngu6n thirc an trong nuoi tr6ng thuy san dang<br />
la moi quan tam tren pham vi toan cau trong nhieu nam gan day (Song va cs., 2007). Cac loai<br />
sinh trudng theo phuong thirc dj dudng co nhieu uu diem khac biet trong do dac trung nhat la<br />
khdng can anh sang so vdi 16i s6ng quang ty dudng (Harel va cs., 2002). Schizochytrium la mpt<br />
loai thraustochytrid dugc biet nhu la d6i tugng tiem nang co the san xuat ra lugng Idn cac axit<br />
beo khong bao hoa (PUFA), dac biet la axit docosahexaenoic (DHA: C22:6n-3) (Yaghuchi va<br />
cs., 1997; Raghukumar, 2008). Trong ty nhien, chiing cung la mpt mat xich co ban, quan trong<br />
frong chuoi thirc an ciia he sinh thai bien va viing ngap man (Raghukumar 2002; Watanabe va<br />
cs., 2002).<br />
DHA la mpt axit beo kh6ng bao hoa quan frpng d6i vdi sy phat trien ciia ca dpng vat co<br />
va kh6ng xuang s6ng. Q ngudi, DHA la mpt thanh phan quan trpng cua mang te bao trong<br />
mpt s6 loai mo trong do ehii yeu la nao va mat. Chiing cung giup cho sy phat trien ciia he<br />
than kinh va thj giac d tre nho, lam giam ty le mac cac benh ve tim mach. Cac loai ca bien d<br />
giai doan con non co nhu cau cao ve cac PUFA n-3 nhu axit eicosapentaenoic (EPA,<br />
C20:5n-3) va DHA de dam bao cho song sot va phat frien cua chiing (Rodriguez va cs.,<br />
1993; Robin va cs., 2003). Ngoai DHA, Schizochytrium con rit giau DPA. DPA se bii lai sy<br />
thieu hyt mgt loat cac axit beo n-3 quan frpng khac va tang cuong ham lugng vitamin A<br />
trong ca the dgng vat (Song va cs., 2007).<br />
Do kich thudc phii hgp, cd the nhan nu6i sinh kh6i mpt each nhanh chong, luan trimg<br />
Brachionus plicatilis va Artemia nauplii dugc sir dyng lam thiic an tucri song frong viec nu6i ca<br />
bien mgt each rpng rai. Mac dii, luan trimg co the tong hgp dugc mpt s6 loai PUFA n-3 nhung<br />
chi d ham lugng nho, kh6ng the dap ling cho viec nuoi ca bien giai doan non. Nhieu nghien cim<br />
da chimg minh rang, thanh phan axit beo cua luan trimg chju anh hudng Idn tir nguon thirc an<br />
(Song va cs., 2007; Lubrens va cs., 1985; Rainuzzo va cs., 1989). Vi vay, co rat nhieu cac ky<br />
thuat lam giau da dugc ap dyng trong nu6i trong nham tang ham lugng PUFA n-3 frong luan<br />
triing frong do cd sir dyng vi khuan, nam va vi tao (Hayashi va cs., 2002; Millamena va cs.,<br />
1988; Whyte vacs., 1990).<br />
Muc dich ciia nghien ciru nay la danh gia hieu qua ciia viec b6 sung sinh khoi vi tao bien<br />
Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6 nhu la nguon cung cap cac axit beo quan trpng, dac biet la DHA<br />
frong viec lam tang ham lugng cac a.\it beo nay frong luan trimg Brachionus plicatilis va<br />
Artemia nauplii.<br />
414 Tuyen tgp HQi nghj KHOA HQC TOAN QU6c Vg SINH HQC BlfiN VA PHAT TRJ^N BfeN VCTNG<br />
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n. VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG FRAP NGHIEN CLTU<br />
Chung giong va dieu kien nuoi cay<br />
Theo cong bo eua Dang Diem H6ng va cs., (2008), Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6 thupc<br />
hp Thraustochytriaceae, Idp Labyrinthulea, nganh Heterokontophyta. Cac te bao Schizochytrium<br />
CO dang hinh cau, co mang ludi ngoai chat xuat phat tir be mat te bao. Cac te bao sinh dudng co<br />
dang hinh cau vdi dudng kinh tir 9-20pm. Te bao chira nhieu the lipi't co the quan sat thay dudi<br />
kinh hien vi quang hpc. Ham lugng lipit t6ng s6 chiem 6,26%) frgng lugng tuai. DHA, EPA dat<br />
43,52% va 0,75% t6ng so axit beo (Dang Diem Hong va cs., 2008).<br />
Chiing nay dugc nuoi ciy frong binh tam giac 1 lit chiia moi frudng co ban Ml (3%<br />
glucose, 1% cao nim men va 17,5 g/L muoi bien nhan tao tuong duong 1,5% NaCl), lac 200<br />
vong/pbiit d 28°C trong 5 ngay (Hoang Lan Anh cs., 2008).<br />
Lam gi^u Artemia nauplii v^ luan triing (Brachionus plicatilis) bang sinh khoi<br />
Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6<br />
Quy trinh dp na bao xac, lam giau va thu mdu Artemia<br />
3 g bao xac Artemia nauplii (INVE Aquaculture, Inc., My) dugc li frong 1 lit nude bien co<br />
do man 25%o, cd syc khi va chieu sang lien tyc d 25 - 30°C frong 24 gid. Sau khi Artemia nd se<br />
dugc thu bang vgt cd kich thudc 100pm, chuyen sang nude bien da lpc sach cd dp man 25%o va<br />
dugc chia thanh cac 16 thi nghipm vdi mat dg 150 - 200 ca the/ml.<br />
Viec lam giau dugc tien hanh vdi chat cudng hoa Golden Power (Tesgofarm Aqva BV, Ha<br />
Lan) va Schizochytrium mangrovei PQ6 (bang 1). Thanh phan cua Golden Power dugc chi ra<br />
fren bang 1. Qua trinh lam giau dugc tien hanh frong cac x6 nhya cd the tich 20 L. Cac mau<br />
dugc thu sau 22 gid lam giau de phan tich cac th6ng s6 nhu chieu dai than, kich thudc rupt, ham<br />
lugng lipit va thanh phan axit beofrong^/-?e/wra.<br />
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Bang 1. Bd tri thi nghiem Idm giau Artemia bing Golden Power va sinh khdi<br />
Schizochytrium<br />
Chdt cu'crng hoa (g/l) M|it dp nauplii<br />
Cac cong thi>c thi nghiem<br />
Golden power Schizochytrium (ca th4/ml)<br />
Doi chung am- A1 0 0<br />
Doi chii'ng-du cng- A2 0,3 0<br />
150-200<br />
Thf nghipm 1-A3 0 1,5 (sinh khoi tuoi)<br />
Thi nghipm 2-A4 0 0,3 (sinh khoi kho)<br />
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Quy trinh nuoi, lam giau luan triing: Luan friing gidng (Brachionus plicatilis) dugc nuoi<br />
bang men banh my (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Sau do, chung dugc lpc, nia bing nude bien va<br />
dugc chia vao cac 16 thi nghipm khac nhau vdi mat dp ban diu 8-10 ca the/ml. Thi nghipm ciia<br />
chung t6i bao gom 6 16: 16 1 luan friing dugc nu6i bang h6n hgp hai loai vi tao bien quang ty<br />
dudng Chaetoceros gracilis vd Chlorella; 16 2- Isochrysis galbana va Nannochloropsis oculata;<br />
16 3 - dugc nuoi bang h6n hgp g6m 4 loai tao neu fren; 16 4: nu6i bing men banh mi; 16 5: lam<br />
giau bang men banh my; 16 6: lam giau bang vi tao bien dj dudng Schizochytrium mangrovei<br />
PQ6 (bang 2). Nhiet dp va dp man cua m6i trudng nuoi tuong img la 28°C va 25%o. Qua trinh<br />
lam giau dugc thyc hien trong cac x6 co the tich 20L. Trong thi nghipm lam giau, cii sau 2 gid,<br />
mat dp luan trimg dugc xac djnh bing buong dim Sedgwick-Rafter. Ham lugng lipi't tong so va<br />
axit beo trong luan triing dugc xac djnh sau 7 ngay nu6i ciy.<br />
Tilu ban: CONG NGHE SINH HOC BI^N VA MOI TRU'CRNG 415<br />
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Bang 2. Sa d6 thi nghipm nuoi va lam giau luan trimg Brachionus plicatilis<br />
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Cac 16 thi nghiem L6 1 L6 2 L6 3 Ld4 L6 5 L6 6<br />
150- 150-<br />
Mat dp luan triing ban dau (ca the/ml) 8-10 8-10 8-10 8-10<br />
200 200<br />
Men banh my (g/IO'' luan triing/ngay) - - 0,5 1 1 -<br />
Mat dp tao (te bao/luan friing/ngay) 40000 40000 20000 - - -<br />
Sinh khoi tuai Schizochytrium/ (g/10^ luan<br />
- - - - - 1<br />
triing/ngay)<br />
Cac lo^i tao Chaetoceros gracilis + - + - - -<br />
quang du&ng Chlorella sp. + - + - - -<br />
Isochrysis galbana + - + - - -<br />
Nannochloropsis + -+<br />
occulata<br />
- - - -<br />
Thdi gian nuoi hoac cudng hoa 7 ngay 7 ngay 7 ngay 7 ngay 7 gid 7 gid<br />
Chii thich: +: cho an; -: khong cho an<br />
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PhtfOTig phap phan tich lipit tong so va thanh phan axit beo: Ham lugng lipit t6ng so<br />
dugc xac djnh theo phuang phap ciia Bligh va Dyer (1959) cd mpt s6 cai tien de phii hgp vdi<br />
dieu kien Vipt Nam (Dang Dilm H6ng va cs., 2008).Thanh phin va ham lugng axit beo dugc<br />
xac djnh bing phuong phap sic ky khi tai Vien Hoa hpc cac hgp chit ty nhien theo tieu chuan<br />
ISO/FDIS 5590:1998, Lien bang Dire theo phuang phap da mo ta frong cong b6 ciia Dang Diem<br />
Hong va cs. (2007).<br />
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m . KET QUA VA THAO LUAN<br />
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1. Lam giau Artemia b5ng sinh khoi Schizochytrium tu'oi va kho<br />
Hipu qua sir dyng Schizochytrium lam thiic an dugc danh gia qua eac th6ng s6 nhu kich<br />
thudc rupt va chieu dai than ciia Artemia va thanh phan axit beo cua Artemia sau qua trinh lam<br />
giau. Hinh thai Artemia trong cac cong thiic Al, A2, A3 va A4 dugc chi ra tren hinh 1.<br />
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i 91<br />
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yj Al A4<br />
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IHinh 1. >-iinh thai ca th4 cua Artemia a cong thu>c A1, A2, A3, A4 sau 22 gia lam giau<br />
416 Tuyen t|ip Hpi nghj KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC v £ SINH HQC BifeN VA PHAT TRIEN B £ N Vjnui<br />
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Hinh 1 cho thiy, sau 22 gid cudng hoa, rupt cua Artemia cd chiia chit cuong hoa (16 A2) va,<br />
tl bao Schizochytrium (16 A3, A4). Va sy thay d6i kich thudc rupt, chieu dai than, ham lugng f<br />
lipit va ham lugng DHA eua Artemia dugc chi ra fren bang 3.<br />
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Bang 3. S y thay do! kich thu-ac rupt, chi§u dai than cua Artemia sau 22 gia cu-ang ho4<br />
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Chl§u dai than sau 22 gicr (^im)<br />
Thi nghipm<br />
Al<br />
Kich thu-o-c ru$t sau 22gi6' f/;mj<br />
56±6 840±6<br />
1<br />
A2 63±7 (b) 828±7 (a)<br />
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A3 69±8 (c) 876±7(a)<br />
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A4 67±8 (c) 830±7(a)<br />
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Gia fri P: (a): > 0,05; (b):