Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services - Chapter 1

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Nội dung Text: Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services - Chapter 1

Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Handbook of Safety and Health for the Service Industry Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services Industrial Safety and Health for Infrastructure Services Industrial Safety and Health for Administrative Services Industrial Safety and Health for People-Oriented Services ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
HANDBOOK OF SAFETY AND HEALTH FOR THE SERVICE INDUSTRY Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services Charles D. Reese ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-5378-4 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, trans- mitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright. com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reese, Charles D. Industrial safety and health for goods and materials services / Charles D. Reese. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4200-5378-4 (alk. paper) 1. Service industries--United States--Safety measures. 2. Service industries--Employees--Health and hygiene--United States. 3. Retail trade--Employees--Health and hygiene--United States. 4. Wholesale trade--Employees--Health and hygiene--United States. 5. Materials handling--United States--Safety measures. I. Title. HD7269.S452U6742 2009 658.3’82--dc22 2008013268 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Contents Preface Author Introduction to the Service Industry Chapter 1 1.1 NAICS 1.2 Employment in the Service Industry 1.3 Safety 1.4 Why Trauma Prevention? 1.5 Accidents or Incidents 1.6 Comprehensive Accident Prevention 1.7 Fatality and Injury Proﬁle for the Service Industry 1.8 Occupational Illnesses in the Service Industry References Wholesale Trade Chapter 2 Proﬁle of Retail Workers’ Deaths, Injuries, and Illnesses 2.1 2.1.1 Deaths 2.1.2 Injuries 2.1.3 Illnesses 2.2 Hazards Faced by Wholesale Workers 2.3 Occupations 2.4 Applicable OSHA Regulations References Retail Trade Chapter 3 3.1 Retail Trade 3.1.1 Motor Vehicle and Part Dealers 3.1.2 Clothing, Accessory, and General Merchandise Stores 3.1.3 Grocery Stores Proﬁle of Retail Workers’ Deaths, Injuries, and Illnesses 3.2 3.2.1 Deaths 3.2.2 Injuries 3.2.3 Illnesses 3.3 Hazards Faced by Retail Workers 3.4 Occupations 3.4.1 Motor Vehicle and Part Dealers 3.4.2 Clothing, Accessory, and General Merchandise Stores ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
3.4.3 Grocery Stores 3.5 Applicable OSHA Regulations References Warehousing Chapter 4 Proﬁle of Warehousing Workers’ Death, Injuries, and Illnesses 4.1 4.1.1 Deaths 4.1.2 Injuries 4.1.3 Illnesses 4.2 Hazards Faced by Warehousing Workers 4.3 Occupations 4.4 Applicable OSHA Regulations References OSHA and Its Regulations Chapter 5 5.1 Federal Laws 5.2 OSHACT 5.3 Content of the OSHACT 5.4 Regulation Process 5.5 Federal Register 5.6 Purpose of OSHA 5.7 Code of Federal Regulations 5.8 CFR Numbering System 5.9 OSHA Standards Cover 5.10 Copies of the OSHA Standards 5.11 Relief (Variance) from an OSHA Standard OSHACT Protects 5.12 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s Role 5.13 Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission’s Role 5.14 Employers Are Responsible for Workers’ Safety and Health 5.15 Workers’ Rights 5.16 Workers’ Responsibilities under the Law 5.17 5.18 Right to Not Be Discriminated Against 5.19 Right to Know 5.20 Environmental Monitoring Results 5.21 Personal Protective Clothing 5.22 OSHA Inspections 5.23 OSHA Receives a Complaint 5.24 Citations 5.25 Types of Violations 5.26 Challenging Citations, Penalties, and Other Enforcement Measures 5.27 Workers Get the Results of an Inspection 5.28 Determining Penalties 5.29 State Programs ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Workers’ Training 5.30 5.31 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses 5.32 Medical and Exposure Records 5.33 Posting 5.34 Summary Safety and Health Management Chapter 6 6.1 Safety and Health Management 6.1.1 Safety and Health Policy 6.1.2 Goals and Objectives 6.1.3 Visible Top Management Leadership 6.1.4 Assignment of Responsibility 6.1.5 Provision of Authority 6.1.6 Accountability 6.1.7 Program Evaluation 6.2 Safety and Health Programs 6.3 Reasons for a Comprehensive Safety Program 6.4 Building a Safety and Health Program 6.4.1 Management Commitment and Employee Involvement 6.4.2 Hazard Identiﬁcation and Assessment 6.4.3 Hazard Prevention and Control 6.4.4 Information and Training 6.4.5 Evaluation of Program Effectiveness 6.4.6 Multiemployer Workplaces 6.5 Characteristics of an Occupational Safety and Health Program 6.5.1 Factors Affecting Safety and Health 6.6 Summary Safety Hazards Chapter 7 7.1 Emphasis on Hazards 7.2 Accident Causes 7.2.1 Direct Causes 7.2.2 Indirect Causes 7.2.3 Basic Causes 7.3 Summary Health Hazards Chapter 8 8.1 Occupational Illnesses 8.2 Identifying Health Hazards 8.3 Health Hazards 8.3.1 Acute Health Effects 8.3.2 Chronic Health Effects 8.3.3 Chronic Disease 8.3.4 Birth Defects=Infertility ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
8.4 Biological Monitoring 8.4.1 Medical Questionnaire 8.4.2 Pulmonary Function Tests 8.4.3 Electrocardiogram 8.4.4 Chest X-Ray 8.5 Hazardous Chemicals 8.5.1 Carcinogens 8.6 Ionizing Radiation 8.7 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss 8.8 Nonionizing Radiation 8.9 Temperature Extremes 8.9.1 Cold Stress 8.9.2 Heat Stress 8.10 Vibration Reference Chemical Hazards Chapter 9 9.1 Chemicals 9.2 Routes of Entry and Modes of Action 9.2.1 Eyes 9.2.2 Lungs and Inhalation 9.2.2.1 Respiration 9.2.3 Skin Absorption 9.2.4 Ingestion 9.2.5 Personal Exposure Guides 9.3 Chemical Exposure Guidelines 9.3.1 Time-Weighted Average 9.3.2 Short-Term Exposure Limits 9.3.3 Ceiling Limit 9.3.4 Skin Absorption Notation 9.4 Types of Airborne Contaminants 9.4.1 Dusts 9.4.2 Fumes 9.4.3 Gases 9.4.4 Mists 9.4.5 Vapors 9.5 Typical Hazardous Chemicals 9.5.1 Solvents 9.5.2 Cleaners 9.5.3 Acids and Bases 9.5.4 Adhesives and Sealants 9.5.5 Paints 9.5.6 Fuels 9.6 Exposure Monitoring 9.7 Biological Monitoring ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
9.8 Cancer-Causing Chemicals 9.9 Hazard Communications (1910.1200) 9.9.1 Written HAZCOM Program 9.9.2 Information Provided by the Employer 9.9.3 Training Provided by the Employer 9.9.4 Multiple Employer Sites 9.9.5 Conclusions 9.10 Summary Compressed Gases Chapter 10 10.1 Corrosive and Toxic Gases 10.1.1 Poisonous Gases 10.2 Preventing Compressed Gas Cylinder Accidents 10.2.1 Cylinder Use 10.2.2 Handling 10.2.3 Storage 10.2.3.1 Outside Storage 10.2.3.2 Inside Storage 10.2.4 Moving Cylinders 10.2.5 Transportation of Cylinders 10.2.6 Empty Cylinders 10.2.7 Identiﬁcation and Color Coding 10.2.8 Adequately Securing Cylinders 10.2.9 Cylinder Storage Sheds 10.2.10 Compatibility 10.3 Hoses and Regulators 10.3.1 Inspection . 10.3.2 General Precautions 10.3.3 Operation 10.3.4 Safe Handling and Usage Guidelines 10.4 Compressed Air Safety Guidelines 10.5 Cryogenic Safety 10.5.1 General Precautions 10.5.2 Storage 10.5.3 Hazards 10.5.4 Hazards to Personnel 10.5.4.1 Frostbite=Burns and Skin Lesions 10.5.4.2 Asphyxiation 10.5.4.3 Obscured Vision 10.5.5 Hazards to Equipment 10.5.6 Hazards of Cryogens 10.5.6.1 Extreme Cold 10.5.6.2 Asphyxiation 10.5.6.3 Toxic Hazards 10.5.6.4 Obscured Vision ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
10.5.6.5 High Pressure 10.5.6.6 Dewars in High Magnetic Fields 10.5.6.7 Liquid Oxygen 10.6 Preventing Cryogenic Accidents 10.6.1 Dos 10.6.2 Don’ts 10.7 Compressed Gases in the Service Industry 10.8 OSHA Compressed Gas Regulations: Summary 10.8.1 Compressed Gas Cylinders (29 CFR 1910.101 and .253) 10.8.2 Acetylene (29 CFR 1910.253) 10.8.3 Hydrogen (29 CFR 1910.103) 10.8.4 Nitrous Oxide (29 CFR 1910.105) 10.8.5 Oxygen (29 CFR 1910.253) 10.8.6 Compressed Air (29 CFR 1910.242 and 29 CFR 1926.302) 10.9 Compressed Gas and Cylinder Checklist 10.10 Summary 10.10.1 Basic Safety 10.10.2 Things Not to Do Controls and PPE Chapter 11 11.1 Hazard Prevention and Controls 11.2 Engineering Controls 11.3 Awareness Devices 11.4 Work Practices 11.5 Administrative Controls 11.5.1 Management Controls 11.6 Personal Protective Equipment 11.6.1 Hazard Assessment 11.6.2 Establishing a PPE Program 11.7 Ranking Hazard Controls 11.8 PPE Policies 11.8.1 Safety Clothing 11.8.2 Special Protective Clothing 11.8.3 Safety and Hair Protection 11.8.4 Protecting the Head 11.8.5 Protecting the Eyes and Face 11.8.6 Ear Protection 11.8.7 Protecting Your Hands 11.8.8 Protecting the Feet and Legs 11.8.9 Respiratory Protection 11.9 Summary ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Emergencies Chapter 12 Identiﬁcation of Hazards 12.1 12.2 Emergency Action Plans 12.2.1 Elements of an EAP 12.3 Alarm System 12.4 Evacuation Plan and Policy 12.5 Emergency Responsibility 12.6 Exit Routes 12.6.1 Requirements for Exits 12.6.2 Safety Features for Exit Routes 12.6.3 Design and Construction of Exits 12.7 Accounting for Evacuees 12.8 Rescue Operations 12.9 Medical Care in Emergencies 12.10 Training Employees 12.11 Hazardous Substances 12.12 Emergency Equipment 12.13 Summary Ergonomics Chapter 13 13.1 Identifying Hazards 13.2 Ergonomically Risky Activities 13.2.1 Work Activities 13.2.2 Manual Material Handling 13.3 Ergonomic Risk Factors 13.3.1 Description of Risk Factors 13.3.1.1 Force 13.3.1.2 Repetition 13.3.1.3 Awkward Postures 13.3.1.4 Static Postures 13.3.1.5 Vibration 13.3.1.6 Contact Stress 13.3.1.7 Cold Temperatures 13.4 Physical Work Activities and Conditions 13.5 Limits of Exposure 13.5.1 Duration 13.5.2 Frequency 13.5.3 Magnitude 13.6 Ergonomic Controls 13.6.1 Identify Controls 13.6.2 Assess Controls 13.6.3 Implement Controls 13.7 Tracking Progress 13.8 Education and Training 13.9 Summary ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Fire Hazards Guidelines Chapter 14 14.1 Fire Hazards 14.2 Causes of Fires 14.3 OSHA Standards Requirements 14.4 Avoiding Fires 14.5 Fire Protection and Prevention 14.5.1 Fire Protection 14.5.2 Fire Prevention 14.6 Flammable and Combustible Liquids (29 CFR 1910.106) 14.6.1 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 14.7 Flammable and Combustible Materials 14.8 Fire Suppression Systems Fireﬁghting 14.9 14.10 Fire Hazard Checklist 14.11 Summary Hand Tools Chapter 15 15.1 Preventing Hand Tool Accidents 15.1.1 Hand Tool Key Points 15.1.2 Storing Hand Tools 15.1.3 Old Hand Tools 15.1.4 Ergonomics and Hand Tools 15.1.5 Ergonomically Designed Hand Tools Hand Tool Speciﬁc Safety 15.2 15.2.1 Adjustable Wrenches 15.2.2 Axes 15.2.3 Box and Socket Wrenches 15.2.4 Carpenter’s or Claw Hammer 15.2.5 Chisels 15.2.6 Crowbars 15.2.7 Cutters 15.2.8 Files 15.2.9 Hacksaws 15.2.10 Hammers 15.2.11 Hatchets 15.2.12 Knives 15.2.13 Pipe Tongs 15.2.14 Pipe Wrenches 15.2.15 Pliers 15.2.16 Punches 15.2.17 Riveting Hammers 15.2.18 Shovels 15.2.19 Screwdrivers 15.2.20 Special Cutters ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
15.2.21 Tap and Die Work 15.2.22 Tin Snips 15.2.23 Wood Chisels 15.2.24 Wrenches 15.3 Use of Hand Tools by the Service Industry 15.4 Summary of OSHA Regulation for Hand Tools (29 CFR 1910.242) 15.5 Hand Tool Checklist 15.6 Summary Ladder Safety Chapter 16 16.1 Ladder Safety Program 16.1.1 Management’s Commitment 16.1.2 Training 16.1.3 Hazard Identiﬁcation 16.1.4 Ladder Selection 16.1.5 Control and Prevention 16.2 Dos Don’ts 16.3 16.4 Use of Ladders by the Service Industry 16.5 OSHA Ladder Standards 16.5.1 Fixed Ladders (29 CFR 1910.27) 16.5.2 Portable Ladders (29 CFR 1910.25 and .26) 16.6 Ladder Checklist Lifting Chapter 17 17.1 Back Injuries 17.2 Back Disorders 17.2.1 Factors Associated with Back Disorders 17.2.2 Before a Lift 17.3 Symptoms and Contributors to Injuries 17.4 Records Review: OSHA 300 Log 17.5 Evaluating Back Injuries 17.6 Manual Lifting 17.7 Prevention and Control 17.7.1 Engineering Controls 17.8 Controls and Work Practices 17.9 Summary Machine Safety Chapter 18 18.1 Guarding 18.2 Safe Practices Regarding Machine Guards 18.3 Training 18.4 Safe Operating Procedures ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
18.4.1 Components of an SOP 18.4.2 Guidelines for Writing an SOP 18.4.3 How SOPs Work Reference Material Handling Chapter 19 19.1 Hazards Involved 19.2 Safe Handling 19.2.1 Manual Handling Safety 19.2.2 Mechanical Handling Equipment 19.2.3 Safe Storage of Materials 19.2.4 Safe Stacking of Materials 19.2.5 Housekeeping 19.3 Material-Handling Equipment 19.3.1 Conveyors 19.3.2 Cranes 19.3.3 Slings 19.3.4 Forklifts 19.4 Training and Education 19.5 Material Handling Regulations 19.6 Summary Powered Industrial Trucks (aka Forklifts) Chapter 20 20.1 Forklifts 20.2 Incidence of Lift-Truck Injuries 20.2.1 Unsafe Acts and Conditions 20.2.1.1 Unsafe Acts 20.2.1.2 Unsafe Conditions 20.3 Hazards and Effects 20.4 Prevention Overview 20.5 Types of Powered Industrial Trucks 20.6 Protective Devices 20.7 Work Practices 20.7.1 Selection and Inspection of Trucks 20.7.2 Maintenance and Repair of Trucks 20.7.3 Changing and Charging Storage Batteries 20.7.4 Rated Capacity 20.7.5 Load Testing 20.7.6 Industrial Truck Nameplate 20.8 Safety Tips for Operating Powered Industrial Trucks 20.8.1 Safe Operations 20.8.2 Picking Up and Moving Loads 20.8.3 Traveling with a Load 20.8.4 Stacking and Unstacking Loads ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
20.8.5 Standard Signals 20.8.6 Safety Guards 20.8.7 Trucks and Railroad Cars 20.8.8 Coworker Safety 20.8.9 Pedestrian Safety 20.8.10 Conduct of the Operator 20.9 Training of Operators 20.9.1 General Training Requirements 20.9.2 Training Program Content 20.9.3 Refresher Training and Evaluation 20.9.4 Reevaluation 20.9.5 Avoidance of Duplicative Training 20.9.6 Certiﬁcation 20.9.7 In-House Training Development 20.9.8 Driving Skill Evaluations 20.10 Applicable Standards and Regulations 20.10.1 Forklift Trucks (Powered Industrial Trucks) (29 CFR 1910.178) 20.11 Forklift Checklist 20.12 Summary Reference Workplace Security and Violence Chapter 21 21.1 Workplace Security and Violence 21.1.1 Background 21.1.2 High-Risk Establishments 21.2 Systematic Approach to Prevention 21.3 Management Commitment and Employee Involvement 21.3.1 Management Commitment 21.3.2 Employee Involvement 21.4 Worksite Analysis . 21.4.1 Common Risk Factors in Goods and Materials Sector 21.4.2 Workplace Hazard Analysis 21.4.3 Review of Records and Past Incidents 21.4.4 Workplace Security Analysis 21.4.5 Periodic Safety Audits 21.5 Hazard Prevention and Control 21.5.1 Prevention Strategies 21.5.2 Engineering Controls and Workplace Adaptation 21.5.3 Administrative and Work Practice Controls 21.6 Post-Incident Response 21.7 Training and Education 21.7.1 General Training 21.7.2 Training for Supervisors, Managers, and Security Personnel ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
21.8 Prevention Program Evaluations 21.9 Summary Reference Slips and Trips Chapter 22 22.1 Preventing Slips and Trips 22.2 Preventing Falls to the Same Level 22.3 Stairways 22.3.1 Inspecting Stairways 22.4 Preventing Slips, Trips, and Falls in the Service Industry 22.5 Summary of OSHA Regulations 22.5.1 Walking=Working Surfaces (29 CFR 1910.21 and .22) 22.5.2 Aisles and Passageways (29 CFR 1910.17, .22, and .176) 22.5.3 Floors (General Conditions) (29 CFR 1910.22 and .23) 22.5.4 Guarding Floor and Wall Openings (29 CFR 1910.23) 22.5.5 Protection of Floor Openings 22.5.6 Railings (29 CFR 1910.23) 22.5.7 Stairs, Fixed Industrial (29 CFR 1910.23 and .24) 22.5.8 Toeboards (29 CFR 1910.23) Checklist for Walking=Working Surfaces 22.6 22.7 Summary Other Hazards Chapter 23 23.1 Compressors and Compressed Air (29 CFR 1910.242) Control of Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout=Tagout) 23.2 (29 CFR 1910.147) 23.3 Dockboards (29 CFR 1910.30) 23.4 Electrical (29 CFR 1910.303, .304, .305, .331, and .333) 23.5 Fueling 23.6 Portable (Power-Operated) Tools and Equipment (29 CFR 1910.243) 23.7 Scaffolds (29 CFR 1910.28) Tire Inﬂation 23.8 23.9 Workplace Violence Summary Chapter 24 24.1 Chemicals 24.2 Compressed Gas Cylinders 24.3 Crane Safety 24.4 Emergency Response and Planning 24.5 Ergonomics 24.5.1 Manual Material Handling 24.5.2 Physical Energy Demands ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
24.5.3 Other Musculoskeletal Demands 24.5.4 Environment 24.5.5 General Workplace 24.5.6 Tools 24.6 Fire Protection and Prevention 24.7 Forklifts 24.8 Hand and Portable Power Tools 24.8.1 Hand Tools and Equipment 24.9 Hazard Communication 24.10 Health Hazards 24.11 Ladders 24.11.1 Portable Wooden Ladders 24.11.2 Portable Metal Ladders 24.11.3 Fixed Ladders 24.12 Lifting Safety 24.13 Machine Guarding and Safety 24.14 Material Handling 24.14.1 Material Handling Equipment 24.14.2 Storage Areas 24.14.3 Housekeeping 24.15 Means of Exit 24.16 Medical Services and First Aid 24.17 Rigging 24.18 Slips, Trips, and Falls Common Exposures or Accident Types Appendix A A.1 Accident Types A.1.1 Struck-Against Types of Accidents A.1.2 Struck-By Types of Accidents A.1.3 Contact-By and Contact-With Types of Accidents A.1.4 Caught-In and Caught-On Types of Accidents A.1.5 Caught-Between Types-Of Accidents A.1.6 Fall-to-Same-Level and Fall-to-Below Types of Accidents A.1.7 Overexertion and Exposure Types of Accidents Sample and Blank Material Safety Data Sheets Appendix B Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Assessment Appendix C Assault Incident Report Form Appendix D Bibliography ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Preface Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services deals with goods and materials services, which include the wholesale trade, retail trade, and warehousing and storage sectors. These three sectors handle myriad goods and materials such as furniture, construction materials, machines, equipment, paper products, appliances, hardware items, drugs and sundries, apparel, groceries, chemicals, petroleum prod- ucts, beverages, assorted parts, electronic devices and products, and farming prod- ucts. These are all packed in both large and small boxes or containers that must be handled, unpacked, sorted, and placed on displays or shelves by the workforce. The workers in these three sectors face similar occupationally related safety and health hazards. Some of these hazards are compressed gases, ergonomics-related issues, lifting, material handling, slips, trips, falls, ﬁres, hand tools, chemicals, machines, and equipment. Although the aforementioned hazards are not the only hazards faced by workers in these sectors, they are the most common ones. Because of the diversity in the wholesale trade, retail trade, and warehousing and storage services, other job-speciﬁc hazards may result. This workforce is susceptible to several hazards because of the constant handling and moving of a variety of goods and materials. These hazards can be managed by applying the principles of identiﬁcation, intervention, and prevention, all of which are proven techniques of occupational safety and health. In today’s work environment, workers must be trained for emergencies and security must be provided for both workers and patrons. By adhering to acceptable safe work practices and occupational safety and health regulations, the safety and health of the workforce can be ensured while running a productive business. This book serves as a guide in achieving this objective. Charles D. Reese, PhD ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ß 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.