KET QUA HOAT DQNG KH&CN<br />
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HIEU QUA UKG DUNG KHOA HOC CONG NGHE<br />
TRONG NUOI TRONG THUY SAN Nl/dC LO 6 THANH HOA<br />
Le Xuan Kham<br />
sd NN&PTNT Thanh Hoa<br />
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giao tli Vien Nghien ciiu NTTS 3, Trung tam nghien<br />
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T<br />
hanh Hda la tinh duyen hai Bac Trung Bp cd<br />
tiem nang Idn ve nudi thuy san nudc Id; dieu eiiu san xuat gid'ng hai san Thanh Hda da san xuat<br />
kien thdi tiet tUdng ddi thuan ldi: Mua ddng dupe 600.000 gid'ng cua bet thed quy trinh san<br />
khdng ret dam nhu eac tinh Bae Be, muia he nhiet xuat gidng nhan tad; trien khai me hinh Udng nudi<br />
do khdng cao nhu cac tinh mien Trung khac; dien cua bpt thanh eua gidng, nudi eua thUdng pham<br />
tich tiem nang cho nudi la 8.000ha, da dUa vao khai ban tham canh, nang suat 1 tan/ha. Tii day, ngUdi<br />
thae gan 5,000ha; lUe lupng ngudi lam nghe nuoi nudi eua bien b Thanh Hda da ed dja chi tin cay ve<br />
ddng dad, cd nghe nghiep truyen thdng lau ddi, can eon gidng, ve eae quy trinh cdng nghe Udng va<br />
cu chju khd. Vdi nhufng dae diem de, nghe nudi nudi eua. Phdng trad nudi cua nhufng nam gan day<br />
trong thuy san nudc Id b Thanh Hoa rat cd kha phat trien rat manh va dat ket qua cae ca ve nang<br />
nang phat trien de tao ra khdi lupng san pham chd suat, san lupng va hieu qua kinh te - xa hpi. O mgt<br />
tieu dung npi dja va xuat khau. Sd dja phUdng nhU Quang XUdng, Hdlng Hda,<br />
Ben canh nhufng thuan Ipi, thue te nhOmg nam Nga Sdn nghi nudi tdm su khdng cdn la ddc tdn<br />
qua ehe thay nudi trdng thuy san (NTTS) nUdc Id d nhu trUde nufa, thay vad dd la nudi cua bien bang<br />
Thanh Hda cdn gap khdng ft khd khan, lam anh gidng san xuat nhan tad (nhan dan ggi ndm na la<br />
hUdng den ket qua nudi trdng ddi vdi mgt sd loai "eua trai"). TC/ met sd md hinh nudi cua hinh thiie<br />
thuy san nu6e Id dac trUng nhU tdm su, tdm rao, ban tham canh vdi nang suat dat 1,1 - 1,5 tan/ha<br />
tdm chan trang, cua xanh, ca bdng, ea vUpe... Met nhu he gia dinh dng Tac (Nga Tan - N^a Sdn), dng<br />
trdng nhufng khd khan, tdn tai dd la: Cdng tae quy Tuan (Quang Khe - Quang XUdng) trdng cac nam<br />
hoach vung nudi ehua dUdc dat ra dung miic; dd'i 2005, 2006, den nam 2007 - 2008 day len thanh<br />
tUdng nudi tdm la dpc canh (trUde 2004 ehu yeu la pheng trad nha nha nudi cua, Trudc day, trdng tinh<br />
nudi tdm su). Mdi trudng ngay cang d nhiim, trong chi kheang 500ha ngUdi dan tha eua tU nhien<br />
khi cdng nghe nudi chUa that sU phu hpp, hieu biet khdng cho an them, nay den hdn 200ha trien khai<br />
ve khoa hgc ky thuat mdi trudng cua ngUdi nudi rat nudi cd dau tU che an va cham see, Vdi viec phat<br />
han ehe, ngudn gidng khai thae tU nhien ngay cang trien nudi cua "6 at" trdng nhufng nam gan day,<br />
can kiet, ngudn gid'ng nhan tad san xuat tai chd qua dang tiim an nhiing hiem hpa khdn lUdng. Dd la<br />
it, gid'ng phai di tii vung khac ve khdng kiem seat djch benh tren dien rdng, ed the dan den mat mua<br />
dupe djch benh... hang leat, De tranh va giam thieu tdn that dd'i vdi<br />
Trudc tinh hinh khd khan dd, nganh Thuy san nghi nudi cua trong tinh, cung la bai hpc rut ra tii<br />
(nay la NN&PTNT) Thanh Hda da trien khai thUc nudi tdm su, thee chung tdi, chinh quyin cac dja<br />
hien nhieu nhiem vu khea hpe va cdng nghe phUdng, cae nganh chiie nang can phai: Xay dUng<br />
(KHCN); td chiic tham quan, hpc tap eac me hinh k i hdach, quy trinh cac vung nudi cua phu hdp,<br />
dng dung KHCN nudi trdng thuy san nUde Ip d cac tang cUdng cdng tac quan ly gidng, dae biet la cua<br />
tinh ngoai.,. nham dua nghe nudi trdng thuy san gidng di tii noi khac v i trong tinh. Tang cudng cdng<br />
phat trien trd lai. Tti 2004 trd lai day, mpt sd dU an tac khuyen ngu, td chiic dao tad, tap huan cho<br />
KHCN da dupe trien khai dat kit qua kha quan, gdp ngudi dan v i ky thuat nudi cua nhu: cai tao ao<br />
phan lam tang hieu qua NTTS theo hudng dn djnh, dam, chpn lua con gid'ng, cdng nghe nudi eua<br />
ben vufng, Dien hinh la: gid'ng thanh cua thit, quan ly mdi trudng nudi va<br />
- Du an "ling dung tien bp KHCN san xuat gid'ng dich benh,,,<br />
cua bien (Scylla paramamesain) tai Thanh Hda" dd - Du an "ling dung KHCN san xuat gidng ea<br />
Trung tam nghien ciiu san xuat gidng hai san bdng bdp va nudi thUdng pha'm tai Nga Sdn -<br />
Thanh Hda chu tri thuc hien (10/2004 den 6/2006), Thanh Hda" dd Trai san xuat gidng thuy san Tan<br />
Treng 20 thang tiep thu cdng nghe 6\jac chuyen Son - Nga Son ehu tri thuc hien bat dau tii 10/2007<br />
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KH&CN Thanh Hoa so (1+2)/2009 17<br />
KET QUA HOAT OONG KH&CN<br />
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Cua me dm<br />
trimg da qua xit<br />
ly chuan bi cho<br />
de nhan tao<br />
tai Trung tam<br />
Nghien ciru va<br />
san xuat<br />
giong hai san<br />
Hodng Thanh,<br />
HoSng Hda<br />
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Tiep nhan chuyen giae cdng nghe tii Vien nghien 2007), hd anh Hung d Hdang Phu - Hdang Hda dat<br />
eiiu Hai san - Hai Phdng, d i n nay Du an da thuc tren 15 tan/ha/vu (nam 2008); nudi tren ao dat<br />
hien Xdng budc 1 (nam thii nhat) vdi kit qua kha vung trieu cd Cdng ty Cd phan Gidng thuy san<br />
td't: Oat san lupng 36 van/35 van k i hoach ca Thanh Hda dat 9 tan/ha/vu (nam 2008). Mdt sd md<br />
gid'ng, dupe ddng dao ba con cac dja phUdng hinh thanh cdng ed lai dat tdi 150 - 250 trieu/ha,<br />
Thanh Hda, Ninh Binh, Nam Djnh, Hai Phdng chap chd thay tdm chan trang thuc sU la ddi tupng nudi<br />
nhan tieu thu hit. V i me hinh nudi thUdng pha'm, hap d i n , Tuy vay, md hinh nudi tdm chan tring rat<br />
da td chiie hang chuc me hinh nudi ca bdng bdp khd phat trien, vi nhiiu yeu cau khd dap iing nhif:<br />
(mua ca gid'ng eua Du an), met sd md hinh ehe thu Cd Sd ha tang phai du diiu kien nudi tham canh;<br />
hdach san pham nang suat 2 tan/ha, ldi nhuan dat cen gidng phai sach benh; dau tu idn (suat dau ti/<br />
90 - 100 trieu ddng/ha, hdn hSn nudi tdm su. Dien 300 - 400 trieu ddng/ha), ngUdi nudi phai cd hieu<br />
hinh nhu cae he: Ong Cd, dng Sang (Nga Tan), dng biet ve ky thuat va tuan thu thee met quy trinh nudi<br />
Trudng, dng Sinh (Nga Thanh). nghiem ngat.,. (Den nay Thanh Hda mdi cd<br />
Tuy vay, trdng trien khai Du an cdn met sd khd khdang 50ha dien tich dUa vae nudi, va khdng phai<br />
khan nhu: Khd ehu dpng v i gidng ca bd me, dd vu nao eung thanh cdng),<br />
phai lufu giuva nudi qua miia ddng gia lanh d miin Tli kit qua trien khai cac dU an va md hinh iing<br />
Bac; gia thanh cdn gid'ng cdn cae sd vdi kha nang dung KHCN trdng nudi thuy san nUdc Id trdng tinh,<br />
dau tu cua ngudi dan (70 - 90 trieu ddng chd thay tiim nang phat trien NTTS nudc Id b<br />
gidng/ha),,. Day la van d i rail can su tie'p tuc quan Thanh Hda la rat Idn. De khdi day manh me tiim<br />
tam, hd trp tii phia Nha nUdc va cac nha khoa hpc nang nay, Nha nudc can cd cac chinh sach he trd,<br />
d i chu dpng dupe ngudn ea bd me va giam gia Ben canh dd can lua chgn cac giai phap dau tuf<br />
thanh ca gid'ng, KHCN phu hgp; cac ddn vj san xuat gid'ng phai cd<br />
Ben canh ddi tupng nudi truyin thdng, vai nam trach nhiem va phai chju trach nhiem ddi vdi san<br />
nam gan day, mpt sd dPn vi va hd dan trong tinh pha'm cung cap chd thj trudng. NgUdi nudi can nang<br />
da du nhap gidng tdm chan trang ve nudi. Kit qua cao nang luc hieu biit ve KHCN trong xii ly mdi<br />
that su kha quan: Nudi tdm tren cat cd hp anh trudng nudi, chgn gidng dam bao chat lUdng. che<br />
Ddng d Hai An - TTnh Gia dat 14 tan/ha/vu (nam dd cham sdc,..<br />
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18 KH&CN Thanh Hoa so {1+2)/2009<br />
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