Hiệu quả từ nguồn năng lượng khí sinh học Biogas - Nguyễn Hiệp

HIEU QUA TlJ NGUON NANG LlJONG<br /> KHI SINH HOC 6IOGAS<br /> Nguyen Hi$p<br /> <br /> <br /> Di'phdl IricH khi sinh Inn- hen vifnt: diiih hififni^ thi irififng nhdm cdi ihien sinh ke vd chdt<br /> litona nun Mum cua miiuti dan, nam 20111 iinh lUu Gianti da duoc liu .\onv uiihiep &. PI \ / chon<br /> iham iiia hop phan phai liicn Lhiion^ liinh khi unh hoc ihuin dif an: ".\dnii iiw dial lifting, an<br /> loan sun plunn nun:- //;;///«/' ra phai trien chitting irinh khi \inh hoc ". thifnim Innh na\ difoc<br /> \gdn hdng phai irii'n ( hdu \ hd im<br /> <br /> hi?ng nam gan day, phong trao chan hpc, ldi Ich, each si? dung khi va san pham phu<br /> <br /> N nudi gia siic gia cam phat trien<br /> manh d cac dia phu'dng trong tinh<br /> Bac Giang. De tranh d nhilm mdi trUdng, nha't<br /> ba thai eiia he thd'ng biogas cho eac hd tham gia<br /> xay dufng he thdng biogas. Giai quye't viec xii ly<br /> chat thai chan nudi, lam sach mdi tru'dng, tranh<br /> anh hu'dng den ddi sdng, sinh hoat cua ngu'di<br /> la mdi tru'dng chan nudi, nang cao chat lu'dng<br /> cuoc sd'ng con ngUdi, nhieu dia phu'dng d Bac dan, nang cao ve sinh an toan thufe pham; gdp<br /> Giang da tich ci?c hudng ling viec xay .dUng ham phan giam thieu viec sii dung phan tifdi, nifdc<br /> khi sinh hpc biogas, coi cdng nghe biogas la mdt tieu gia siic, gia cam ttfdi va bdn eho cay trong,<br /> giai phap dong bd, thiic day phat trien chan nudi nha't la cay rau mau. Hien nay, cdng nghe khi<br /> hang hoa theo quy md gia trai - trang trai. sinh hpcbiogas dang thiic si? mang lai nhu'ng ket<br /> Dif an nang cao chat lu'dng an toan san qua rd ret, ddr^ gdp quan trpng vao chifdng<br /> trinh phat trien ehan nudi gia siic gia cam cho<br /> pham ndng nghiep va phat trien chu'dng trinh khi<br /> cac dia phifdng tren dia ban toan tinh Bac Giang.<br /> sinh hpc tinh Bac Giang da thifc hien cho nganh<br /> Dvf an Khi sinh hpe tinh Bae Giang da va dang<br /> chan nudi, do Bd Ndng nghiep PTNT lam chii<br /> trien khai eho nganh chan nudi mang lai hieu<br /> dau ttf. Trong dif an cd 4 hdp phan, trong dd cd<br /> qua rd ret.<br /> hdp phan giam nguy cd tif chat thai chan nudi<br /> du'dc trie'n khai tai tinh Bac Giang. Day la duf an Hdp phan phat trien ehifdng trinh khi sinh<br /> nam trong chu'dng trinh do Ngan hang phat trien hpc tai Bac Giang du'dc thifc hien d ta't ca huyen, '<br /> Chau A tai trd giai doan 2010 den 2015. Di? an thanh phd, trong dd mi tien thifc hien tai cac<br /> ciing cac ky thuat vien eac huyen tien hanh khao viing chan nudi tap trung vdi quy md xay difng<br /> sat thife trang cac hd chan nudi, dong thdi nit 2.500 he thd'ng biogas choxac hd, eac trang trai<br /> kinh nghiem trong viec xay difng ham biogas tif chan nudi vi?a va ldn tren dia ban toan tinh.<br /> nhiing nam trifdc de trien khai dif an ed hieu Tong vd'n dau tU cho hdp phan la tren 7 ty dong,<br /> qua. Tuyen chpn mdi huyen ttf 1-2 dpi thd xay, trong dd vd'n vay ADB chiem 90 %, vdn dd'i ling<br /> la nhiing thd xay da dufdc Di? an dao tao, tap tif ngan sach tinh 10%, du'dc thifc hien tif nam<br /> huan de trien khai xay difng theo diing quy trinh 2010 den 2015. Nam 2010, Bac Giang da triln<br /> chuan, tiing cd kinh nghiem trong xay difng,ham khai cae ldp tap huan vl ky thuat siif dung ham<br /> biogas. Ngoai ra cac hd xay difng cdng trinh khi biogas cho hang tram hd chan nudi cd sd lifdng<br /> ~ §inh hpc deu du'dc tap huan each suf dung, van viia va ldn tren toan tinh. Va eac nam tiep theo,<br /> • hanh, bao du'dng cdng trinh va cac thiet bi nhif tiep tuc trien khai tap huan vl ky thuat sii dung<br /> bep, den... ham biogas cho sd hd chan nudi edn lai trong dif<br /> Muc tieu ciia chifdng trinh khi sinh hpc an, td ehiie cae hoat ddng tuyen truyin, dao tao<br /> nham nang cao nhan thiifc v l edng nghe khi sinh dpi ngu ky thuat vien xay dUng ham biogas va<br /> <br /> <br /> St05/2010 K HcdN«©«VGHl|:<br /> O AOHQC<br /> www.bacgiang.gov.vn/skhrn<br />  KHOfI HOC & DOI SONG M<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Nhiing thof xay lanji nghe du'ijfc tap huan bai ban de dam bao xay ham biogas diing ky thuat<br /> cac nam tiep theo se td chiic giam sat, danh gia sinh hpc phuc vu sinh hoat va nguon phan bdn<br /> phat trie'n chUdng trinh khi sinh hpc tren dia ban. hiiu cd vi sinh cho trong trpt, gdp phan phat trien<br /> Cdng nghe khi sinh hpc la cdng nghe xii ly nIn ndng nghiep bin vifng.<br /> cac chat thai hi?u cd nhU: Phan cac loai* gia siic, TrUdc kia d xa TU Mai huyen Yen DUng la<br /> gia cam, phan ngUdi... nhd tac ddng ciia vi sinh mdt trong nhifng dia phUdng kha 6 nhiem do<br /> vat phan huy, yem khi trong mdi trUdng khdng chat thai tif chan nudi ldn lara bau khdng khi<br /> cd dxy tao thanh cac loai khi nhuf metan, dxy, ngdt ngat, hdi hara. Vay ma nay yiing que nhd<br /> hydrd, sulfua hydro... trong dd khi raetan chiera be nay da trd thanh rapt lang sinh thai - kinh te'<br /> 75%, khi me tan chay du'dc nen khi sinh hpc phat trien, ddi sd'ng nhan dan khdng ngifng dUdc<br /> ciing chay dUdc diing de dun na'u, thap sang, va- nang cao. Dd la nhd hang chuc hp dan d day<br /> chay cac ddng cd dd't trong... sd'ng bang nghi chan nudi ldn dIu sii dung ham<br /> • Trong nhifng nam qua, toan tinh Bac Giang biogas cdng nghe mdi. Gid day hp rat yen tam vi<br /> da xay dufng dupc tren 5.000 cdng trinh, quy md khi sinh hpc dem lai nguon chat dot sach, nguon<br /> mdi cdng trinh ti? 6-12m3 gia tri dau tU ti? 6-10 dien nang phuc vu sinh hoat va san xua't; giai<br /> trieu dong, mdi hd tham gia dif an dUdc hd trd quyet dufdc tinh trang d nhilm mdi trrtfdng va<br /> 1.200.000 dong, nhilu nhat la d cac huyen Luc cung cap rapt lu'dng phan bdn hifu cd sach cho<br /> Nam, Yen Dung, Viet Yen... Viec ling dung, san xuat ndng nghiep de tao ra nhiing san phai<br /> xay dung cdng trinh khi sinh hpc da mang lai ket ndng nghiep sach.<br /> qua thuye't phuc trong viec giai quyet d nhilm Hien nay, de xay difng mdt ham biogas<br /> mdi tru'dng khdng khi, mdi tru'dng phan thai, trung binh mat khoang tif 6-8 trieu dong. Tha'y<br /> nifde thai, do phat trien chan nudi gay nen, tif dd dufdc nguon ldi ti? ham biogas rat nhilu gia dinh<br /> "gdp phan giam thieu dich benh gay ra cho con mong mudn du'dc lam, rapt sd gia dinh trong xa<br /> ngifdi va gia siic. Ben canh viec cai thien mdi cd dilu kien kinh te cung da tien hanh xay difng.<br /> tru'dng, cac hd gia dinh cdn dupe iiguon khi dd't<br /> Ddi vdi cac hd phat trien kinh te gia dinh tii chan<br /> <br /> www.bacgiang.gov.vn/skhcn<br /> KH O A H^QC S005/2010<br />  KHO^ Hi?C & Dtfl sdNG<br /> nudi va trong trpt thi suf dung hara biogas la rapt sua't may khdng thay ddi so vdi chay bang dau<br /> hu'dng di diing, gdp phan bao ve siic khoe va ve diesel, hay xang. Theo tinh toan thi suf dung khi<br /> sinh mdi tnfdng. Viec dau tu", sii dung ham khi biogas cho chay may phat dien loai 2KW se tiet<br /> bioga da dem lai hieu qua kinh te eho cac hd gia kiem hdn 50%; lOKW se tiet kiem hdn 60% chi<br /> dinh, dae biet nhiing hd ehan nudi vdi quy md phi so vdi chay dau diesel va tiet kiem khoang<br /> ldn, hay quy md trang trai. Tie't giam chi phi ve gan 40% so vdi suf dung dien lifdi kinh doanh.<br /> dien nang, nguon nhien lieu nhif xang, dau, tao Trong liie dien lifdi bi ciip luan phien nhif hien<br /> mdi tru'dng xanh, sach khdng bi d nhilm. Viee nay thi viee suf dung khi biogas vao chay may<br /> dau tu khdng ldn, sii dung dufdc lau dai. Dae biet phat dien eiia gia dinh la giai phap rat hieu qua.<br /> viec chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat cho cac hd Tan dung tdi da ngudn chat thai gay d nhilm<br /> cd nhu cau dl dang, nhanh chdng va kha thuan mdi trifdng. Giam thieu miii hdi tac ddng den<br /> mdi trufdng. Ti? dd giam thieu mam benh eho<br /> tien, nhilu hd gia dinh cd the ap dung lam theo.<br /> ngu'di va g'ia siic. Chu ddng difdc ngudn dien eho<br /> Gia dinh anh Nguyin Van Chien, Thdn Tif viee ehan nudi ciia trang trai va sinh hoat ciia<br /> Mai, xa Tif Mai huyen Yen Diing la mdt vl du. gia dinh. Cac trang trai chan nudi d vung sau,<br /> gia dinh anh la mdt trong nhiing hd chan nudi dien ap yeu, gia dien eao thi may phat dien<br /> ldn nai va ldn thufdng pham, binh quan mdi liia biogas la giai phap tdi ifu nha't. Cung cap nguon<br /> nudi ti? 20 den 30 con. Trifdc day chat thai cua phan hiiu cd sach de tao ra san phan ndng<br /> ldn ngay nao ciing dupe day ra cd'ng ranh ciia nghiep sach, khdng ehi dap ufng nhu cau trong<br /> lang, miii hdi rat khd chiu gay anh hu'dng den nu'dc ma edn phuc vu xua't khau. Viee suf dung<br /> gia dinh va hang xdm. De giai quyet van d l nay khi sinh hpc phat dien cung gdp phan giai phdng<br /> anh Chien da quyet dinh dau tif xay difng ham phu ni? va tre em trong cac cdng viec ndi trd<br /> khi sinh hpc biogas. nang nhpe, tie't kiem difde thdi gian giiip hp cd<br /> Hien nay, phong trao xay difng ham khi dieu kien hpe hanh, giai tri va thif gian td't.<br /> sinh hpc biogas dang phat trien nhanh d eac<br /> Viec lifng dung edng nghe ham khi biogas<br /> viing ndng thdn ciia tinh Bae Giang. Toan tinh<br /> da tao ra ngudn nang lifdng mdi vdi tinh nang da<br /> cd tren 5000 ham biogas dang sii" dung hieu qua.<br /> dung la mdt chu'dng trinh hiiu ich dd'i vdi cdng<br /> Khdng difng tai day, nhilu gia dinh khdng chi<br /> dong ngufdi dan d thdn trong tien trinh cdng<br /> dimg khi biogas lam chat ddt ma cung si? dung<br /> nghiep hoa hien dai hda da't nifde. Nd eung cap<br /> khi biogas thay xang, dau de chay may phat<br /> khi nhien lieu sach khdng khdi bui, d l su' dung<br /> dien, rat thich hdp cho viing ndng thdn miin niii.<br /> dun na'u va thap sang... Cung cap ba thai sach<br /> Qua thii nghiem cho tha'y, 1 ham khi biogas<br /> khdng hdi thdi va khdng cd cac mam benh va cd<br /> cd the tich tif 5m-^ trd len cd the dii chay may<br /> dai, giau chat dinh difdng lam phan bdn eai tao<br /> phat dien cd cdng sua't tif 2,5 - 5 KVA. Viee thay<br /> da't, tao ra san pham ndng nghiep sach; xuf ly<br /> the cac loai may phat dien chay bang ddng cd<br /> phan rac va nifdc thai, lam sach mdi tnfdng, loai<br /> xang vdi cdng sua't nhd IKW, 2KW va 4KW<br /> bd khdi bui va ndng bufe khi dun na'u, han che<br /> sang sii dung nhien lieu khi biogas ddi vdi cae<br /> cac benh phdi va mat cho ngufdi npi trd... Ta't ca<br /> hd ehan nudi nhd khoang tif 10 den 30 con ldn<br /> nhiing dieu ky dieu nang lifdng khi sinh hpc dem<br /> thit la rat thich hdp. Ngifdi chan nudi chi tdn ehi<br /> lai gdp phan phat trien mot nen ndng nghiep<br /> phi cho mdt lan lap dat ham khi biogas va<br /> sinh thai bin vffng. Neu nhif dif an: Nang eao<br /> khoang 1 trieu dong cho bd chuyen ddi edng<br /> chat lufdng an toan san pham ndng nghiep va<br /> nang la cd the sii dung du'dc nguon nang lufdng<br /> nay. Theo tinh toan, nhiet lifdng hifu Ich cua Im^ phat tri|n chifdng trinh khi sinh hpe tinh Bac<br /> sinh hpc tifdng du'dng vdi 0,95 lit dau, gan bang Giang difdc trien khai rapt each cd hieu qua tuf<br /> 4,4 kg ciii, 6 kg rdm ra, tifdng du'dng 4,5 KW nay den nam 2015 se ngay cang gdp phan nang<br /> dien. Khi chuyen sang dung nhien lieu biogas, eao hieu qua v l mat kinh te eung nhu bao ve<br /> may chay em hdn, khi thai sach hdn va cdng mdi tnfdng eho ngifdi dan khu vife ndng thdn./.<br /> <br /> <br /> S0O5/2OIO<br /> KH O A J H Q C www.bacgiang.gov.vn/skhcn<br />