Một số nguyên nhân gây lỗi trong dịch văn bản chính luận Trung-Việt

N G 6 N NGf & Bin S6NG<br /> <br /> S6 10 (240)-2015<br /> <br /> MQT SO NGUYEN NHAN GAY L 6 I<br /> TRONG D i c e VAN BAN CHINH LU^N TRUNG -Vlf T<br /> SOME REASONS CAUSING MISTRANSLATION<br /> OF CHINESE VIETNAMESE POLITICAL DOCUMENTS<br /> NGUYfiN THJ MINH<br /> (TS; D9i hpc Ngo^i ngu-, DHQG Hd Nfi)<br /> Abstract: The article analyzes several reasons leading to the mistranslation of Chinese<br /> Vietnamese political documents through specific examples such as misunderstanding the source<br /> texts, incorrect expressions, not reviewing the translations, not paying attention to the external<br /> factors, etc.<br /> Key words: political documents; translation; errors; reasons.<br /> mpt klifiu quan trpng cdn bdn trong qud trinh djdi,<br /> 1. Ddt vdn dg<br /> D\ch Id chuyin d^ mft vdn bdn tii mpt ngdn qiayk (^nh vd di^ hudng din todn bf cdc khfiu<br /> ngft ndy (nguin) sang mft n ^ n ngft khdc (dfeh) sau nd. Dfiy Id trd nggi (^u ti€n vd hi§t sflc phi<br /> mft cdch tnmg thdnh trong chftng myc ed till, cd biln, dnh hudng din chdt lupng djch. Cd cdc<br /> trudng hpp nhu: khdng hilu do Ididng ndm chdc<br /> vl nfi dung vd lilnh thflc (M. Fyodorov, 1950).<br /> Vdn bdn chinh lugn Id logi vdn lidn the hifn ngfl phdp cua cfiu, tfl; khdng hilu do tiiy tifn quy<br /> nhflng clifnh kien, bpc If nhflng quan diem chfnh chyp ngka cho tft md khdng tra tfl diln hodc xem<br /> tri, tu tudng vdi nhflng vdn dl xd hf i ndng bdng. x ^ ngtt cdnh Ii€n quan. Trong dii djch TrungVfin tidn chfah tu$n thudr^ dl c|ip tdi nhfing Vift, vl hai ngdn ngtt ndy cd nhilu dilm tuong<br /> phuang ehdm, chfnh sdch quan trpng cua Ddng vd ^ g , nhfhig tuong ding ay cd khi mang tgi thu$t<br /> Nhd nude. Vdn bdn chfah lu|fa thudng dflng If t€ lpi, nhung ciing tgo ra nhihig chuyin ditiSucyc.<br /> de soi sdng sy Idfn, gii^ cdng chflng liieu dflng Dang chu y Id cde tft Hdn Vift dd thay dii nghia<br /> sytiifit,hudng hp d ^ hogt ^ g tfch cyc, phu hpp so vdi ngh^tixmgnguy€n ngtt tilng iUm. Vf dy:<br /> vdi quan dilm, tu tudng, ^ d l efla tdc gid.<br /> ^ ^ trong tilng Hdn cd nghTa Id "sdn xudt",<br /> NhQng ton tgi phi biln trong djch vdn bdn trong khi dd d tilng Vift cd dm Hdn Vift Id "sinli<br /> chfnh l u ^ dupc chia theo loi ve til vd loi ve cfiu.<br /> sdn". Mft vfdy khdc:<br /> v l tft, cd trudng hpp djch Ifaiia, djdi thilu, dung<br /> iC-fbf=illi Idtiiudtngtt dupe djch hi tilng Anti<br /> tix chua chfnh xde, diua thuan Vift,...; ve cfiu,<br /> tiiudng cd tli trgt ty cdc thdnh [didn trong cdu, Culture Indusby "nhfhig hogt dfng sdn xudt, b&o<br /> nhu trgng ngfl, ^nh ngfl. Trong khudn khi bM ^ n , {Mn i ^ i cdc sdn phdm vfin hda vd djch vv<br /> viet ndy, chung tdi tgp trung tim hilu nhttng<br /> tiieo tieu chudn craig n ^ f p " . Cflng vdi cdch djch<br /> nguyen nhan gdy ra nhung ^ n tgi ndi tren, vdi<br /> mong muon n g i ^ djch, d^ bift td cdc sinh vien ndy cdn cd mft cdch djch khdc td :^-f I^X j|k . N ^<br /> chi^en ngdnh f^en djdi sS tham khdo dl tiing trong tilng Vift sft dyng n g i ^ n fim Hdn Vift U<br /> budc khdc phyc ^ n tgi vd ndng cao nfing Iyc djch. "vSn hda sdn n g ^ ^ s d n nghifp vfin hda" till sS<br /> 2. Mpt sl nguyen nhan gdy lli trong djch dan doi sai vl nghia. Lf ds td ^ trong tilp Vi^t,<br /> vdn ban chfnh lugn Trung - M ^<br /> "sdn nghifp", tiieo Wikipedia vd cung tfieo tir<br /> Trong djch, ngudi djch can pim trai qua cdc dirai td "tdi sdn de sinh song vd kmh doanh". VI<br /> cdng d ( ^ nhu hilu vfin bdn nguon, tdi tgo vd<br /> till, SC^kJ^iUl n&i djch Id "cdng nghifp vfin hda"<br /> bieu dgt tgi l ^ g vdn ban dich, roi kiem tra Igi.<br /> Theo dd, cdc nguy^ nhfin gay loi drpc x6t theo<br /> Thit hai id iSi do biiu Ogt tity apt. l^i Tik^<br /> chft ylu do d$p khudn mdy mdc d u trftc cfiu cfla<br /> quy trinh dd.<br /> Thur nhit Id do hiiu sai vdn bdn gic. l^ku]h tilng Hdn md khdng chft f din cdch bilu dgt cfla<br /> <br /> S6 10 (240V201S<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGf & BOI S6NG<br /> <br /> 71<br /> <br /> ti^ng V i ^ D6i vdi vdn bdn chinh lujn, nguM<br /> djch do dam bdo "dO an todn" tir giSc d? chinh Uj<br /> nen thu6ng i^m chpn phuong dn djch bdm sdt<br /> nhat, ddy cung chfah Id m^t trong nhiing nguySn<br /> Bdn djch glc: H i ^ djnh ndy, sau khi dupc hai<br /> nhan dan den djch dip khudn mdy m6c, Idm xuat B6n kf kit hodn thdnh trinh tvr phdp lujt cua mil<br /> hifn nhung iSi sai v^ m^ diSi djt .Vi dy:<br /> nudrc, s6 cd hi$u Ivrc vdo ngdy dupc tiiod thu|in<br /> trong vdn kifn trao dll giiia Chfnh phil hai<br /> nude.<br /> SSffil^* I (Kinhfliuad6ng cM Biii H6ng Phiic,<br /> Bdn djch lai: Hifp djnh ndy s6 cd hifu Ivrc<br /> tni6ng dodn d^ bilu Vift Nam, dji sur nmSc Vi?t vdo ngdy dupc thod thu^n trong vdn kifn trao<br /> Nam t^i Trung Quoc!)<br /> doi gitta Chfdh phii hai nrnSc sau khi hai Bfn<br /> Cdu ndy sai trft tir cdc thdnh phan cau, nen hodn tit cdc thu tyc phdp li ciia mli nude.<br /> djch ifi Id: Kinh thua d6ng chf Bid H6ng Phuc,<br /> Hojc: Sau khi hai Bfn hodn tit cdc thil tvic<br /> E)ji sU nmSc Vi^t Nam tfi Trung Q i ^ , Truing phdp If ctta mli nude, Hifp djnh ndy sg cd<br /> dodn diU bieu Vi^ Nam!<br /> hifu lyc vdo ngdy dupc thod thu|in trong vdn<br /> kifn trao doi gitta Chfnh phii hai nirdc.<br /> Thtt ba lido qud bdm sdt vio vdn bin gic<br /> Ttong thvic te djch thu$t, ngu6i djch qud bdm vdo<br /> Thdr lu, khdng chif din cdc yiu li ngoii<br /> vdn bdn g6c, khdngfliodtli khdi m$t ch&, dan din ngdn ngit cttng li mft nguyin nhin lim cho<br /> bdn djch khdng "thodt", gupng 6p vk cdu chtt. Vi dfeh saL Nlu chi cdn cijr vdo If thuylt djch ca<br /> dvi 3:<br /> bdn md chuyin djch thi bdn djch sf rit cling<br /> nhdc. Cdc kl xdo nhd, nhiing v|n dyng thvrc te<br /> ngodi ngdn ngtt, ngodi mjt chtt sf giiip bdn<br /> djch "nha" hon.<br /> 3. Ketlu$n<br /> Cd nhieu nguyen nhdn din den sai sdt trong<br /> Bdn djch g6c: (...) hai ben dS ki (...) "Thda<br /> thujn sOa d6i lan thir 4 gida T$p dodn diUi khf djch thuat. Ttt gd dO If lujn djch, cy the Id cdc<br /> Vift Nam vd T6ng cdng ty dAu khf ngodi khoi cdng dojin trong djch thu$t, bdi vilt dd bdn v l<br /> quoc gia Trung Qu& li6n quan tdi Thda thu^ nhttng nguyen nhdn din din djch sai trong vdn<br /> thdm dd chung trong khu vyc thda thu|n ngodi bdn chinh lujin. Cd loi gdy ra do hilu sai vdn<br /> khoi trong Vjnh Bic B§" vd nhilu vdn kifn hpp bdn glc, cd khi chua bilu dilt chinh xde, vd rit<br /> nhieu lli gdy ra do khdng kilm tra l^i bdn<br /> tdc kinh tl khdc.<br /> djch, khdng chii ^ din cdc ylu t l ngOfli cdnh.<br /> Cau tilng Trung tren cd xuit h i ^ djnh ngii da Ngudi djch cin sdng suit, nh^y cdm trong<br /> t S n g * H i S i ¥ 5 » a ' A ^ ^ « j a m » * t J f t ' i > ^ ^ djch dl trdnh tfio ra lli. Nhln tit gde d$ khdc,<br /> cd thl nghifn ciru chia ra cdc nguyen nhan chii<br /> ^=Jtgf3S1*&Kl8S^I|]S1*CCSra»:»«1*iSt.<br /> quan vd khdch quan, nguyfn nhdn trvrc tilp vd<br /> Bdn djch goc cho thSy, ngudi djch dd hieu dupc<br /> nguyfn nhdn gidn tilp. Song, bit kl tii gde dO<br /> vdn bdn, nhung do qud bdm sdt vdo vdn bdn gic<br /> ndo, nhttng nguyfn nhdn phdn tfch d tren Id<br /> nen dd diln d^ rit rdi. Bdn djch lai: (...) hai b$n<br /> nhiing vin d l ngudi djch cin ndm dupc, dk<br /> dd kf (...) "Bdn thda thu|n vl vifc ciing thdm dd<br /> tim ta dii sdch khdc phyc nhiing loi sai trong<br /> khu vvrc thda thu|n trong Vjnh Bdc BO giiia Ting<br /> djch thu^t<br /> cdng ty diu khi Vi^t Nam vd ting cdng ty diu md<br /> d(U duong Trung Quic" (Chinh sAa ldn thur 4) vd<br /> T A I L i f u THAM K H A O C H I N H<br /> nhieu vdn kifn hpp tdc kinh tl khdc; Hojlc: Bdn<br /> 1. Nguyen Httu Ciu (2004V Li ludn dil<br /> thda thu|n giiia Tdng cdng ty diu khi Vift Nam dich Hdn Viit, Nxb Dji hpc Quoc gia Hd NJi.<br /> vd ting cdng ty diu md dji duong Trung Quic vl<br /> 2. \jj Todn Thing (2008), Ll thuyit trdt tif<br /> vifc c i ^ thdm dd khu vvrc thda thu|n trong Vjnh tir Irong ci phdp, Nxb Dji hpc Quic gia Hd<br /> Bdc B§ (Chinh sila lin thii 4).<br /> Npi.<br /> <br />