Giải pháp lựa chọn và quản lý nhà cung cấp dịch vụ thuê ngoài Logistics tại các doanh nghiệp sản xuất kinh doanh

QUAN TRI KINH DOANH<br /> <br /> Gitti PFf/IP Ltfa CHON uii ouaN iv<br /> NHii CUNG cap Ofcr; vu WUE NGOUI lOGmics<br /> rai cac oonNu NGHIEP S'UN xuar KINH ooaNU<br /> <br /> An Th| Thanh Nhan<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> H B/ nhap kinh tequdc teda thuc day eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam tim nhQng glal phap kinh doanh mdi<br /> va viec hudng tdi lua chon dich vu thue ngoai (outsorcing) duae eoi la mot trong nhOng glal phap gdp<br /> phan lam giam chi phi, day nhanh tdc do xuat khau hang hda ra thi trUdng the gidi. Cac chuyen gia logistics<br /> col thue ngoai la mot chie'n luac do dd nd khdng ehi phu hap vdi dieu kien kinh doanh, ngan sach, ngudn lUc<br /> cua doanh nghiep ma cdn phai tim kiem va sii dung td't nang lue cua nha cung cap dieh vu. Ddi vdi cac doanh<br /> nghiep khach hang, chien luac thue ngoai logistics hieu qua talde het phai bat dau bang viec lUa chon chinh<br /> xac hoat ddng nao trang he thd'ng logistics cd the thue ngoai va xac dmh dUdc nha cung cap dich vu 3PL<br /> thich hap. Dieu dd khdng chi giup doanh nghiep tan dung td'l da cac ky nang chuyen mdn dehd'tra dich vu<br /> cho minh ma cdn glUp khac phuc cac bat lai ed the xay ra eua hinh thUc thue ngoai. Tiep theo ndi dung bai<br /> bao da dang tren sd32/TCKHTM, tac gia de cap tdi nhQng glal phap lUa chon va phat then eae quan he vdi<br /> nha cung cap dehinh thanh mot ehien luac thue ngoai logistics hoan chinh tai cae doanh nghiep khach hang<br /> Viet Nam trong dieu kien hien nay.<br /> <br /> 1. Han che" cua nha cung Hinh 1: Nhung han che cua nha cung cap dieh vu logistics Viet Nam<br /> cap d|ch vu logistics Vi$t Nam Th«u kinh nghienIhuc<br /> Xu hudng sO dung djch vu EU v^ iOgiEliCS<br /> <br /> logistics thue ngoai dang phd Vijn de ve n'r:&n s y<br /> bien tai cac doanh nghiep<br /> he \rx>r,g ft -o^ing dat<br /> Viet Nam. Theo khao sat eua yfeu c^u<br /> cdng ty SCM nam 2008, hien Oii oriiKhing g-.annh.u<br /> r-ong '3&'<br /> cd tdi 98% cac doanh nghiep<br /> dang sO dung djch vu nay. "Hi!^^ s u cai ti^nhfen tuc<br /> Trong tUdng lai nhu eau ve Chat iu9f>3 ^1-*'' "'M<br /> d|ch vu thue ngoai cdn tang k^-^ng dung tihucar-i ^ l<br /> hdn nOa nhung trong thuc te •0'/= 20% 30% 40% so'-i sa* 0% SO=-i 90^-!<br /> cho thay cac doanh nghiep Phan Iram<br /> cdn nhieu diem ehua hai Idng (Nguon SCM)<br /> ve eae td chOe cung Ong dich<br /> eae yeu td khach quan nhu su yeu kem eua he<br /> vu logistics (Hinh 1).<br /> thd'ng ha tang logistics, han che trinh dp cdng<br /> Qua hinh 1 cho thay, than phien nhieu nhat la<br /> nghe va quan ly, thieu hut hd'trp tO Nha node va<br /> chat lupng d|eh vu khdng dung nhu cam ket chiem<br /> ngudn nhan lue thi cac phan tich thudng dd Idi<br /> 55% phieu khao sat, thieu sU cai tien tO nha cung<br /> cho sU non ndt cua cae doanh nghiep cung cap<br /> cap la 55% va chi phi khdng giam nhu mong dpi la logistics Viet Nam. Dae biet phai ke den viec ap<br /> 50%. Ngoai ra cac han ehe ve nhan sU, cdng nghe dung cae giai phap quan ly hieu qua tai cac<br /> thdng tin, kinh nghiem thuc te cung la nhOng van<br /> de ndi edm.<br /> Nguyen nhan dah den tinh trang tren ngoai * TS., Trudng Dai hoc Thuang mai<br /> <br /> KHOA HOC = ^ ; ^ = ^ = = = = = ^ = ^ ^ = : ^ =<br /> <br /> 30 Thuang Mai So 35/2010<br />  QUAN TRI KINH DOANH<br /> <br /> doanh nghiep cung Ong djch vu logistics cdn rat Di sau khao sat hoat ddng thue ngoai logistics<br /> han ehe. Cac md hinh quan ly chat lOpng hien cho thay eae doanh nghiep kinh doanh eon nhan<br /> dai nhu SERVQUAL ve 5 khoang each djch vu, thOc kha ddn gian ve hoat dpng nay. Hau nho deu<br /> quan ly thdi gian va tdc dp nhU JIT (Just in time), eho rang thue ngoai la can thiet do giam dope chi<br /> QR (Quick respond), ca biet hda d|ch vu khach phi va nang cao chat lOpng d|eh vu nhd tinh<br /> hang - Customization hau nhu chua dupe ap chuyen mdn cao nhung ehua thue su hieu de cd<br /> dung, dah den chat lupng cung Ong djch vu logis- dupe eae Ipi ich nay phai ed mpt ehien lupe dung<br /> tics chua dap Ung tdt nhu eau eho cac doanh dan to chpn lua hoat dpng thue ngoai den tim<br /> nghiep khach hang. kiem va phat trien cae quan he lau dai.<br /> Tuy nhien, khi nghien cOu thj trodng cung Ong Thdng thudng, cac doanh nghiep ed san lupng<br /> d|eh vu logistics Viet Nam eho thay cd sU khac biet hang hda san xuat, cung Ong ra thj trOdng Idn, mat<br /> giOa hai nhdm nha cung cap dd la: ThO nhat, cac hang dn dinh thi ed quan he td't vdi cae nha cung<br /> tap doan toan eau cd mat tai Viet Nam vdi mpt cap djch vu logistics nudc ngoai do cae td ehOe<br /> mang ludi cung cap d|ch vu logistics rpng khap nay ed tinh chuyen nghiep cao, cd mang ludi cung<br /> tren nhieu qudc gia, cd du trinh dp va kha nang Ong dieh vu rpng khap. Hoat ddng kinh doanh dn<br /> cung Ong d|ch vu 3PL. 4PL. Mae du ehi ed khoang dmh nen nhu cau ve logistics kha dn d|nh va ed ke<br /> hdn 30% nha cung Ong loai nay nhung hp dam hoach. Tuy nhien, ehi nhOng Id hang cd cd trung<br /> dUdng tdi 80% thj phan d|eh vu logistics tai Viet binh va nhd, cd tan suat xuat hien Idn, phai sO<br /> nam; ThU hai, nhdm cae doanh nghiep logistics dung nhieu cdng doan d|ch vu, nhieu phUdng thOe<br /> npi dja, cd sd lupng len tdi gan 1.000 doanh van tai mdi thoe so can den nhOng nha cung cap<br /> nghiep chiem 68% nhUng kha nang rat han ehe. d|ch vu logistics chuyen nghiep. Quan he giOa hai<br /> Hp ehi cd the hoat dpng nhu nhOng nha cung cap ben la lien tuc, cac thu tuc thue ngoai doa vao cae<br /> d|eh vu ddn le cap 2, tham chi la cap 3, cap 4 cho thdng le cd san, it tdn kem ve thdi gian va chi phi<br /> cae tap doan nude ngoai ed mang d|eh vu logistics do hai ben coi nhau nho cae ddi tac tin cay de lam<br /> toan eau - tOe la chi lam thue eho cac doanh an lau dai. Phan Idn dd la cac doanh nghiep xuat<br /> nghiep logistics nUdc ngoai, cung cap cae djch vu khau va nha cung cap djch vu nude ngoai nen<br /> cau ndi giOa nha cung cap va ngodi sO dung nhU each lam viec kha chuyen nghiep, bai ban, tao<br /> giao nhan, khai quan, van tai, hiem doanh nghiep dieu kien tdt ve chat lupng d|ch vu va tiet kiem chi<br /> du sOc de td chOc va dieu hanh toan bd quy trinh phi logistics. Day cung la nhdm eae doanh nghiep<br /> hoat dpng logistics. SOc canh tranh cua nhdm cae hoat diDng tdt trong ITnh vUc logistics va ddng gdp<br /> doanh nghiep nay cdn yeu eho nen hau het cac ed ban vao nhOng ket qua tieh cue eua nganh<br /> hoat ddng logistics chuyen nghiep deu do cac Logistics Viet Nam hien nay.<br /> cdng ty nude ngoai dam nhan.<br /> Cac doanh nghiep vOa va nhd (chiem ty le hdn<br /> Nhu vay, trong thue te cac doanh nghiep d|ch 80%) ed nhu cau logistics khdng thudng xuyen<br /> vu trong nude chi dam dUdng ehua den 20% thj hoac bat thudng do dac diem Id hang va quy md<br /> phan, cdn hdn 80% la do cac tap doan logistics san xuat kinh doanh nhd. Thue ngoai dupe thue<br /> nudc ngoai cung cap va khdng the ndi rang chat hien theo thdi quen ed hOu trong eae giao dich<br /> lupng d|ch vu eua hp la yeu kem. Cae han ehe neu mua ban truyen thdng. Gidng nhU thUdng lUdng<br /> tren can nhin nhan lai tO phia cae doanh nghiep mua hang, giao d|eh trong thue ngoai cung do cac<br /> san xuat kinh doanh trong viec lua chpn va nudi dai dien ban hang cd kinh nghiem thuc hien vdi<br /> dudng cac mdi quan he vdi nha cung cap d|eh vu eae nha cung cap quen biet va cd mdi giao dich tO<br /> thue ngoai. Thue ngoai chi can thiet va kha thi neu trOde. Viec lua chpn nha cung cap mdi thudng it<br /> doanh nghiep biet ket hdp diem manh cua minh thUe hien, khi cd nhu cau nay viec lua chpn cung<br /> vdi cae nha cung cap d|ch vu logistics, dOng ra dUa vao mdi quan he cCia cac dai dien ban hang la<br /> lam ngodi dieu phdi, ehu diSng dieu khien qua trinh chinh, cdn xem nhe viec so sanh chat lupng, gia<br /> hdp tac giOa cac ben ca, uy tin... giOa cae nha cung cap. Nhieu trudng<br /> 2. Tinh hinh lUa chpn va sd dung nha cung Ong hdp, viec chpn nha cung cap dupe giao eho mpt<br /> logistics thue ngoai hi§n nay ca nhan thuc hien, eu the nhu viec van chuyen<br /> <br /> _KHOA HOC '^<br /> So 35/2010 Thuang Mai 31<br />  QUAN T R | KINH DOANH<br /> <br /> hang hda xuat nhap khau thudng dupc giao cho thua hoSe se b| loai trO. M§e du nhOng Idi the cho<br /> trudng phong xuat nhap khau de dam phan, quyet ngudi thang la rd rang nhUng cae mdi quan he nhU<br /> dmh gia va ky ket hpp ddng van chuyen. Dieu nay vay dang trd nen Idi thdi vi khdng hd'trp eho eae<br /> tao nen su mau thuah ve Ipi ich giOa ca nhan va rang budc quan trpng va lau dai trong cac dU an<br /> cdng ty Ca nhan cd the quyet d|nh chpn nha cung ousourcing. Can nhan thOe rang, quan he giOa<br /> cap cd chi phi cao de hudng "hoa hdng" tO hang khach hang va nha cung cap djch vu logistics phai<br /> thay vi chpn hang van chuyen vdi mOc gia td't nhat thupc ve cau true chudl gia tr| tieh hpp, trong dd<br /> cung vdi chat lUdng d|eh vu tOdng Ong, vd'n la Ipi cac ben xay dung nhOng mdi quan he tUdng hd'va<br /> ich eua cdng ty. DOdng nhien cae tap doan logis- cdng tac vdi nhau nham khuyen khich viec ehia<br /> tics toan eau ed gia dich vu kha cao so vdi eae se, ddi mdi, sang tao. Hai ben tham dU cupc chdi<br /> cdng ty ndi d|a nen viec lua chpn ddi tac nay se cung miSt dpi va eUng dupc hudng Ipi tO sU ddi<br /> khdng phai la uu tien hang dau vdi cae doanh mdi, ehia se, day la trd chdi ed tdng duong<br /> nghiep vUa va nhd Viet Nam. (Ppsitive - sum) vdi ket qua la mpi ngudi tham gia<br /> Nhu vay viec chpn nha cung cap cd tinh chu eOng thang (win - win) va dieu nay eho phep tao<br /> quan tU phat, dua vao cam tinh va quan he ca tien de eho cac mdi quan he dai han dUa tren sU<br /> nhan nhieu hdn la phUdng phap'bai ban. Cung do tin cay hieu biet lali nhau (Bang 1).<br /> each lua chpn nay ma cae mdi quan he giOa<br /> Bang 1: Sa sanh dac diem trong giao dich mua<br /> doanh nghiep khach hang va nha cung cap logis-<br /> truyen thong va thue ngoai<br /> tics chua dupe quan tam, khdng ed k|eh ban rd<br /> rang va cOng mang tinh ca nhan, tu phat. Thuc te<br /> Giao djch mua truyen thd'ng Giao djch thu^ ngoai logistics<br /> hien nay eho thay, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam<br /> van chi ap dung quan ly quan he ddi tac theo each Tong bang 0( zero-sum) Tong du'dng (Positive sum)<br /> truyen thdng. Caeh lam ehu yeu la thu thap y kien Doi dich Cong tac<br /> danh gia cua khach hang sau khi ket thuc hpp Thang - thua Thang - thang<br /> ddng, td chOe htji ngh| khach hang, gap mat nha<br /> Ngan han Dai han<br /> cung cap eudi nam. Nhieu cdng ty vah chua y thOe<br /> rd ve vai trd, anh hudng eua cae ddi tac mdi va Thdi han CO dinh Thcii han linh hoat<br /> chua cd nhOng thuc hanh quan ly can thiet. Dieu<br /> nay cho thay, neu khdng thay ddi each lua chpn va Caeh tu duy nay se dmh hudng eae hoat ddng<br /> quan ly nha cung cap d|ch vu logistics thue ngoai lua chpn va phat trien quan he vdi nha cung cap<br /> thi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam du ed sO dung djch djch vu logistics theo mpt each thOc mdi so vdi<br /> vu chat lupng cao cua cae tap doan nude ngoai trOde day.<br /> cung khdng the hai Idng vdi ket qua dat dupe. SO dung quy trinh chon nha cung Ung dich vu<br /> 3. Giai phap lUa chpn va quan ly nha cung cap logistics tdi uu<br /> d|ch vu logistics thue ngoai tai cac doanh nghifp Do mdi quan he rat chat ehe giOa ngodi sO<br /> khach hang dung va nha eung cap djch vu logistics trong thdi<br /> Thay doi nhan thUc ve quan he glOa khach hang gian dai nen viec lOa chpn eae nha eung cap phai<br /> va ngudi cung cap dieh vu Logistics thue ngoai: ky cang. Mpt quy trinh lOa chpn ehi tiet se eho<br /> Su phOc tap va cae mdi quan he ban chat cua phep loai trO dan de giO lai nhOng nha eung Ong<br /> thue ngoai logistics tao ra su khac biet ed ban giOa khdng chi du nang lOe chuyen mdn ma cdn phu<br /> nha eung cap truyen thdng va cung cap djch vu hpp vdi phong each, phOdng phap va dac trOng<br /> logistics. Cac giao d|ch trong mua truyen thd'ng la van hda rieng ed eua doanh nghiep. Nhd dd se<br /> mpt trd chPi ed tdng bang 0 (Zero - sum), chung duy tri dupe eae mdi quan he lau dai ed Idi eho td<br /> nam trong dang chudl eung cap cd kien true theo chOc. Cac bode chinh trong quy trinh bao gdm:<br /> md - dun, trong dd cae ben ludn no'lUc het sOe de Budc 1, lap nhdm chon nha cung Ung: (VST-<br /> tdi uu hda eae gia tr| ed dupc tO cac ngudn lUc gidi Vendor selection team). Quan he trong giao d|eh<br /> han cd san, tham chi cd the lam tdn hai tdi ddi tac. thue ngoai lien quan den cac hpp ddng chien lupc dai<br /> Ket qua cua quan he nay la mpt ben se nhan phan han, djch vu khach hang, hdp ddng ehi tiet ve mOe<br /> <br /> KHOA HOC<br /> <br /> 32 Thuang Mai So 35/2010<br />  QUAN TR! KINH DOANH<br /> <br /> d|ch vu, day la mdi quan he het sUe than thiet. Doanh giOa cac nude d eae chau luc khac nhu trong<br /> nghiep sO dung can chpn ra mpt nhdm cac chuyen trudng hpp cdng ty d Anh va My cd nha eung cap<br /> gia cd kien thOc, kinh nghiem, nang lOc quan ly va cd to An Dp. Ve cP ban, khoang each d|a ly giOa<br /> kha nang ehia se cac thdng tin de hinh thanh nhdm khach hang, nha eung cap cang Idn thi khac biet<br /> chpn nha eung Ung - VST. Cac thanh vien thudng la ed ban ve van hda, ngdn ngO, each thOe kinh<br /> cac nha quan tr| cap cao; cac chuyen gia ve luat hpp doanh va quan ly cang nhieu, de'gay su gian doan<br /> ddng; eae nhan vien phan tich he thdng ky thuat va trong cdng viec, khd khan eho van de quan ly va<br /> thdng tin; nhan vien tai chinh va mpt sd ngUdi sO thich nghi trong mdi quan he giOa eae ben.<br /> dung cudi cung. Tuy nhien vah cd the sO dung cae Budc 4, yeu eau ve thdng tin tU nha cung<br /> cdng ty to van de hd'trp nhdm VST nham tao ra sU cap: tiep theo can gOi mpt de nghi ve cdng viec<br /> bao dam ve chat lupng. can thue ngoai va yeu eau cac thdng tin tra Idi<br /> Budc 2, xay dung cac chi tieu chat luang: to cac nha cung cap trong danh sach. Ket qua<br /> doanh nghiep khach hang phai hinh thanh nen nay cho phep danh gia mOc dp quan tam eua<br /> cac tieu chuan chpn lUa, nhOng nghien eOu nha cung cap den dU an thue ngoai. TO 7 - 10<br /> chuyen sau ehi ra rang cae tieu chuan phd bien nha cung cap cd mUe dp quan tam cao nhat se<br /> nhat gdm: Chat lupng d|ch vu; Thanh tich da cd dupe giO lai trong danh sach de tiep tuc gOi yeu<br /> cua nha eung Ong; Chinh saeh bao hanh va bdi eau cdng viec thue ngoai.<br /> thudng; Dieu kien ed sd ky thuat va nang lUe Budc 5, thu thap va danh gia cae de nghi: de<br /> chuyen mdn; Vj tri d|a ly/mang ludi eua nha eung cd dupe cac thdng tin ehi tiet bang van ban ve djch<br /> Ung; Nang lue cdng nghe va thdng tin. Cac tieu vu, hoat dpng, hieu suat can thiet cho dU an cac<br /> chuan nay dupe danh gia theo trpng sd de the doanh nghiep phai thu thap va danh gia niDi dung<br /> hien mUc dp quan trpng cua nd tdi cae qua trinh ban de nghj, gdm cd cac thdng tin tdi thieu ve toan<br /> lua chpn sau nay. canh nang luc, dieu kien ha tang, kinh nghiem cua<br /> Budc 3, lap danh saeh cac nha cung Ung: budc nha cung cap, tO dd eho thay sU quan tam thUe sU<br /> nay VST se chpn ra tO 15 - 20 nha cung cap ed eua nha cung cap tdi dU an thue ngoai. TO 2 - 3<br /> chat lodng tiem nang. Viec kiem soat, danh gia nha eung cap thieu nhOng ky nang can thiet cho<br /> nhieu nha cung Ong se giOp doanh nghiep hieu rd du an se b| loai ra khdi danh saeh, 5 - 8 nha eung<br /> hdn ve cac chao hang tren thj trudng, tim ra cae cap cdn lai trong danh saeh se dupe thiJe hien<br /> nha cung cap phu hdp nhat vdi du an eua minh. phong van Ian 2 qua dien thoai trong thdi gian 1<br /> Can dae biet ehu y den v\ tri cua cac nha cung gid de giO lai tO 3 - 5 nha eung cap ed chat lupng<br /> Ong, dac diem nay tao ra eae Idi the va khd khan nhat cho phong van true tiep.<br /> khac nhau anh hudng den loai d|ch vu logistics Budc 6, lUa chon trUc tiep nha cung Ung: doanh<br /> thue ngoai. Cd mpt sd dang cd ban can can nhac: nghiep thue ngoai nen xep hch de gap cae nha cung<br /> - D|ch vu logistics on - site la loai hinh sO dung cap de so sanh cac nha eung cap vdi nhau nhUng vah<br /> nhan lUe chuyen mdn ben ngoai de dUa vao lam duy tri tdt cac an tUpng mdi me vdi cac Ong vien. Can<br /> viec tai doanh nghiep. Day la dang thue ngoai lien ehu y tdi logic eua ban thuyet trinh, nhieu nha cung cap<br /> quan den chuyen mdn dae biet eua mpt sd chuyen ed cdng nghe chuyen nghiep nhung thieu nhOng kien<br /> gia va khdng qua khd khan de danh gia nang lUe thUe ve bdtri cdng viec va eae cd hdi cai tien. Sau cupc<br /> eua ea nhan ngudi eung Ong. phong van nay nhdm VST can xem lai toan bp cae tai<br /> - D|eh vu off - site la cae hoat ddng thue ngoai lieu, thdng tin da thu thap dUPc va chpn ra 2 - 3 Ung<br /> dupe thue hien d ben ngpai eae eP sd cua doanh vien cho cupc gap true tiep Ian eudi. Cac Ong vien dope<br /> nghiep khach hang. Loai nay lai dupc phan thanh lUa chpn se dupe thdng bao ve hch trinh cupc gSp Ian<br /> 3 mUe dp vdi eae dac trung khac nhau: Onshore la eudi cung de true tiep phong van va lUa chpn ra nha<br /> khach hang va nha cung cap trong cung mtpt nude. cung cap djch vu tdt nhat chp do an thue ngoai.<br /> Nearshore la cac hoat ddng thue ngoai giOa cae Siict 7, Xae lap mUe do va ehien luac quan he vdi<br /> node Ian can trong khoang each gan nho trUdng nha cung cap:<br /> hpp cac cdng ty My vdi eae nha eung cap tO Su thanh cdng cua thue ngoai cdn phu thupc vap<br /> Canada. Offshore la eae hoat ddng thue ngoai viec duy tri dung va M cae mdi quan he vdi nha eung<br /> <br /> _KHOA HOC<br /> So 35/2010 Thuang Mai 33<br />  QUAN TRI KINH DOANH<br /> '•:'• . : ^ ^ : .^.i.,---^,-vi<br /> <br /> cap. Cd 3 cap dp khac nhau trong quan he nay: - 6 sd 1, d|eh vu ed gia tri tha'p, tam quan trpng<br /> - Quan he thUPng vu dupe xay dung dUa tren khdng Idn va sd nha cung cap gidi han. Can tao ra<br /> cac giao d|ch rieng le, nha cung Ong chi thuan tuy gia tr| bang each giam ehi phi giao djch nen khdng<br /> thuc hien djch vu ma rat it tham gia vao he thdng can quan tam den cac mdi quan he<br /> logistics cua doanh nghiep. Hp dUdc eoi nhU canh - 6 sd 2, gia tr| va tam quan trpng d|eh vu thap,<br /> tay ndi dai cua doanh nghiep d mq\ sd d|a ban va trong khi ed nhieu nha cung Ong nen chi phi<br /> trong nhOng thdi diem nhat dmh. chuyen ddi nha cung Ong tha'p. Cae chuyen gia<br /> - Quan he hpp tac dope xac dmh mpt each cu trong ehudi cung Ong ed the doa tren viec dau<br /> the, rd rang theo hpp ddng d mOe dp trung han va thau canh tranh, hpp ddng ngan han, dau gia<br /> ddi hdi so hdp tac tOdng ddi chat ehe giOa hai ben, ngupc tren mang Internet (Reverse Internet<br /> trong quan he nay, nha eung cap ehi ban dich vu Auction) va mua theo gdi (Blanket Purchase<br /> eua minh chO khdng cung cap cae giai phap d Order) de chpn nha cung cap. Cae mdi quan he<br /> mUc dp cao de giai quyet van de tdng the. vdi nha cung cap thudng ed dac thO la rat canh<br /> - Quan he cdng tac/chien lupe la quan he lien tranh va tap trung ehu yeu vao van de gia ca, do<br /> minh dai han, trong dd mdi ben deu ed kha nang dd duy tri eae mdi quan he d cap dp cac thuPng vu<br /> dap Ong nhu eau cua ben kia, 2 ben se ehia se gia la chien lupc hOu ich nhat.<br /> tr|, mue tieu va cae ehien lupe tich hpp eho Ipi ich - 6 sd 3 la nhOng djch vu tieu tdn nhieu ehi phi va<br /> chung. Mpt lien minh Ipgisties phai dupe xay dung ed vai trd rat quan trpng giup tao ra nang lue canh<br /> dua tren su tin tudng, ehia se thdng tin va hiep lUc tranh cho doanh nghiep, chung ehi chiem phan nho<br /> eua cac thanh vien de dieu chinh tO mue tieu den trong tdng lUPng giao djch nhUng ddng gdp dang ke<br /> eae quy trinh nghiep vu ea hai phia. Lpi ich eua den ehi phi hay hieu qua san xuat. NhOng d|ch vu nay<br /> lien minh chien lupe la rat Idn tren ea khia canh ddi hdi viec tuy bien theo yeu cau cua khach hang hdn<br /> nang cao chat lupng d|eh vu va giam tdng chi phi la su tieu chuan hda nen thudng it cae nha eung cap<br /> nhung lien minh nay rat khd thanh lap va de'tan ra ed the dap Ong yeu eau. Day la cac nha eung Ong dac<br /> do nhOng nguy ed tiem an tO hai phia nho mat biet do dd can tdi mdi quan he hpp tac de tan dung cac<br /> quyen kiem soat he thdng logistics, phai bde Id rd cd hdi tao ra gia trj.<br /> thue trang logistics eua doanh nghiep, khd xae - 6 sd 4 gdm eae d|eh vu cd gia trj Idn va ed<br /> dmh Ipi ich can ehia se hoac khdng phu hdp trong miDt sd it nha cung cap. Viec dam phan la can thiet<br /> quy trinh va he thd'ng giOa cac thanh vien. Phat va can tap trung vao cac yeu td anh hudng den<br /> trien quan he ddi tac chien lupe la rat can thiet<br /> hieu qua hoat dpng nhu ehi phi, chat lupng, giao<br /> trong trudng hpp nay.<br /> hang, ddng gdi, quan ly tdn kho va d|ch vu. Mdi<br /> De xac dmh mUe dp quan he dang tdn tai trong quan he vdi nha cung cap trong trudng hpp nay<br /> du an logistics thue ngoai ed the dua tren ma tran thudng tren cd sd hpp tac ehien lupe.<br /> md ta trong hinh 3. Trong dd cd 4 tinh hudng xay Giai phap duy tri quan he dd'i tac vdi nha<br /> ra va cac de xuat ehien lupc tUPng Ong. eung cap:<br /> De duy tri quan he hdp tac ehien lupe vdi cac<br /> Hinh 3: Md hinh lua chon chie'n luac quan he vdi ^^A^ nha cung cap can:<br /> cung cap dich vu - Hieu rd vai trd, quan diem, nhu cau cua<br /> nha cung cap de cd phudng phap quan ly mdi<br /> quan he va giao tiep cho phO hpp.<br /> - Lap ke hoach quan ly quan he va ke hoach<br /> giao tiep vdi nha cung cap, day la cdng cu ddn<br /> gian nham thdng nhat trong npi bd doanh<br /> nghiep ve each quan ly quan he ddi tac. Ban ke<br /> hoach s§ liet ke eae ddi tac chu chdt cua doanh<br /> nghiep, xae dmh vai trd, anh hudng eua hp ddi<br /> vdi doanh nghiep va sach lupe ma doanh<br /> So \UtfnQ nha cung cap djch vg nghiep danh cho hp. Ban ke hoach do tdng<br /> <br /> KHOA HOC<br /> <br /> 34 Thuang Mai So 35/2010<br />  wmvim\!fvm^ W^^^^^^^M^^!^^^.<br /> <br /> QUAK TRI KINH DOANH|<br /> <br /> giam ddc phe duyet, viec thuc hien phai dupe uy trong viec phat trien cae ehien lupe ousourcing<br /> quyen tuy theo mOc dp eho cae trOdng bp phan. Nhd logistics hieu q u a . ^<br /> dd, cac cap quan ly d doanh nghiep deu cd y thOc<br /> chung ve quan ly quan he ddi tac va thOc hanh mpt Tai ligu tham khao:<br /> each he thdng theo phUPng phap da dupc hoach<br /> dmh. Ben canh dd, can cd ke hoach giao tiep de xae 1. Georgia Institute of Technology, Capgemini,<br /> dmh thdng tin, mOc dp tiep xuc, each truyen dat DHL va Oracle; Annual Third - Party Logistics<br /> thdng tin hieu qua nhat. Cae doanh nghiep nen lUu Reports; 2001-2007<br /> y viec giao tiep nay la cua td chOc, the hien cap dp 2. World Bank, Connecting ta Compete: Trade<br /> doanh nghiep chO khdng phai la giao tiep eua mpt ca Logistics in the Global Economy, 2009.<br /> nhan eu the. 3. Bd phan nghien cOu va tu van - cdng ty<br /> - Td chOe tiep xuc vdi cae nha eung cap mpt SCM; Ket qua khao sat ve logistics nam 2008,<br /> each he thdng va cd ke hoach qua cae Ijch lam Danh gia hieu qua sQ dung dich vu logistics va xu<br /> viec dmh ky de thu thap y kien danh gia, nhu eau hudng tuang lai tai Viet Nam.<br /> cua hp. The hien sU quan tam va tdn trpng y kien 4. Thomas N.Duening, Rick L.Click, Essentials<br /> cua nha cung cap eung lam tang dang ke mOc dp of business process outsorcing, 2005.<br /> hai Idng cua hp. 5. Alan Rushton and Steve Walker, International<br /> - Thuc hien phan cdng va uy quyen trong quan logistics and supply chain outsorcing, 2007.<br /> ly quan he hpp tac. Cac giam ddc ed the uy quyen 6. Mark J Power, Kevin C Desouza, Cario<br /> nhieu hdn cho cae cap quan ly trong viec quan ly Bonifazi, Outsorcing Handbook, 2006.<br /> ddi tac. Mdi lien he giOa cae cap trong doanh 7. Thomas A. Cook, Global saurelng logistics, 2007.<br /> nghiep khach hang va nha cung cap ed the md ta 8. Trang http://www.360vietnam.com/scm.<br /> trong hinh 4.<br /> Summary<br /> Hinh 4: Phdi ket hap quan he glQa cae bac quan tn trong dU an<br /> thue ngaal logistics<br /> International economic integra-<br /> Giam doc dieu hanh Giam doc dieu hanh tion has urged Vietnamese enter-<br /> Giam do'c chuoi cung cap/logistics ; Giam doc tai chinh prises to seek new business solu-<br /> Quan ly logistics ' Quan ly nghiep vu tions, in which outsourcing is consid-<br /> Nhan vien ban hang Nhan vien nghiep vu ered a way to cut cost and speed up<br /> DOANH NGHIEP Si/ DUNG NHA CUNG CAP DICH VU export activities. Logistics experts<br /> regard outsourcing as a strategy,<br /> - Tang cUdng chat lupng he thdng thdng tin enterprises therefore should find a service suit-<br /> quan ly: eae thdng tin ve nha eung Ong nen dope, able with their business condition, budget and<br /> td chUe thu thap mpt each khoa hpc trong he resources, in addition to seeking and utilizing the<br /> thdng thdng tin quan tr| cua doanh nghiep. TO dd service providers. With the service users, an effec-<br /> doanh nghiep se cd dupc nhOng dO lieu dang tin tive logistic outsourcing strategy means selecting<br /> cay de cd the dua ra cae "saeh lupe" phu hdp vdi which service could be outsourced and identifying<br /> nha eung cap. Ngoai ra, vdi mpt he thdng thdng tin which 3PL service providers would be appropriate.<br /> tdt, doanh nghiep se ehu dpng, k|p thdi cung cap This not only helps them make the most use of<br /> nhOng thdng tin gia tr| eho ddi tac khi cd yeu eau. expertise skills to support their services but also<br /> Tren day la mpt sd' giai phap cd ban eho viec minimize the potential risks of the outsourcing.<br /> lua chpn va phat trien cae quan he vdi nha cung Following on her article published on No.<br /> cap d|ch vu logistics tai cae doanh nghiep khach 32/Business Science Review, here the author sug-<br /> hang Viet Nam trong dieu kien nay. COng vdi eae gests some solutions to selecting and developing<br /> no" lOc tim kiem dung cae ed hdi ve hoat dpng the relationship with service providers so as to<br /> logistics trong td chOc khach hang, nhOng giai establish a perfect logistic outsourcing strategy in<br /> phap nay se hd'trp dae lOe cho cae doanh nghiep Vietnamese enterprises in the present context.<br /> <br /> .KHOA HOC<br /> So 35/2010 Thuang Mai 35<br />