Kiến thức về sơ đồ chuỗi phản ứng Hóa học hữu cơ: Phần 2

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Nối tiếp nội dung phần 1 tài liệu Sơ đồ chuỗi phản ứng Hóa học hữu cơ, phần 2 cung cấp cho người đọc kiến thức tóm tắt và bài tập về dẫn xuất Hiđrocacbon bao gồm: Dẫn xuất Halogen - Ancol - Phenol, andehit - Xeton - Axit cacbonxylic, este - Lipit, cacbohiđrat, amin - Amino axit - Protein, polime. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.

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Nội dung Text: Kiến thức về sơ đồ chuỗi phản ứng Hóa học hữu cơ: Phần 2

il) Phdn ifn^i too thanh clorini axit hay axyl ilonia i 1. Viet PTHH ciia cac phan iJng trong so d6 hinh ng6i sao sau : CHrC-OH PCI5 CH3-C-CI + HCl + POCI3 II O O Axetyl clorua QHs-C-OH + SOCI2 C6H5-C-CI + HCl + SO2 0 o Benzoyl clorua 3. Dieu che + Trong phong thi nghidm - O x i hod hidrocacbon, ancol, ... CHsCH., '^^""^ > QHsCOOK CftHjCOOH - D i tir dSn xua't halogen : R-COOH + Trong c6ng nghiep A x i t axetic dirge di^u chS'theo phuong phap : - Len men gia'm I I / ^ i i , /-V M e n giam C2H5OH + O2 ^ ^ CH3COOH + H7O - O x i hoa andehit axetic Hirong dan giai CH3CHO +I/2O2 ^^'^°». CH3COOH . CH3CHO + - O 2 > CH3COOH - D i tir metanol va cacbon ( I I ) oxit CH3OH + CO ^^-^"^ CH3COOH . CH3COOH + C2H5OH "2^"^'' > C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 + H , © ' , - Thijy phan nitrin . C H 3 C O O C 2 H 3 + NaOH > CH^COONa + C j H j O H .0 R- C = N + 3H0H R"- OH R- C . CH^COONa + H C l > C H 3 C O O H + NaCl OH OH 5. 2 C H 3 C O O H + 2Na > 2CH3COONa+ H j Chuyen dhn xua't halogen thanh hop chat co magie, r6i cho tac dung vcd CO, va il thuy phan. ,j^ 6. C H 3 C 0 0 N a „ , ^ „ , + N a O H , ^ , „ , _,o,^cn^^ ^ ^^^^^^ ' R.Br R-MgBr R-COOMgBr RCOOH C2H3OH ) CH3CHO B. B A I T A P C H u 6 l P H A N tTNG .CH3CHO+H2 j-C^HjOH • 2CH, '^"""^ ) C , H , ^ 3 H , .fOHr'V^ 10. C 2 H 2 + H , — ^ C H j =CH2 - '• 11. C 2 H 2 + 2 H 2 — ^ C 2 H f , ' '
12. C H . = C H , + — ^ C,H^ I C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C H , + H2O H^svlL,,, > CH.-CHOH-CHj-CH, CH.-C:HOH-CH2-CH, "1'',';'' 17(l"(' ) C H , - C H = C H - C H , + H2O 13. CH2 = C H 2 + H . O —y^C.HjOH W CH,-CH=CH-CH, +Br2 > CH^-CHBr-CHBr-CH^ H i - OH'Vnn 14. C 2 H 5 O H + H C I yCjH^Cl + HjO Jai 4- Hoan thanh phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan ling sau : 15. C , H ^ + C U >C3H3C1 + HC1 I (G) + NaOH - > ( A ) + Na^CO, I (A) > (I) + H2 16. C2H5Cl + N a O H >C2H50H + NaCl (I) (L) Bai 2. Hoan thanh cac chu6i phan irng sau : a. Nhom cacbua - > metan - > axetilen - > etilen etanol -^andehit axetic f (L) +C1: > ( M ) + HC1 b. Tinh bot —> glucozo - > ancol etylic - > axit axetic - > natri axetat - > metan (M) + NaOH - » (N) + (?) + H.O Hiro'ng dan giai I' (N) + HCI ^ (P) + (0) a) A l , C , + 1 2 H . O >3CHj+4Al(OH), (Q) + HNO, ^ C,H:(NO,),(OH) + H.O Hirdng dan giai 2CH4 > C . H , +3H2 CH.COONa,,,,,,, + N a O H , ^ , „ , ^ ^ •> C H ^ + NajCO^ C2H2 + H2 — ^ CH2 = CH2 15()()"C 2CH, ->C2H2+3H2 CH2 =CH, + ) C2H5OH 600" C C2H2 - C.H^OH ) CH.CHO I CfiH, + CI2 > C . H s C I + HCI b- (C,H,„03)^+nH2O-^nC,H,20, C6H5CI + N a O H - > CfiHjOH + NaCl • i7i 'i CftHjOH + 3 H N 0 , "-''^^^ > C , H 2 ( N 0 2 ) 3 ( O H ) + SHjO CftHizOfi ) 2 C 2 H 5 O H + 2CO2 Bai 5. Hoan thanh P T H H cua cac phan irng sau : C2H5OH+ 1/20.-> CH3COOH+ H 2 O a)CH,CHO +AgNO,/ddNH, h) RCHO + A g N O , / dd N H , C H 3 C O O H + NaOH )-CH3COONa + H20 c) C H , C H O + Cu(OH), /dd NaOH -> C H , C O O N a „ , ^ . , „ + NaOH,^,,,, . ^ ^ ^ i i i l l i i l ^ C H , + Na2C03 d) R C H O + C u ( O H ) : /dd NaOH -> Ni.i" Ni.t" Bai 3. Viet PTHH ciia cac phan ling thirc hien day chuy^n hoa sau : e) C H , C H O + H2 0 RCHO + H , h)CH=CH + H 2 0 "^'^ > Ni.l" g) C H , - C O - C H , + H , ^ mt'C ' ^ H,SUJoinK ' ^ |7()"r ^ ^ i) CH,=CH2 + O2 CH,-CHBr- CHBr-CH, Hu-dng dan giai Hirong dan giai ) C H 3 C H O + 2 A g N 0 , /dd NH3 ^ CH3COONH4 + NH4NO3 + 2Ag Dap an : Hoac : A: C 4 H 9 O H ; B: CH2=CH-CH2-CH3, A g N 0 3 + NH3 + H2O - > AgOH + NH4NO3 . ;,, '' D: C H 3 - C H O H - C H 2 - C H , ; E: C H 3 - C H = C H - C H 3 AgOH + 2NH3 ^ [Ag(NH3)2]OH PTHH cua cac phan irng : C H 3 C H O + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH — ! ^ CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 3 N H 3 1 + H2O C4H0OH "g';'' > CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2O
lai 7- Viet PTHH cua cac pu, ho^n thknh chu6i phan umg sau : b) RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH '° > RCOONH4 + 2Ag + SNH, t + H2O + NaOH + 0, c) CH3CHO + Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH CHjCOONa + CU2O + 3 H 2 O •B- •D (Xeton) Cu,t' d) RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + CujO + SHjO -HCl CpH 2n e) CH3CHO + H 2 )CH3CH2QH > ? + NaOH + O, 0 RCHO + H2 > RCH2OH E F ^ Cu.t" g) CH3-CO-CH3 + H2 > CH3-CHOH-CH3 Hu-6'ng dan giai h) CHSCH + H2O "^'^ >CH3CH0 C„H2„+HC1 >C„H2„„C1 i) 2CH2=CH2 + O2 ^''^h'c-a, ^ 2CH3CHO C„H2„+|Cl + NaOH >C„H2„^,0H + NaCl (ancol bac hai) Bai 6. Viet PTHH ciia cac pu thirc hi^n cac bien doi sau : C„H2„,,OH-;^C„,H2,.,„COC,H2,„ a. CH4 -^f^ M • N ^CuO ^ p -^AgNOVNH,^ Q Cu.t' C„H2„^,Cl + NaOH ).C„H2„,,0H + NaCl (ancol bac 1) ^ HgSO, Ni. t" *" Z PC„H2„„0H- +0^ C „ H 2 „ , , C H 0 Cu.t" c. Propilen ^"2°"' ) A )B ^"^^ ) C„H2„.,CH0 + [Ag(NH3)2]OH C„H2„.,COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH31 + H2O Hirong dan giai Bai 8. Cho sa do chuyen hoa sau : a. CH4 + CI2 > CH3CI + HCl + AgNOj/ NH CH3CI + NaOH >CH30H + NaCl ^ 1500°C^ p ^ ^H>0,Hg^\/NH3^ CH3OH ) HCHO I Biet A, B la hidrocacbon; C , D deu la cac hop chat hiJu ca. Xac djnh CTCT cua HCHO ^«N03/NH3 ^HCOOH A, B, C , D va viet PTHH hoan thanh so do chuyen hoa tren. t" Hiro-ng dan giai , b. CaC2+2H20 >C2H2+Ca(0H)2 2CH, '^"""^ >C2H2+3H2 C2H2+2H2O "^^"^ >CH3CH0 CH = CH + 2 [ A g ( N H 3 ) 2 ] O H >AgC = CAg i + 4NH3 t + 2H20 CH3CHO + H 2 )CH3CH20H C2H2+2H2O "'^'"^ >CH3CH0 c. C H 2 = C H - C H 3 + H 2 0 — ^ C H 3 - C H O H - C H 3 CH3CHO + [Ag(NH3)2]OH CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH31 + H2O lai 9. Hoan thanh cac PTHH sau : iM CH3 - CHOH - C H , )CH, - C- CH, 3 II 3 A + AgNOj + N H 3 + H2O — L - > B + C + Ag O C H 3 - C - C H 3 + HCN >CH,-CCN-CH, B + NaOH — ^ D + H2O + NH3 J II J 3 II 3 O OH D + NaOH >E + Na2C03 - * 82 83
Cty TNHH MTVDVVHKhang Vift E + Ch — X + HCI - ^ C H 3 C H O + Cu+ H2O I CH3CH2OH + CuO X + NaOH ' > C.HsOH + G 2 C H 3 C H 2 O H + O2 -^2CH3COOH Biet B la muoi amoni cua axit huu ca dan chuc. ^ : CH3COOH + NaOH CH^COONa + H2O Hiro'ng dan giai I C H 3 C O O N a + NaOH ) CH4 + N a j C O , C2H5CHO + 2 A g N O , + 3 N H , + H2O ' ) C2H5COONH4 + 2NH4NO, + 2Ag I5(M)"C 2CH, -)>C,H.+3H, C2H5COONH4 + N a O H — L - > CjHsCOONa + H2O + N H , C2H2 + H2 > C2H4 CjHsCOONa + NaOH > C2H6 + Na2C0, If I C2H4 + H2O -> CH3CH2OH C2H,, + CI2 > C.H^CI + HCI I CH3CH2OH """'•"-'"-^^'^ > C2H4 + H2O CjH^Cl + N a O H — L - > C,H50H + NaCI CH3CH2OH + H B r - > C H 3 C H 2 B r + H20 Bai 10. Viet day du cac phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac qua trinh sau : C H i C H . B r + NaOH - » C H , C H 2 0 H + NaBr ^\nu CUlaskt) ddNaOH.l" „ CuO.l" ^ AgNO^/NH-,,!*' Bai 11. Viet PTHH ciia cac phan I'rng thirc hien cac bien doi sau : aj C2n(, * > A > t) • > u a) C H , "^'^ ) M >N )P ^^^^"VNH^ ' 4 as ,i> ,1) ,0 b) CH3CH2CH=0 ) M > N 1- t' c) C6H5CH., »• CftHjCHj-Br QH5CH2-OH C6H5CH=0 • b) C a C , X Y C6H5COOH d) C2H2 »'CH,CH=0 CH3CH2OH •CH3COOH = ^ CHjCOONa CuO.l" HCN c) Propilcn ->A- ^ B ^ •CH4 •C2H2 • C2H4 CH3CH2-OH CHjCHi-Br Hirong dan giai C " ^ " " ^ >E )CH, - C O - C H , a) C2H6 + CI2 > C2H5CI + HCI d) A >B H2 \ CjHsCI + N a O H — ^ C2H5OH + N a C I D >F >CH, - C H X H O C2H5OH + CuO — ^ CH3COH + Cu + H2O .0 ^ Hirong dan giai CH3CHO + 2 A g N 0 , + 3NH3 + H2O — ^ CH3COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag aski I) C H 4 + C I 2 > CH^Cl + HCl b) CH3CH2CH=0 +H2 >CH3CH2CH20H CH3CH2CH2OH + HBr ^ CH3CH2CH2Br + H j O CH3CI + NaOH > CH3OH + NaCl c) C6H5CH3 + Brj )C6HsCH2Br + HBr CH,OH ) HCHO CfcHsCHjBr + N a O H - > CoH^CHjOH + NaBr C 6 H 5 C H 2 O H + CuO - > C6H5CHO + Cu + H2O H C H O - ^^^"^^^"^ >HCOOH 2 C , H 5 C H O + 02 ^'^ > 2C6H5COOH b) C a C , + 2 H , 0 ^ C j H j +Ca(OH) d) C 2 H 2 + 2 H 2 O '^^^"^ )CH3CH0 C2H2 + 2 H 2 O — t ^ ^ ^ ^ C H . C H O CH3CHO + Hj >CH3CH^0H CH3CHO+H2 • CH3CH2OH
Sa do chudipitdn ling hda h(>c HOrti cir - NguySn Xudn Trirdmg Cty TNHHMTVDVVHKhang Vi$t 6. CH3CI + CI2 CH2CI2 + HCl c. CH2 =CH-CH3+HjO^^—>CH3-CHOH-CH3 7. C H 2 C I 2 + 2 N a O H ->• H C H O + 2NaCI + H2O CH3-CHOH-CH3 >CH3-C-CH3 5 B a i 14. V i a P T H H c u a cac phan l i n g theo so d o b i e n hoa sau : ^ A3 A4 Metan CH3-C-CH3+HCN >CH3-CCN-CH, dd brom Etilen - A, O OH A6 Anilin C h o biet A2, A 3 tac d y n g v a i A g N 0 3 t r o n g NH3 d) CH3-CH2-CH3 > C H 2 = C H - C H 3 + H2 Htfofng d a n giai CH2=CH-CH3 + HBr ) CHi-CHBr-CH, 1. CH2 = CH2 + Br2 ^ CH2Br - CH2Br - CHj-CHBr-CH, + NaOH > CH3-CHOH-CH3 + NaBr 2. C H j B r - C H j B r + 2 K O H ^ C H = C H + 2 K B r + 2H2O 3. C H = C H + H - O H -> CH3-CHO CH3-CHOH-CH3 + CuO > CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + H2O 4. CH3 - C H O + 2Cu(OH)2 + N a O H ^ CH3 - C O O N a + C u j O j + 3H2O CH2=CH-CH3 + H B r > CH2Br-CH2-CH3 5. C H , - C O O N a + N a O H - > CH4 T + Na2C03 CH2Br-CH2-CH3 + N a O H ) CH,-CH2-CH20H + NaBr 6.3CH = C H CfiHft CH3-CH2-CH2OH + C u O > CH,-CH2-CHO + Cu + H2O 7. CfiHa + H O - NO2 ^ C 6 H 5 - N O 2 + H2O B a i 12. A x i t f o m i c n g o a i t i n h chat a x i t con c 6 t i n h chat c u a m o t a n d e h i t , ichi cho 8. C6H5 - NO2 + 6H C 6 H 5 - N H 2 + 2H2O a x i t f o m i c vao d u n g d j c h Ag20/NH3, d u n nh? thay c 6 bac k i m l o a i ket tiia. V i e t B a i 15. H o a n t h a n h so do c h u y e n hoa sau : P T H H cua p h a n i r n g va g i a i t h i c h . + H2O Hiro-ng d a n giai a. N a O O C C H j C O O N a CH, HCOOH + A g 2 0 ( d d N H 3 ) -» CO2 + H2O + 2Ag + O2 A x i t f o m i c c 6 phan u n g t r a n g bac do t r o n g phan tir c6 n h o m churc a n d e h i t . B a i 13. V i e t P T H H c i i a cac phan irng t r o n g so d 6 sau : H u a n g d a n giai N a O H , CaO 1500°C 1. N a O O C C H j C O O N a - C2H2(A)- II nhanh Hiro'ng d a n giai + H20 + 0 + C2H2 1. CH4 + CI2 ^ C H i C l + HCl - CH3CHO (B) ^ CH3COOH (C) xt Hg2\80°C Mn 2. C H 3 C I + N a O H - > C H 3 O H +HCI + NaOH 3. C H 3 O H +CuO -> H C H O + Cu + H2O CH3COOCH=CH2 ( D ) CHjCOONa (E) + CH3CHO (B) 4. 2 H C H 0 + O2 2HCOOH b. A : CH4; B : C2H2; C: C 1 C H = C H C I ; E: C I C H 2 - C H 2 C I ; F: H O C H 2 C H 2 O H ; D : 5. CH4 + O2 -> HCHO + H2O H2C=CH-C=CH; G: H 2 C = C H - C H = C H 2 H: polibutadien.
SadO chudiphan irni; litin iH'cJJji;" t r / - Nguyen Xuan Trir&ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vift B a i 16. Bai 18. Xac dinh X , . X2. X 3 . X 4 . X , , X,, va viet P T H H cua cac phan urng theo so d6 a) Hay chon cac chat hirii ca thi'ch hgp va viet cong thurc cau tao cua chiing d6 sau : hoan thanh P T H H ciia cac phan urng dirai day : X, • X2 • (CH3)2CH-OCH=CH2 1. X , + H2 ^ X 2. X2 - > X + H2 ' CnH2n-2 .-^^^^ 3. R(OH)2 - > X + H2O 4. X , X + H2O + H2 5. X + KMn04 + H 2 S O 4 CO2 + MnS04 + K2SO4 + H2O Hirong dan giai 6. X + HOCI ( t i 1^ 1:1) - > tao san phSm cong 1,2 va 1,4 Dap an : •• ' ! Biet X la monome dung de trung hop cao su buna. C H 3 - C = C H ; X , : C H - C O - C H 3 ; X2: C H 3 - C H O H - C H 3 ; b) V'xk cac phuang trinh phan irng (ghi ro dieu kien) thirc hi$n day chuyen hoa sau: X3: CH3-CH=CH2: X4: CH2CI-CH=CH2; X5: HO-CH2-CH=CH2 t°c +x +y A - ^ - ^ B — . E • F • G X„: C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - O H l.CH,-C=CH +HOH > CH3-C-CH3 (X,) D ^ • H II Cho biet E la ancol etylic. G va H la polime. o l".Xt Hirong dan giai 2. C H ^ - C - C H 3 + H2 CH3-CH-CH3 (X2) Dap an : " II O OH a) X : C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 ; X , . H 2 C = C H - C = C H ; X j : C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3 H2SO4dJ70"C 4. C H 3 - C H - C H 3 • C H 3 - C H = C H 2 +H2O (X3) (CH3=CH-CH2-CH3); X 3 : C H 3 - C H - O H ; KiOH).: HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH b) A : CH4; B : C2H2; X : H j ; C: C2H4; Y : H2O; D: CH3CHO; OH F: C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 ; C: C H 2 = C H 2 ^ CH3-CH-CH3 (X2) 5. C H 3 - C H = C H 2 + H2O Bai 17. Viet P T H H ciia cac phan iJrng theo sa do sau : OH A| • A2 • A3 Pd/PbC03 16. C H 3 - C = C H +H2 CH3-CH=CH2 (^3) H2S04dac,t'' 5()()"C CH3CHO I 7. C H 3 - C H = C H 2 + CI2 - CH2CI - C H = C H 2 (X4) Cac chat tir A i den A 5 c6 cung so nguyen tir cacbon. ir.t" I 8. C H 2 C 1 - C H = C H 2 + H 2 0 H O - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 (X5) Hiro'ng dan giai xt.t" Dap an : 9. H O - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 + H2 HO-CH2-CH=CH2 W C„H2n.2: C.Hc,; A , : C2H5CI; A , : C 2 H 5 O H ; A3: C H 3 C O O H ; A 4 : C2H4; ii 19. Cho sa do san xuat ddng thai hai chat ( X ) va ( Y ) trong cong nghifp A5: HO-CH2-CH-OH 1. C2H6 + CI2 - > C2H5CI ( A , ) + HCI C.H
Sa a6 chuSi phin img hda hpc HOn car - Nguyjn XuSn Tru&ng Cty TNHHMi . / H I // Khang Vict B a i 2 0 . Cho chuoi phan urng : Trong phan ung cu6i cung c6 sir bien doi D thanh B, X|, X2 do la phan ung thuy phan este trong moi truang axit. C,H,-^^h^ B.-Ck:^ B2-iNsQhU B3-^H2:^ B4 PTHH cua cac phan ung : ^, , ^ Cho b i l l C T C T thu gon ciia chat B4 Hiro-ng d a n giai CHO-CH2-CH2-CHO + O2 HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH Dap an : B4 la C H j C O C H j hoac CH3CH2CHO ' (A) (B) B a i 2 1 . Cho cong thurc phan tir hop chSt A la C j H j B r v a) Viet C T C T c6 the c 6 ciia A. HOOC-CH2CH2-COOH CH3CH2CH2OH ^* b) Cho cac dong phan ciia A Ian lugt tac dung vai dung djch N a O H d u thi thu (B) (X,) dugc nhiJng san pham gi ? Viet PTHH ciia cac phan urng. HOOC- CH2CH2-COOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O H i r o n g d a n giai (C) a) Br la dan xuat halogen c6 hoa trj 1 nhu hidro nen A la hgp chat no. A CO 3 nguyen tir C . H2S^ H,S( HOOCCH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH3 + CH3CH(OH)CH3 Nen A la dan xuat halogen no mach thang. So dong phan ciia A phu thugc vao vj t r i ciia Br trong mach C. M o i nguyen tir C (C) (X2) trong A CO the lien ket vai 1. 2, 3 nguyen tir Br. CH3CH2CH200CCH2CH2COOCH(CH3)2 + H2O , CBr,-CH2-CH, CHBr^-CHBr-CH, CHzBr-CHBr-CHjBr (D) CHjBr-CBrj-CHi CHBrj-CHj-CHjBr b) K h i cho cac dong phan ciia A tac dung vai dung djch N a O H ta thu dugc ancol. I CH3CH2CH200CCH2CH2COOCH(CH3)2 + 2H2O Khi ancol c 6 nhieu nhom O H ciing lien ket vai mgt nguyen tiir C thi khong ben (D) va bj loai nuac. I CH3CH2CH2OH + HOOC-CH2CH2-COOH + CH3CH(OH)CH3 • R-CH(0H)2 > R-CHO + H2O (X,) (B) (X2) Ri-C(OH)2-R2 > Ri-CO-Rj + H2O ' B a i 2 3 . Hgp chat A chura cac nguyen to C, H, O trong do oxi chiem 37,21% ve R-C(OH)., > R-COOH + H2O khoi lugng. Trong A chi c6 mot loai nhom chuc, khi cho I moi A tac dyng vai Do do : dd AgN03/ NH3 d u tao ra 4 moi Ag. CBr3-CH2-CH, + 3NaOH -> CH3CH2COOH + 3NaBr + H2O Hay xac djnh CTPT va viet C T C T c6 the c6 ciia A. CHBr2-CHBr-CH3 + 3NaOH ->• CH.,CH(OH)-CHO + 3NaBr + H2O H i r o n g d a n giai CH2Br-CHBr-CH2Br +3NaOH ^ C H 2 O H - C H O H - C H 2 O H + 3NaBr + H2O V i A chi chua 1 loai nhom chuc ma A c6 phan ung trang bac nen A la andehit. CH2Br-CBr2-CH3 + 3NaOH CH2OH-CO-CH3 + 3NaBr + H2O Tnnmg hap I. CHBr2-CH2-CH2Br + 3NaOH -> CH2(OH)-CH2-CHO + 3NaBr + H2O B a i 2 2 . Hoan thanh sa d6 phan ung sau a dang CTCT. Biet A la andehit da chuc. Gia sir A la H C H O ta c6 % khoi luang cua oxi la — . 100% = 53,33%. • ^ 30 C4H6O2 ^ - ^ C 4 H 6 0 4 ^ * ^ C7H,204 ^ C,oH,804 ^ B+Xj+Xj Ket qua nay khac vai bai la 37,21 % do do A khong la H C H O . (A) (B) (C) (D) Trif&ng hap 2. Hiro-ng d a n giai Goi CTPT cua A la C,Hv(CHO)a - Trong phan urng t h u nhat B c 6 nhieu han A hai nguyen t u oxi do do B la axit. CxHv(CHO)a +aAg20 ^^^"j. C,Hy(COOH)a + 2 a A g \ - Trong phan ung t h u 2 va 3 thi C c 6 nhiSu hon B, D ca so nguyen t u C, O nen do 1 moi 4 moi la phan ung este hoa,nhung so sanh B, C, D ta thay Xi va X2 phai c 6 ciing Vay 2a = 4 => a= 2 CTPT, cu t h ^ la CH3CH2CH2OH va CH3CH(OH)CH3. => A CO C T C T d^ng C,Hy(CHO)2
So ad chuSl phan umg hda hpc Hfhi ca - Nguyin Xudn Trir&ng Bai 25. Hoan thanh so do phan I'rng sau : 37.21 CH^COOCfiHs Then bai ta CO M,. = MA , 100 J /\ 100 100 z:i> MA = M( = 32.- = 86 dvC 37,21 37,21 => 12x + y + 2.29 = 86hay 12x + y = 28 Klii X = 1. y = 16 loai CH.COOH ii*-^(CH3CO)2 QH50Na- QH5OH X = 2, y = 4 thoa man V^y C T P T cua A la C 2 H 4 ( C H O ) , C T C T cua A la C H O - C H j - C H j - C H O ; C H . - C H C C H O ) : Bai 24. Hoan thanh so do phan mig sau : C2H5OH ,4) -.CH3COOH (6) CH3COOC2H5 HCOOC2H3 (I) C2H5OH CH3CHO HCOOH Huong dan giai Huang dan giai (1) H C O O C H = C H , + N a O H — — > HCOONa + C H 3 C H O (1) C H = C H + HC1 ^-i!^—>CH, =CH-C1 1:0" isirr (2) CH^CHO + H . ^ ^ C H ^ C H ^ O H (2) C H H C H + H , 0 ) C H X H O xo' (• (3) CH3CH,QH + 0 , '"'I'" >CH3CQOH + H 2 0 (3) C H , = C H - C l + N a O H - ^ ^ C H 3 C H O + NaCl (4) 2CH3COOH '-"^ )(CH3C0), + HjO (4) CH.CHO^lo, )CH3COOH (5) (CH^COK+C,,H30H^^CH3COOC^,H3+CH,COOH (5) C H 3 C H O + H2 — ^ C H 3 C H 2 0 H (6) CH^COOC^^Hj + 2 N a O H - ^ C H 3 C O O N a + C^^HjONa + H^O (6) C H 3 C H 2 O H + O2 '"^"^f"'" > C H 3 C 0 Q H + (7) C^,H,ONa + H , 0 + C O , - ^ C ^ ^ H ^ O H + N a H C 0 3 (7) CH3COQH ''^'"^ >CH3CH20H I (8) (HCO), + C ^ H 3 0 H ^ ^ H C 0 0 C f , H 5 +HCOOH (8) CH3COOH + C H 3 C H 2 0 H ^ = ^ = ^ ^ = = ^ C H 3 C O O C H 3 C H 2 + (9) H C O O C ^ H j + H , 0 - > H C O O H + C(^H50H (10) H C O O H + C H = C H - > H C O O C H = CH2 93
Bai 26. Hoan thanh chuoi bien hoa sau, biet A , B, C, D , E, F, G la cac hidrocacbon; Hirong dan giai (31 A:C2H3C1 B:CH3CHO D : C2H5OH E: C H 3 C O O H CSH^ONa (1) C H = C H + HC1 —>CH.=CH~Cl f I2(r-is(rc ' ji (Ifi) 1 C4H6O: Poliinc X Polime Y (2) C H ^ C H + H.O >CH,CHO ^ x()"c ^ H, / C2II7O2N (3) CH2 = C H - C l + N a O H - ^ % C H 3 C H O + N a C l '| Hxrofng dan giai (4) CH3CHO + i o , '^^^3f^""'2Mn ,cHXOOH - >^ (1) CH3CHO + 2AgN03 + 3NH3 + H 2 O — ^ C H j C O O N H ^ + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 (5) C H 3 C H O + H2 ^ J f - > C H 3 C H 2 0 H (2) CH.COONH^ + NaOH ^ ^ C H ^ C O O N a + N H , + H j O (6) C H 3 C H 2 O H + O2 '"^'\f""' >CH3COOH |^ (3) 2CH3COONa + H^SO^ — ^ 2 C H 3 C O O H + Na2S04 (7) CH3COOH ''^'"-t )CH3CH20H >ii 1 „ (CH3rO()hMn (4) CHXHO +- 0 , ^CH3C00H 2 ^ (8) CH3COOH + C H 3 C H 2 0 H ^ ' " - > - C H 3 C O O C H 3 C H 2 + H2O (5) CH3COOH + NaOH > C H 3 C 0 0 N a + H^O Bai 28. Viet P T H H ciia phan irng theo so d6 : (6) CH3COONH4 + H C l — ^ C H 3 C 0 0 H + NH4CI (7) C H 3 C O O H + C H = C H ^ C H 3 C O O C H = CH2 (8) C H 3 C O O C H = CH2 + N a O H — ^ C H 3 C O O N a + CH3CHO (9) nH2C=CH l".l'.Xl / -H2C—CH A Huo'ng dan giai 00CCH3 OOCCHa/^ 1. C2H2 + H C I ^ CH2=CHCI 2. CH2=CHCI + H2 ^ CH3-CH2-CI / -H2C (10) H2C—CH + nNaOH — CH - V - + nCHjOONa 3. C H 3 - C H 2 - C I + N a O H - > C H 3 - C H 2 - O H + NaCl I OH OOCCHs/^ \ 4. C2H2 + H2 - > C2H4 5. C2H4 + H2O - > C2H5OH Bai 27. Xac djnh cac chat hCru ca A, B , D , E va viet phirong trinh hoa hpc cua cac phan urng xay ra : : 6. C2H2 + 2 H 2 C2H6 C2H2^ (5) - D 7. C2H6 +CI2 ^ CH3-CH2-CI + HCI 8. C H 3 - C H 2 - C i + NaOH ^ C H 3 - C H 2 - O H + NaCl CH3COOC2H5 94 95
Bai 29. Viet PTHH cua piian ung theo sa do : A 1 > B >J 6. C2H2 + H2O ) CH3CHO Ni,t' 4 7. C H 3 C H O + H2 -> C2H5OH I I 31. Viet PTHH cua phan ling dieu che'etanol trong c6ng nghiep. C4H10 C.HsOH Hudng dan giai ' 5 7 Hidrat hoa etilen (xiic tac H2SO4 hoac H3PO4) : C H 2 = C H 2 + HOH "?S"4"'''"c )CH3 - C H 2 - OH > Y C H 2 = CHj + HOH "3P04-^" 2 C 2 H 3 O H + 2 C O 2 ^ B > C 7 C H OH-^l2^54i_>C,H, + H,0 1 2 5 |^„o 2 4 2 CH3CHO C2H4+C12 ->C2H,Cl2 C4H10 4 6 C,H,0H + 0, )CH,COOH + H , 0 > t ^ > Y C 2 H 5 O H + CH3COOH^i=±===>CH3COOC2H5 + H 2 O t" Hirong dan giai i 33. TCr C, H2 va cac hoa chat can thiet, hay dieu che : CeHsNOj, ancol etylic. 1. C4H,„ ^""^''"'^ > C2H„ + C2H4 Hirong dan giai 2. C 2 H , ^'^"^""^ ) C2H4 + H2 C4-2H2 ^••^"""^ ) C H , 3. C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH 2CH4 '5'H)"C.C ^^^^^ ^ 3j^^ 4. C4H10 "'"^""^ > C,H, + CH4 5. 2 C H 4 ""•'•^"""^ ) C2H2 + 3 H2 96 )7
C^H^ + HNO3 H2S()4J ^Qy^^^Q^ ^ p^^Q a) N a d u . b) Q H s O H (H2S04,,,,, dun nong nhe). c) Dung dich BaCOH),. d) Dung dich K H C O , . C2H2 + H^O "«'^"4'^""c )CH3CHO Hiro'ng dan giai a) C H , - C H ( O H ) - C O O H + 2Na - > CH3-CH(ONa)-COONa + H , Ni.l' CH^CHO + H , H2S04d b) CH,CH(OH)COOH + aH,OH ^ C H 3 C H ( O H ) C O O C , H 5 + H^O Bai 34. V i ^ t cac phirong trinh phan irng theo sadd sau : t"C c) 2 C H , - C H ( O H ) - C O O H + B a ( O H ) , ^ (CH3-CH(OH)-COO)2Ba + 2H2O r A(khn »B — - C — * D — E — CH3COOC2H5 Lam loiih tihaiih d) C H , - C H ( O H ) - C O O H + KHCO,->- C H 3 - C H ( O H ) - C O O K + H , 0 + C O j t CH,COONa^^ Bai 37. Viet cac phirong trinh hoa hoc theo sod6 sau : 3 GiO + H2O ^^ men ri/gu ^ g +0, +NaOH +NaOH.t° ^ T i n h hot ^ X ( r a n ) — ^ Y(khO ddaxil.t" mengiam CaO.t" Hiro-ng dan giai askt 1. CH,COONa + NaOH ^'f > CH^ + Na.CO., Hu-oTig dan giai I5(X)"C 2. 2CH4 CH, + 3H, axilJ" lam luiih iihanh (QH,„0,)„ + nH,0 •> nQH.^O, (A) QH, A — 2 Q H , O H + 2CO, 4. C,H4 + H:0 > CH,CH,OH (B) C H , O H + O, -> CH3COOH + H , 0 5. C H , O H + O: > CH,COOH + H,0 H,S() (D) 6. CH,COOH + QH5OH :F CH^COOCH, + H,0 CH3COOH + N a O H > CH3COONa + H , 0 (E) 7. Na.CO, + 2HC1 2NaCI + CO, + H,0 Bai 35. Viet P T H H ciia phan irng theo so d6 sau : CHjCOONa + N a O H CH4t + NaoCOj . QH,,Br (G) aski CaC CH4 + CU >CH3C1 + H a (H) Hirong dan giai Bai 38. Neu hidn tuong, vie't phirong trinh phan irng xay ra trong cdc trirotig hop sau: CaC + 2H:0 - ^ C H , + Ca(OH), a) Nho dung dich andehit axetic vao h6n hop dung djch AgN03/NH3. b) Cho dung djch NH3 d u vao dung dich ZnCK. 3 C : H , _ ^ QH, c) Nho NH3 du vao dung dich FeClj. , d) Cho glixerol vao Cu(OH):. QH, + 3H, >QH„ Hvo'ng dan giai QHe + Br, F^''" > Q H , B r + HBr [a. Xuat hien ket tua trdng bac. C H , C H O + 2AgN03 + 2 N H 3 ^ CH3COONH4 + 2 A g + NH4NO3 Bai 36. Biet axit lactic c6 c6ng thuc ca'u tao: CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. Hay viet b. Xuat hien k6t tiia keo trSng, sau do ket tiJa tan. , j phircmg trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan u-ng xay ra khi cho axit lactic Idn luot tac Z n C l , + 2NH3 + 2 H , 0 - Z n ( O H ) 3 + 2NH4CI dung vdri cac chat : Z n ( O H ) : + NH,^ lZn(NH3)4](OH)2 98 99
•Sam criudipnan ihif> h,ia hoc iiiiu cir- rvguym xuan itifimg^ Hirdng dan giai c. Xua't hien ket tiia mau nSu do * Cac chat c^n tim : FeCl, + 3NH3 + 3 H 2 O -Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4CI A,: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH, d. Cu(OH)2 tan tao thanh dung djch mau xanh lam ••>••• ,MD it:. A,: C H 3 - C H = C H 2 C3H5(OH)3 + C u ( O H ) 2 - » [C3H50(OH)2]2Cu + H j O A 3 : CfiHs-CHCCHj), (cumen) Bai 39. Cho cac chat sau: QH5OH, Q H j O H , CH3COOH, Q H j O N a , CzHjONa A4: CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 nhOng cap chat nao phan ung duoc v6\? Viet P T H H ciia phan ung. A,: CH3-CO-CH3 Hirong dan giai * Cac phan utig: CH3COOH + Q H j O H C2H,COOCH3 + H 2 O Crackinh J CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 . CH3-CH=CH2 + C H 4 CH3COOH + Q H , O N a CH3COONa + Q H 5 O H (Al) (A2) CH(CH3)2 CH3COOH + Q H j O N a CH3COONa + Q H j O H QH,OH + CH,ONa QH^ONa + Q H j O H 2 C H 3 C O O H + NajCOj ->2CH3COOC2H5 Q H 5 O H + Na,C03 - > Q H j O N a + NaHCOj Bai 40. Hoan thanh phuong trinh theo day bien hoa sau CH4 -^CjHsOH- -^CHgCHO- -^CHgCOOH + CH3-CO-CH3 (A5) A g 2 C 2 ^ - ^ C 2 H 2 — ^ C .6 "H6 H+ 4. CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 ( A 4 ) Hurang dan giai 5. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 + I/2O2 CH3-CO-CH3 +H2O lln,15()0'^C 1. 2 C H . ->C2H2 + 3 H 2 (A5) Bai 42. Viet cac phuong trinh h6a hoc thuc hidn chuy^n hoa sau (bife't A , B, C, D la 2. C 2 H 2 + H2 '^^^'^"'""^'^ > C 2 H , cac san phdm chinh): KOH/ancol 3. C 2 H 4 + H 2 O - ->C2H50H 2-brom-2-metylbutan "'""''-^ >B > C If' H;S04 daC. 170"C ^ ^ C1;.H;0 ^ j-^ 4. C 2 H 5 O H + CUO- ^CH3CHO + Cu + H 2 0 Hiro-ng dan giai 5. C H 3 C H O + I / 2 O 2 >CH3C00H Cac chat: A : (CH3)2C=CH-CH3, B: (CH3)2C(OS03H)-CH2-CH3 C: (CH3)2C(OH)-CH2-CH3 va D : (CH3)2C(0H)-CHC1-CH3 6. C 2 H 2 + 2AgN03 + 2 N H 3 > A g 2 C 2 + 2NH4NO3 (CH3)2C(Br)-CH2-CH3 + K O H ^ (CH3)2C=CH-CH3 + K B r + H j O 7. A g 2 C 2 + 2 H C 1 >C2H2 + 2 A g C l (CH3)2C=CH-CH3 + H O S O 3 H (dac) > (CH3)2C(OS03H)-CH2-CH3 C,6 (CH3)2C(OH)-CH2-CH3 + H2SO4 8. 3 C 2 H 2 Bai 41. Tim cac chat thich hop ling vdi cac ky hidu A,, A j , A 3 , A 4 , A , trong so d6 (CH3)2C(OH)-CH2-CH3 "^'"-""•"""'^ > (CH3)2C=CH-CH3 + H20 sau va hoan thanh cac phuong trinh phan irng dudi dang c6ng thiic ca'u tao. (CH3)2C=CH-CH3 + H2O + CI2 > (CH3)2C(0H)-CHC1-CH3 + H C l +Benzen/Ff|_^ A 3 +02x1 Crackinh Bai 43. Viet tat ca cac dong phan ca'u tao ihig vdi c6ng thiic phan t i i C j H s O . (2) (3) CnH2n+2 ^ A2 A5 (C3H6O) Hiro'ng dan giai Ai(khi) (4) A4 CH,=CH-CH,OH CH,=CH-0CH3 CH3-CH2-CHO +H20/H^ 101
CH3COCH, c. Di nitro hoa A cdn phai bao ve nhom andehit bang ( C H , C 0 ) 2 0 A -0 OH (CH,C0)20 -CHO -CH(OCOCH3)2 Bai 44. Sau khi x i i h' h6n hap loi ng6 hoac v6 trSu c6 chiia pentozan (C5H804)„ vol dung djch axit clohidric 12% r6i tid'n hanh chung cat, nhan duoc chat long A Thuc hien phan ting nitro hoa. sau do thuy phan de phuc h6i nhom -CHO (C5H4O2) mau vang c6 miii thcrni. Cho A phan ting v6i K O H r6i axit hoa thl nhan diroc B (C,H403) C (QH^O,). ) /' V-CH(OCOCH,)2"' O2 H(OCOCH3)2 - ^ 0 2 : HO O a. Viet phuomg trinh phan ting thuy phan D pentozan tao thanh A va c6ng thiic ciia A, .O O Phan ling cua D vori I va I I H2N-N- B,C. NH b. Vid't phuong trinh phan irng cua B tac HjN-N-Y^ »• 02f^X^V-CH=N-N-Y^ 11 CHO + ^ / \ dung voi C khi CO xuc tac axit. (I) O (II) ^ NH C NH c. Hay trinh bay didu ki6n nitro hoa A d^ O' nhan duoc D (C,HiN04). ^ N H NH d. ViS't phuong trinh phan utng ciia D tac COOCH, O2 -CHO dung vdi: ( I ) ; (11). O II + Geniposit (hinh ben) la m6t hop chat o HOH2C + Phan ling thuy phan geniposit thu duoc genipin va D-glucozo duoc tach ra tir qua danh danh. Thuy phan o geniposit sinh ra hai san ph^m la genipin H O ^ O va D-glucozo. Genipin tham gia phan umg HO^N^CHaOH ;oocH3 OH tao mau vdi gelatin (day la c o so de phat OH hien da'u van tay trong ky thuat hinh su). Hay viet so do phan ling tao genipin v^ phan ling cua genipin vdi m6t aminoaxit HOH2C d^ giai thich hi6n tuong tren HOH2' OH Hudng dkn giai f Trong loi ng6 va v6 tra'u c6 chiia pentozan,khi dun nong vdi dung djch HCl 12% CH7OH chuyen thanh pentozo roi tach nucic cho fufurol (C5H804)n HCl 12% Gelatin (c6 trong da) ca'u tao tir cac polipeptit, la'y dai dien la m6t aminoaxit nhu «^H0H)3 glyxin, ta c6 phuong trinh: .0 CH2OH A(C5H402) :oocH3 (;:oocH3 CHO CH2OH COOK H2N-CH2-C00H c D C N-CH2'COOH H0H2C H0H2C COOK -COOH OH • — O H B san ph^m c6 mau de phat hien da'u van tay trong ky thuat hinh su. ^ b. O -COOH // 1 O' CH20H -COOCH2 o Bai 45. Co cac chat long A , B, C, D, E. Chat nao la benzen, ancol etylic, axit axetic, - dung djch glucozo, nude. Biet kfi't qua cua nhffng thi nghifim nhu sau: Cho tac dung vdi Na thl A , B, C, D c6 khi bay ra; E kh6ng phan ling.
- Cho tac dung v6i CaCO, thi A, B, C, E kh6ng phan irng, D c6 khi bay ra. Cho iSn lirot 2 dung djch nhom B vac dung djch X. - Cho tac dung vdi dung djch A g N O ^ N H , thi A , C, D , E bac khong xua't hien; B + Lam mat mau h6ng la C H , C O O H va duac dung djchY CO bac xua't hi6n. + Kh6ng hidn tirong la C2H5OH. - D6't trong kh6ng khi thi A , E chay de dang. D c6 chay, B, C kh6ng chay. * Cho \in luot 2 dung djch nhom A vao dung djch Y. Xac djnh A , B, C, D , E va viet cac phuong trinh phan irng hoa hoc theo cac k€t + Dung djch lam Y chuyen thanh mau do trcr lai la N a O H . ' * ''^' qua thi nghidm trdn. + Kh6ng hien tupng la PP. Hiring dan giai Bai 48. Co h6n hop 3 chat hOu co : C^H^; C2H5OH ; C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 , n&u phuong Tircac ka't qua xac djnh diroc A:C2H50H; B: dung djch glucozoCQHi^Og); C phap tach ridng tirng chat, vid't PTHH ciia cac phan urng xay ra. •.H.O ; D : C H , C O O H ; E : QH,(benzen) Huong din giai 2C2H50H + 2Na > 2C2H,ONa + H, * Cho h6n hop vao luong nude du, C2H5OH tan trong nu6c, h6n hop C^Hs; C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 , khong tan phan Idfp. Chiet la'y h6n hop CfeH^ ; C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 2 H , 0 + 2Na > 2NaOH + H, phSn dung djch C2H5OH trong nuoc dem chimg cat r6i lam kh6 bang CUSO4 2CH3COOH + 2Na > 2CH3COONa + H, khan thu diroc C , H , O H . 2CH,COOH + CaCOj > (CH.COO^Ca + H^.O + C O , * H6n hop Ce,H, va C H 3 C O O C 2 H , cho vao dung djch NaOH la'y d u C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 C,H,A+Ag:0 ) C , H , , 0 , + 2Ag tan theo phan ung xa phong hoa, Chiet la'y C^H^ . QHsOH + 30, > 2CO, + 3H.0 CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH > CHj-COONa + C2H5OH. CH3COOH + 20, > 2CO2 + 2H2O * Con lai la dung djch CH3-COONa va C2H5OH dem chung cat la'y Q H j O H roi lam kho bang CUSO4 khan. Co can dung djch la'y C H 3 C O O N a khan r6i cho phan 2C6H, + 150, > 12CO, +6H2O ling voi H2SO4 dac thu dugc C H , C O O H r6i cho phan ling v6i C 2 H 5 O H theo phan Bai 46. Dung c6ng thirc t6ng quat nhat cua hidrocacbon di viet P T H H cua phan ling hoa este thu dupe CH,COOC2H5. ling vofi brom va phan ling chay. Hirdng dSn giai C H 3 C O O H + C2H5OH ^ ± CH3COOC2H5 + H 2 O . CnH,„,2.,, + aBr:-> C„H,,„2.,,Br,, Bai 49. Trinh bay phuong phap phan h'ltt 4 dung djch: Ancol etylic, tinh b6t, X ax saccarozo va glucozo. Cn,H2„^.2.2b + bBr, -> C„H2„+2-2bB''2b Hirdfng dkn giai y ay La'y tirng mhu dung djch vao m6i 6'ng nghidm, thiir bang c6n iot c6 mau xanh, nhan ra dung djch tinh bpt. C„H2„^2.2a + ^ " ^ ^ ^ " ^ O 2 - > nCOj + (n + 1 - a)H20 Cho Ag20/NH3 vao 3 ong nghidm con lai, neu c6 trang bac la glucozo: X nx C,H,20, + Ag20 > C,H,20, + 2 A g i Cn.H2^.2-2b + " ^ " ^ ^ ^ " ^ 0 2 mC02+(m+l-ajHjO Hai mSu thir con lai, cho H2SO4 loang va va dun nong, sau do cho ft gipt dung djch N a O H vao trung hoa axit r6i cho Ag20/NH3 vao, 6'ng nghifim nao \iy ra y my hien tupng trang bac la sacarozo: Bai 47. Kh6ng dung thu6'c thix va kh6ng dirc«c dun nong. Bang phuong phap hoa Axil C,2H220,, + H 2 O ^ 2C,H,20, hoc hay phan biet bd'n dung djch khong mau dirng trong bdn lo bj mat nhan : ddNH,,t" axit axetic, ancol etylic, natri hidroxit, phenolphtalein. QH,206 + Ag20 -> C , H , 2 0 , + 2 A g l H i r a n g dan giai MSu thir con la ancol etylic. * Tr6n ISn cac mSu dung djch tirng doi mot Bai 50. Papaverin la ancaloit dupe tach tir nhua v6 qua cay thuoc phien, c6 tac + Hai dung djch nao do vao nhau chuyen thanh mau do dung gian mach nen dupe diing d^ chua benh co that dai trang, mach mau. (dd nay la X ) la PP va NaOH (nhom A ) . Papaverin (G) co the dupe tong hpp theo so do sau: + Hai dung djch con lai la C H , C O O H va C2H5OH (nhom B) 1f\A i 105
3lff ad chudiphan umg hda hpc Hihi cff - NguySn XuSn Trir&ng CHX-OCI CH,CH,NH, CHXI M,. N i , t " •B ^ 1 + NH /OCH, OCH OCH, CH,0^ T 0 = < _J-X OCH, H,0 + PCI, Pd,t" OCH3 OCH3 XH,—
Saao chudiphan irng hoa hoc Him c
S,- iU'i vluitVi i>liiiii liiii,' liiiti hoc llini a V!,./n
S0 ad chubi phdn Ifjfj Hiro-ng d a n giai H3C—C = CH2 + H ^ H3C—C —CH3 a) Cac phuong trinh phan ung xay ra: CH, CH, CH3 H CH3 CH, CH, I H' H3C—C = CH2 + H — C — C H , H3C — C — C — C — C H , CH3 H t",p CH, H H CHj I ' I H3C—C —CH3 + H3C—C = CH, "3C —C —C — — C H , 2-metylpropen ( X ) 2-metylpropan ( Y ) (A) CH, CH3 CH3 H CH3 CH, H CH3 CH3 H CH, H.C — C — C — C = CH, 2,4,4-trimetylpent-1 -en (? I I r CH, H H3C — C — C — C = C H 2 (Z) 2H3C—C=CHj H * CH, H CH, H CH, H CH3 I I - H -CH, H,C—C — C H3C — C — C = C — C H 3 2,4,4-trimetyIpent-2-en ( Q •3^ y y I ...3 CH3 H CH, CH, iv CH, H CH, I I I H3C — C — C = C—CH3 (Q) CH, H CH, CH, I I I • H3C — C — C — C = CH, + H, \iA 57. Tir hgp chat ban dan la toluen, xilen va cac chat v 6 ca can thiet, hay de I I " ' CH, H CH, CH, H nghj each tong hgp chat ( A ) sau : H,C — C — C — C—CH, CH, H CH, I I I CH, -CH, H H CH, H3C — C — C = C — C H , + H2 H i r a n g d a n giai CH, Cac phirang trinh phan ung tong hgp chat A ; b) - C a ch£ phan irng giai thich sir tao thanh A tir X va Y : H3C—C = CH2 + H H3C—C —CH3 [O] -COOH CH3- -CH, HOOC- CH, CH3 H HOOC- -COOH + 2S0C^ •CIOC- - C O C l + 2SO2 + 2HC H,C — C—CH, + H3C — C= CH2 H3C — C — C — C—CH, ' T ' I CH3 H CH3 -CH, CH3 CH3 ClOC- - C O C I - ^ C H , - co- -co- CH, H CH3 H H3C—C—C—C—04, + H 3 C — a t - K > l 3 - * H 3 C — C — C — C H — C H j +H3C—C—oi-. CH3- -co- -co- •CH, (A) CH,H CH3 CH3 CH3H CH, CH, B a i 58. Viet phirang trinh phan ung tong hgp 3-mety!pentan-!-oI nha hgp chat ca (A) magie, xuat phat tir etanol (chat v 6 ca va dieu kien phan ung c 6 du). - C a che phan ijng giai thi'ch sir tao thanh Z v a Q tir X : in
Sa do cituoi plum lint; hoii hue HOru ca - Nguyin Xu&n Tru&ng C(y TNHHMTVDVVH Khang Vi?t H u o n g dan giai o * C a c phircmg t r i n h phan u n g t o n g h g p 3 - m e t y l p e n t a n - l - o l : C2H5OH + C u O CH3CHO + C u + H p HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH C2H3OH CH,= CH, + up 170f HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH + 2SOC| aoc-(CH2)4-coci + 2sq, + 2HC J_ 2 C10C-(CH,)4-C0C1 + 2NH3 H2NCO-(CH2)4-CONH2 + 2 H C 1 H,NCO-(CH2)4-CONH2 + 2Br, + 8NaOH ^H2N-(CH2)4-NH2 + 4 N a B r + 2N^C03 + ^ H j O C2H5OH + H B r CjHjBr + H 2O Bai 60. T r o n g p h o n g t h i n g h i e m c 6 a x i t axetic, hay t o n g h g p f o m a n d e h i t tir chat C,H,Br + Mg > C,H,MgBr nay (cac chat v 6 c a v a t h i e t bj t h i n g h i e m c 6 d u ) . ' • •'2^5 H i r 6 i i g d a n giai CjHjMgBr + CH3CHO C2H5—CHOMgBr * Cac p h u a n g t r i n h t o n g h g p f o m a n d e h i t : CH, C"3COOH^^^^?^CH3COOAg C2H5—CHOMgBr + H,0 •C.Hj—CHOH+ MgBr(OH) as CH^COOAg + Br^ CH3Br + CO2 + AgBr CH, CH, CHjBr + NaOH—^CH30H + NaBr C2H5 — C H O H + HBr I C ,2 H ,5 — C H B r + H , 0 CH, CH, CH3OH + y O ^ ^"-""^ H C H O + H . O C2H3—CHBr + Mg "'^"""'^ C.H,—CHMgBr Bai 6 1 . Pha c h ^ t h u o c c h u a benh v i e m h o n g loai nhe t r o n g g i a d i n h theo each d o n g i a n sau: C h o n u a c soi v a o coc c h u a N a H C O j r o i c h o t h e m d u n g d j c h c o n l o t CH, CH3 va iSc len, de n g u o i b a t se d u g c c o c thuoc de x u c h o n g . H a y v i e t cac p h u o n g t r i n h phan u n g x a y ra v a neu nhOng dau h i f u be ngoai de C2H5—CHMgBr C2H5—CHCH^CHpMgBr nhan ra m o t so phan u n g . H i r d n g d a n giai CH, CH, - K h i c h o n u o c soi v a o c o c c h u a N a H C O v C.H,—CHCH^CH.OMgBr + Hp C ^ H ^ — C H C H ^ C H . O H + MgBr(OH) 2HCO3- CO,^' + m + HjO (1) C H•3, CH, nuoc nong —'3 Bai 59. Tir xiclohexanol v a cac chat v 6 c a c a n t h i e t khac, h a y t o n g h g p CO3"" lam cho dung djch c6 tinh kiem: CO3'" + H , 0 (2) 1 , 4 - d i a m i n o b u t a n ( m o t m o n o m e d u n g de t o n g h g p n i l o n - 4,6). = f c HCO,- + O H • C h o t h e m d u n g d j c h c o n iot v a lac len: H u o ' n g d a n giai CHjCH^OH + ^ CH3CHO + 2HI (3) * C a c p h u a n g t r i n h phan urng t o n g h g p 1,4-diaminobutan: OH O CH3CHO + + OH •CHI,) + HCOO- + 3HI (4) O, C H I 3 CO t i n h di?t k h u a n nen c 6 the chOa b f n h v i e m h g n g loai nh?. xt, f, p N h a n ra phan u n g ( 1 ) d o c 6 bpt k h i , phan u n g ( 2 ) d o con i o t m a t m a u v a n h a n ra phan ( 3 ) d o c 6 ket tua m a u v a n g .
Scr aS chuSl phdn itng h6a kpc HOru ca - Nguyln XuAn Trir&ng (CH3CH,),CBrCH,D + Mg ^^^^khan, (CH3CH,),CCH,D Bai 62. Tir etylclorua, hay \\ki phirang trinh phan irng tong hgp metan (cac chat I v6 ca va dieu ki^n phan ung c6 du). MgBr Hiro'ng dan giai (CH3CH,),CCH,D + T,0 • (CH3CH2)2CTCH2D + MgBr(OT) * Cac phirang trinh phan irng tong hgp metan: MgBr C2H5CI + NaOH ^" * C2H5OH + NaCl ...y b) T6ng hgp CfiH^D: ete khan C2H5OH + CuO * CH3CHO + Cu + H C , H , B r + Mg ^ C .6H" 5. M ' gBr C^H5MgBr + D,0 C^H,D + MgBr(OD) CH3CHO + y O, CH3COOH C6H5D cung CO the tong hgp bang phan urng sau: CH3COOH + NaOH CHjCOONa + H , 0 C^H, + D.SO^ ^CfeHjD + H D S O 4 CH3COONa + NaOH ^'""•'"> CH, + Na3C03 c) Tong hgp CfiDi:: Bai 63. Hay tong hgp CH, "COOH va CH, "COOCHDCH, tir cac chat v6 ca va CaC^ + 2D,0 i^Cp^ + Ca(0D)2 hiJu ca (khong chua dong vj). 600'C 3C,D, n h Hirong dan giai * Tong hgp CH, "COOH : Ni.t' Bai 65. Tir AI4C3, C a C , va cac chat v6 ca khac (khong chua C), hay viet phuang CHjBr + Mg CHjMgBr trinh phan urng dieu che chat (A) sau: CHjMgBr + " C O , CH3't00MgBr + CHj'cOOMgBr + H ,0 — ^ CHj'fcoOH + MgBr(OH) O—D * T6ng hgp C H , "COOCHDCH,: (Trong do: C* la dong vj ""C, D la dong vj ^H). 4CH3CHO + LiAIQ + 4 H , 0 4CH3CHDOH + LiOH+ A 1 ( 0 H | Hiro'ng dan giai H,SO,d CH3COOH + CH3CHDOH CH3 COOCHDCH3 + H,0 * Cac phuang trinh phan irng dieu che chSt A: i h\C^ + \2Hp ^ 3CH4 + 4A1(0H^ Bai 64. Tir chat v6 ca va chat hiJu ca (khong chura dong vi), hay tong hgp: 150()°C a) (CH3CH2)2CTCH2D 2CH •C.H, + 3H2 ^ Lam l4iih iilianh b) C6H5D C)C6D,2 3C,H2 (Trongdo: D l a •H,Tla 'H) 600 C Hirong dan giai a) Tong hgp (CH,CH2)2CTCH2D: (CH3CH3),C=CH, + DBr ^ (CH3CH2)2CBrCH2D 117