Cuốn sách “Hướng dẫn viết đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh” của tác giả Thanh Thảo – Thanh Hoa biên soạn nhằm hướng dẫn một cách chi tiết để giúp các bạn học sinh, sinh viên viết đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh. Sách được chia thành 2 phần, mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung phần 1 cuốn sách.
AMBIENT/
Chủ đề:
Nội dung Text: Hướng dẫn một số phương pháp viết đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh: Phần 1
- C K .0 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 4 5
► D u n g d u n g c d c tir lo q i 1
► P h o t tr ie n k y n d n g v ie t d a n g n g u p h d p
► H o n 2 0 0 b d i ta p v d v i d u cd k e m d a p d n
► T v k id m tr a v d c d n g cd k ie n th d c
- Hiidng dan viet dung
ngU phap tieng Anh
- TH A N H THAO - THANH HOA
N h o m b ie n s o a n
HlTdNG DAN V IET DUNG
NGU* PHAP TIENG ANH
> Dung dung cac tti loai
> P h at trien ky nang viet dung ngii phap
> Hdn 200 bai t&p va vi du co kem dap an
V Tu kiem tra va cung co kien thiic.
NHA XUAT BA N TITDIEN BACH KHOA
- L Cf l NOI DAU
M$t trong nhtfng vSfn d i m i h iu hSt c i c ht?c viSn tiS'ng Anh, k&
c i hoc sinh - sinh viSn, c[uan tim l i lim sao cd th S tu ki&m tra
nhOng diSu minh ndi hay viS’t AH dung ngO phip chira, ho£c ddi luc
ti/ thjfy bd'i rS'i khSng biS’t nSn dung theo c ic h n io cho dung ngtf
phip hoSc nin chon tir th£ n io cho c iu v2n ngin gcpn, sue t(ch.
Xu/t p h it tCr mtfi quan tim d6, dSng thbi cung nhJlm giup htpc
viSn tu tin hern khi sd dijng tlS'ng Anh. chung tS i biSn soan c\uy$r\
"Hudng dSn viS't dung ngO phip t\£ng Anh". trinh I?Ay nhUng vkn dS
c in b in m i hoc viSn c in nim vOng d S c6 t h i dung dung ngQ phip
tiin g Anh trong c i c b ii viSt v i b ii nghiSn cuu cda mmh.
5 ic h gSm 5 phin, duqc b8 eye thinh 14 chucmg theo tung chJ
di£m rd rin g nhim hudng d in c ic h dung dung c i c tuf loai nhu
dSng tCr, danh tir. tmh tt>, dal tir, v.v...; phin biSt c i c iSi ngO phip
thudng g ip nhu tSi chi'm c iu , iSi chfnh t i , iSi viS’t hoa, v i iSi cu
phip; viS't c iu dung v i hoin chlnh; p h it t r iin b ii viS't theo vin
phong riSng c Ja minh nhung nhim dung v io muc dfch v i loai dSi
tLlong m i minh quan t im d i b ii viS't dat hiSu
- PHAN 1
ChAo MLTNq dEN vuNq
dAT NqCr phAp
******************************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- ©Htf0N6 9
&&Loai 9
Toi co c a n d ? c chiramg n a y k h o n g ?
Ban ucu doc clui'o'iit* uav ucu ban can 6 u lai
lioac
• hoc
• vc
Tinh tu (Adjective)
Trang tu (Adverb)
Li?n tu (Conjunction)
Than tu (Interjection)
Danh tu (Noun)
—^ Gioi tu (Preposition)
Dai tu (Pronoun)
Cong tu (Verb)
rong chiTOng nay, ban se on tap ve tCr loai mot cach chuan mu’c
6
T de biet cac tir ghep lai vdi nhau tao ra nghia nhu”the nao. Trong
cac chiTOng sau, ban se hoc cach siTa loi do dung sai tir loai
- Tieng Anh la mot ngon ngtf rSft linli hoat. Nghla
cua tuf khong nhffng bSt ngu6n tir cach viet va pliat
3m ma con tuf cach suf dung tuf do trong cau. Khi ban
on tap tuf loai, hay nhcl rang cach dung tuf trong cau quyet
dinli no la tuf loai nao. VI du:
Danh tuf: I ate fish for dinner.
Toi da an cd vdo bita toi.
Dong tuf: We fish in the lake on every Tuesday.
C hung toi cau cd o' ho vdo moi thit ba.
Tinh tit
Tinh tuf la tuf dung de mieu ta danh tu* va dai tir. Tinh tu" tra Idi nhffng
cau hoi nhtf: What kind (Loai gi)? How much (Bao nhieu)? Which one
(Cai nao)? How many (May cai)? Vi du nhu":
What kind? red nose gold ring
How much? more sugar little effort
Which one? second chance those chocolates
How many? several chances six books
Co nam loai tinh tu": tinh tu" chung, tinh tuf rieng, tinh tijf ghep, mao ti*
va tinh tu" bat dinh.
1. Tinh tir chung mieu ta danh tffhoac dai tijf.
Strong man
Green plant
Beautiful view
2. Tinh tif rieng difOc tao ra tuf danh tir rieng.
California vegetables (tir danh tir “California”)
Mexican food (tir danh tir “M exico”)
3. Tinh tir ghep diTOc tao nen tir hai tir trd len.
7
- Far-off country
Teenage person
4. Mao tCr la mot dang tinh tff d&c biet. Co ba mao tff la: a, an, the.
The dffdc goi \k “mao tir x4c dinh” vi no chi nhffng vat x£c dinh.
A va an dffOc goi la “mao tir bat dinh” vi chung chi nhffng vat
chung chung. Sffdunga vdi tirbifr d a u b in g phu am; dilng an trffdc
tvr b
- yy\c^o- f\i\&
Tinh tuf vi ngfl la tinh tiif cach danh tijf hofic dai tijf
bdi mot dong tCf lien k£t. Tinh tuf vi ngfl co chufc nSng
mieu ta chu ngff cua cSu.
The w eather was cold all week.
Thbi tiet lanh leo cd tudn.
Trang tit
Trang tuf la tCr mieu ta dong tff, tinh tff hoSc trang tff kMc. Trang tff tra
Idi nhffng cau h6i nhff: When (khi nao)? Where (d dau)? How (nhff the"
nao)? hoSc To what extent (Tdi mffc nao)?
W hen? left yesterday begin now
W here? fell below move up
How? happily sang danced badly
To what extent? partly finished eat completely
Hau het trang tff dffdc thanh lap b^ng cach them -ly vao sau tinh tff.
Vi du:
Adjective Adverb
Quick — quickly
Careful — carefully
Accurate — accurately
Day la mot vai trang tff khong -ly thffdng dung:
afterward almost already also back even
far fast hard here how late
long low more near never next
now often quick rather slow soon
still then today tomorrow too when
where yesterday
9
- Hay theo nhffng nguyen tic n&y khi ban dilng trang tff:
1. Sfrdung trang tff de mieu ta dong tff.
Experiments using dynamite must be done carefully.
verb adv.
Cac thi nghiem dung chat no dinamit phdi thuc hien mot cach c \
than.
2. Diing trang tff de mieu ta tinh tff.
Sam had an unbelievably huge appetite for chips,
adv. Adj.
Sam me an khoai tdy ran den mice khong tudng tuong noi.
3. Dung trang tff de mieu ta mot trang tff khac.
They sang so clearly.
adv. adv.
Ho hat rd lam sao.
c >
T rang tuf lien ket ditac suf dung de noi ttt, noi y va
V\& ) ) ) doan v3n.
accordingly again also besides
consequently finally for example fu rth erm o re
however indeed m oreover on the o th e r hand
otherwise nevertheless then th erefo re
v
Ct2n tit
Lien tff noi tff hoac cum tff va cho biet cac tff co lien he vdi nhau nhtf
the" nao. Co ba loai lien tff: lien tff dang lap (coordinating conjunctions),
lien tff tffdng lien (correlative conjunctions) va lien tiTchinh phu (subor
dinating conjunctions).
10
- 1. Lien tff din g lap lien ket nhffng tff hoac cum tff tiWng du’dng. Co
bay lien tff dang lap:
for and nor but or yet so
y y \c .
Suf dung t£f sau day de nlicf bay lien tuf dang lap:
FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
2. Lien tff tffdng lien cung lien ket nhffng tff hoac cum tff tU’dng dU’dng
nhffng luon di theo cSp. Day la cac lien tff tffdng lien:
both ... and either... or
n e ith e r... nor not only ... but also w hether... or
3. Lien tff chinh phu lien ket mot menh de doc lap (mot cau hoan
chinh) vdi mot menh de phu (fragment - cau chtfa hoan chinh).
Sau day la nhffng lien tff chinh phu thirdng dung nhat:
after although as as if
as long as as soon as as though because
before even though if in order that
since so that though till
unless until when whenever
where wherever
o^cl hcnr loix.tr o r
Than tit
Than tff d iin dat cam xuc manh me. Vi than tff khong lien ket vdi tff
khac trong cau theo ngff phap nen than tff diTdc tach khoi phan c5n lai
cua cau bang mot dau phay hoac dau cham than. Vi du:
• Oh! What a shock you gave me with that gorilla suit.
Oi! Ban lam toi l/ uu sdc vdi bo do khi dot do.
• Wow! That’s not a gorilla suit!
Wow! Do khong phdi la bo do khi dot!
11
- Danh til
Danh tiif la tff de goi ten ngirdi, ndi chon, sff vat. Danh tir gom c ic loa|
sau: danh tir chung, danh tir rieng, danh tir gh6p va danh tir tap hdp.
1. Danh tir chung goi ten bat cff ai hay vat gi thuoc mot ldp ngirdi, nci
chon hay sir vat.
girl city food
2. Danh tir rieng goi ten mot ngirdi, ndi chon hoSc vat cu the. Danh ti|
rieng luon dffdc viet hoa.
Barbara New York City Rice-a-Roni
3. Danh tir gh6p la hai hay nhieu danh tir cilng lam chffc nang cua|
mot ddn vi tir. Mot danh tir gh6p cd the la hai tir rieng bi
- D a n h tiif s o n h ieu
Day la nhffng nguyen L&c thanh lap danh tff sd nhieu.
1. Them s de tao th&nh danh tff sd nhieu doi vdi da so" danh tff.
cat —> cats computer -» computers
2. Them es neu danh tff tan ciing bkng s, sh, ch ho&c x.
wish —> wishes
inch -» inches
box -» boxes
3. Neu danh tff tan cilng la phu am -y, thi doi y thanh i va them es.
city -> cities
lady -> ladies
4. Neu danh tff tan cung blng nguyen.am - y thi chi can them 5. Tuy
nhien, nhffng tff tan cilng la -quy khong theo nguyen t^c nay (nhff
trong solioquies).
essay -> essays
monkey -> monkeys
Glal til
Gidi tff lien ket mot danh tff hoSc dai tff dffng sau no vdi mot tff khac
trong cau. Dung bang sau de giup ban nhan ra vai gidi tff dffOc sff dung
nhieu nhat:
about above across after against along
amid around as at before behind
beloft beneath beside between beyond but
by despite down during except for
from in inside into like near
on onto of off opposite out
outside over past since through to
toward under undemea.!' t
' *
upon with
13
- Gidi tijf luon co mot danh tff ho3c dai tir theo sau. Mot cum gidi tir bac
gom mot gidi tvr va doi tffdng cua no. Cum gidi tff cd the gom hai hoac ba
tir.
on the wing in the door
Tuy nhien, cum gidi tirco the dai hdn nhieu, tiiy thuoc vao do dai cua
gidi tir va cac tir bo nghla cho doi tffdng cua gidi tir.
Near the violently swaying oak trees
Gan may cay soi dang du dua dCt d(>i
On account o/his nearly depleted bank account
Vi tdi khodn ngan hang gdn can kiet cua anh ay
Dal til
Dai tir la tir dffdc dung de thay the" danh tir hoac dai tir khac. Dai tir
giup ban tranh lap lai mot cach khong can thiet khi viet va ndi. Dai tir lay
nghla cua danh tir ma no thay the". Danh tir do dffdc goi la tien ngff (ante
cedent).
Although Seattle is damp, it is my favorite city.
antecedent pronoun
Mac du Seattle dm udt, do la thanh pho.
Cd nhieu loai dai tff khac nhau. Hau het dai tffdeu cd tien ngff, nhffng
mot so" it thi khong can tien ngff.
Tir tien ngtf (antecedent) co nguon goc tiT tieng La
tinh, nglua la “di triidc” . Tuy n h ien , tien ngff khong
n hat th iet pliai xuat hien trifdc dai tijf trong cau. nlitfng
thUdng la th e , de lam cho cau ro rang va tra n h hieu sai.
1. Dai tffnhan xffng (personal pronoun) dung de chi mot ngirdi, ndi
chon, do vat cu the.
i/i
- S o ft So'nhieu
Ngoi thtf nhat I, me, mine, my we, us, our, ours
Ngoi thtf hai you, your, yours you, your, yours
Ngoi thtf ba he, him, his, she, they, them, their, theirs, its
her, hers, it
2. Dai tir sd htfu (possessive pronoun) dung de chi quyen sd thuoc. Dai
tir sd htfu la your, yours, his, hers, its, ours, their, theirs, whose.
Is this beautiful plant yours?
Co phdi cai cay dep de nay Id cua ban khong?
Yes, it’s ours.
Vang, no la cua chung toi.
Difng nliam lan dai tif nhan xtfng vdi tijf ru t gon.
Dai tiif nlian xtfng khong bao gid co dSu IiTOc, trong khi
tuf ru t gon Iuon co dau lifdc. Hay suf dung bang sau:
D ai tif Tiif ru t g
- 4. Dai tir nhan manh (intensive pronoun) cung tan cung b&ng -5d
hoilc -selves nhUng chi nhan manh them cho danh tir h o ic dai tij
Tricia herself picked out the car.
m
Tu Tricia chon chiec xe.
5. Dai tir chi dinh (demonstrative pronoun) htfdng sir chu
- anybody
anything
either
little
neither
no one
one
somebody
something
7 Dai tir nghi van (interrogative pronoun) dilng de d&t cau hoi, bao
gom: what, which, who, whom, whose.
Who would like to cook dinner?
Ai muon nau bCta toi?
Which side does the fork go on?
Ngd ba di tiep ben nao ?
8. Dai tir bat dinh (indefinite pronoun) dilng de chi ngffdi, ndi chon, do
vat ma khong chi ra mot cai cu the nao. Nhffng dai tff bat dinh dffdc
liet ke cf trang trffdc.
Oong til
Dong tff dilng de chi mot hanh dong hoSc mieu ta mot trang th£i ton
ai. Cau nao cung phai co dong tff. Co ba loai dong tff can ban la: dong
ff chi hanh dong (action verb), dong tff lien ket (linking verb) va trd dong
ff (helping verb).
D o u g tif c h i h a n h d o n g
Dong tff chi hanh dong cho ta biet chu ngff lam gi. Hanh dong co the
hay bang m&t (jump, kiss, laugh) hoac trong tinh than (think, learn, study).
The cat broke Louise’s china.
Con meo da lam vd mon do sii cua U)uise.
I f>M«9CTHAi NGUYEN
*\rn TAUUAAVVPIT 17
- Louise considered buying a new china cabinet.
Louise can nhac xem co nen mua mot cai tu sut mdi khong.
Dong tiif chi hanh dong c6 hai loai la ngoai dong tif va noi d$ng til|
Ngoai dong tff can phai co mot bo ngff trffc tiep.
The boss dropped the ball.
Ong chu lam rdi qua banh.
The workers picked it up.
Cac cong nhan nhat no len.
Noi dong tif khong can bo ngff trtfc tiep.
Who called?
A igoiday?
The tem perature fell over night.
Nhiet do tut xuong vdo ban dem.
Trong mot cau, d
- Nhieu dong tCr lien ket cung co the lam dong tir chi hanh dong.
Lien ket: The kids looked sad.
Bon tre trong co ve buon.
Hanh dong: I looked for the dog in the pouring rain.
Toi tim con cho trong con mua tdm ta.
yy\e*>
De biet dong tiif dtfdc suf dung la dong tuf lien ket
hay dong tuf chi hanh dong, hay thay th§” dong tijf do
bang am , are hofic is. Neu dpc len thay co nghla thi
dong tuf ban dau la dong tuf lien ket.
Tr
- Thin tur
Danh tur
Gidi tu
Dai tu
D
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