Nghiên cứu so sánh về yếu tố văn hóa trong thán từ Tiếng Anh và Tiếng Việt

si 4 (246)-2016<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGf<br /> <br /> & Bin<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> 55<br /> <br /> NGQjjJ N G g VOl BAN sdUj<br /> <br /> NGHIEN CUtI SO SANH VE Y t U TO VAN HOA<br /> TRONG THAN TlT TIENG ANH VA TIENG VIET<br /> A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CULTURAL FEATURES<br /> OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE INTERJECTIONS<br /> H 6 N G 0 C TRUNG<br /> (TS; Vifn B«l h«c Md Hi Nfi)<br /> N G U Y S N THI pmrqjNG<br /> (ThS; Dai hfc Kinh doanh vi CSng nghf Hd Nfi)<br /> Abstract: As a closed-system part of speech, English and Vietaamese interjections focus<br /> 'more on their fimctions than on their lexical meanings. However, unlike the other closed! system parts of speech, English and Vietnamese intereetions have a much wider range of<br /> realizations, and often serve as a means of expressing interpersonal relationships. For this<br /> reason, inteijections have been well researched, especially from the morphological, semantic<br /> and pragmatic perspectives. In order to shed mote light on the characteristic features of<br /> mteijection in general and those of English and Vietnamese inteijections in particular, the<br /> paper is aimed at investigating the cultural features of the interjections of a language on the<br /> basis of English and Vietnamese common interjections.<br /> Key words: part of speech; closed-system; moiphological; semantic; pragmatic;<br /> 'interpersonal; culture.<br /> (pragmatics). Nhdm gdp phin Idm rd thfm<br /> l.D$tvindl<br /> Trong hf tiling tft lo^ tilng Anh vd tilng d ^ tnmg cfta thdn tft, xuit phdt tft vai tiid<br /> Vift, thdn tft (mterjection) thufc hf thing bilu d^t ^ nghta lifn nhdn cfta Idp tft lo^ ndy,<br /> ddng - closed system ((Juirk R- et td, 1972: trong p h ^ vi cfta bdi vilt chiing toi budc dau<br /> '44), hay thufc nhdm tinh thdi tft (Bmh Vdn tim hilu dnh hudng cfta ylu to vdn hda din<br /> Dfte, 2001: 217; Lf Bien, 1996: 173), hu hi thdn tit cfta mft ngfn ngft dvia trfn khii ngft<br /> '(Difp (juang Ban, 2009: 315). Nhdm tii lo?i lifu Id cdcflidntft Anh - Vift pho biin.<br /> 2. Khiio sdt ylu tl vdn hda trong thdn<br /> ndy cd s6 lupng hihi hjm giing nhu cdc tft<br /> 'lo?ifliufc hffliongddng khdc (vi dvi nhu gidi tii Anh-Vift<br /> Zl. Cdch khio sdl<br /> 'tii, d?ii tft, mao tft,...), chiitixjngdin vai trd<br /> Trudc tifn, chftng tdi tiln hdnh khdo sdt<br /> ;htoh chftc cua tft lo^i hon Id din vai trd bilu<br /> 'dat y nghia tft vyng. Tuy nhifn, mft trong nhdm xdc Idp danh myc cdc thdn tft Anh nhftng diim khdc bift ddng ke giOaflidntft so Vift thudng g$p. Vifc l4y dSn chiing vi dvi ve<br /> ,vdi cdc tft loai khdc thufc hf thing ddng dd cdc thdn tft cd tiong ngft cdnh vdn ndi Id r&<br /> Id Idp tft ndy cd htoh thftc the hifn khd da phiic tap, cdng phu, ddi hdi nhieuflidigian vd<br /> id?ng, khdng bd hpp trong ph?im vi gidi h?n cfing siic nfn budc d ^ chftng tdi fliu thfp<br /> jdon vi tft, vd d|c bift hon ntta dupe sft dvmg nhttng flidn tft cftng vdi thih huing sft dvmg<br /> fha mft cfing cv diin d^t quan hf hen nhdn ttong cdc tdi lifu nghifn cihi,tirongmft si tdc<br /> ((mterpersonal) vdi tinh ngtt dvmg khd cao. pham vdn hpc, gido trtoh bdng tilng Anh vd<br /> Vdi nhttng ddctirungnhu vfy, lop tft ndy Idu tilng Vift<br /> Dvra ttfn danh myc thdn tft Anh - Vift fliu<br /> 0Xiy da dupe nghien ciiu khd nhiiu, ddc bift d<br /> liphuong difn hhlhflidihpe (morphology), ngft thfp dupe, chftng tfi tiln hdnh phdntich,flm<br /> ^gMa hpc (semantics) vd ngtt dyng hpc hilu nhttng dnh hudng cd thi cd cfta vdn hda<br /> <br /> S6<br /> <br /> NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG<br /> <br /> So4(246)-201t<br /> <br /> ddn tfc din than tft cua moi ngdn ngft, tft do ngac, vi dy nhu: Oh my God Oh ^<br /> thyc hifn so sdnh ddi chilu nhdm phdt hifn Goddess, Oh my gosh, by God!...<br /> nhttng diim tuong ding va khdc bift ve<br /> Oh my God John, your hair is so beauty<br /> phuong difn vdn hda gitta than tft tilng Anh<br /> that I wtmt to make my home. [2]<br /> vd tilng Vift qua dd ldm rd hon vai tid cfta<br /> Oh nty Goddess, 1 cannot believe thatjai<br /> ylu tl vdn hda dii vdi thdn tft ndi chung vd<br /> crawled out of the sink! [3]<br /> thdn tft cfta mft cfng dong ngdn ngtt ndi<br /> By God! That chicken has no head! [4]<br /> rieng.<br /> Kit qud khdo sat cdn cho thiy, tft "GW<br /> vd cde hiln thi xuat hifn trong ca nhftng thin<br /> 2.2.Ketqud<br /> 2.2.1. rrongiiing^/i/i: VSn hda nude Anh tii mang tinh cim ki (taboo), mang nghia ti&<br /> thufc nen vdn hda phuong Tdy, chiu dnh evic, thfm ehi cd tinh chat bdng bltiongting<br /> hudng Idn cfta Thien chfta gido. Doi vdi da so Anh. Ngudi ndi sur dyng cdc flidn tft ilj<br /> ngudi Anh (cd khodng 33 trifu ngudi Anh nhdm bilu d?t thdi df tftc gifn, vi dy nhit<br /> theo dao Thien Chfta, din theo si Ufu cfta godamm, godammit, goddam, goddmit,<br /> Hfi ding Anh http://www.educationuk.org/), goddammit, goddamn, goddamnit, goddmg,<br /> Chfta la mft Ding toi cao, ludn tin tai trong God in heaven,...<br /> ddi sing tdm linh cfta hp. Cd IS do ddc diem<br /> Ngodi nhttng thdn tft trfn, chung tli ih<br /> vl vdn hda ndy md hinh dnh Chfta xuat hifn ghi nhfn mft so thdn tii khdc cung cd tinli<br /> nhieu trongflidnhi tilng Anh. Kit qud khdo cim ki (cd hodc khdng cd lien quan do<br /> sdt cho Ally nhttng thdn tft chfta tft God (hay Chua) nhu: "Oh, hell!", "Damn it'",<br /> cdc biin thi Goddess, Gosh) pho biin tiong "Jesus", "Jesus Christ".<br /> tieng Anh nhu Id: God Almighty, God be with Nhta chung, do nin vdn hda nude Anh gi<br /> the days, God bless, God bless you, god<br /> Uen vdi Thien chfta gido nen ddc diem v^ vBl<br /> dammit, God damn, god damn, god forbid,<br /> God forbid, godforfend, Godforfend, God inhda cfta than tft trong tilng Anh cd ylu tc<br /> heaven, God preserve us, God Save the King,Chfta ti*i. Thdn tu cd chfta cdc tft vl CliSi<br /> God Save the Queen, God speed, God cung Id flidn tft dupe sft dyng phi biin Mi<br /> willing, god willing, God-speed, godamm, ngudi Anh.<br /> godammit, goddam, goddamit, goddammit, 2.2.2. Trong tiing Vi$t: Vift Nam Idnijl<br /> goddamn, goddamnit, goddang. Goddess quic gia cd 54 dan tfc, theo dd, mii dantje<br /> bless. Goddess bless you. Goddess forbid, lai dem din mft bdn sdc vdn hda rifng. Mft<br /> goddessdammit, goddessdamn, goddidlt, dft vdy, khdng ai phft nhdn rdng nin vdn li6a<br /> Goddidit, Goddy, God's bones, gods damn,Vift Id nin vdn hda Ifta nude, dupe d^c tnmi<br /> gods willing, godsdamn. Godspeed, oh my bdi sy hdi hda cia cdc yen tl Am vd Diio«(<br /> god (hay God), oh my Goddess, oh my gods,Trdi (gidi) djii difn cho Duong vd Bit k<br /> oh my gosh, (https://en.wiktionary.org).<br /> difn eho Am. Theo ngudi Vift, sy ket hij<br /> cua Am vd Duong mang 1^ ddi sing M<br /> Trong dd cd nhttngflidntft ngudi Anh sft<br /> phftc<br /> vd thinh vupng eho ngudi ddn. CSiJi<br /> dyng de cau xm Chua che chd, phft hf cho hp<br /> ho^ cho mft ai dd khdc nhu: God bless, God chinh vl Ig dd, nhihig thdn tft dupe sft dM<br /> bless you (hay May God bless you). Goddesspho bien trong tilng Vift thudng cd svr si'<br /> hifn cfta ylu to Am, Ducmg: Igy trdi lay A<br /> bless. Goddess bless you, vi dy:<br /> trdi dot ai, trdi cao dit day ai. CBng c*<br /> Good night everyone, and God bless. [1]<br /> tiTidng hpp "trdi", "gidi" dupe sft JW<br /> Tuy nhifn tft God vd cac hiln flil cung<br /> rifng rS nhu: trai ai Id trdi, trdi ai, giii *<br /> dupe sir dyng tiong nhflng flidn tir, cau cdm<br /> giai<br /> ai Id ai, trdi,...<br /> thdn nham dlfliehifn sy phin khich, sy kmh<br /> <br /> l64(246)-2016<br /> <br /> NG6N NGf & Dcn S6NG<br /> <br /> 57<br /> <br /> .Trdi ai Id trdi! ...May phd tao thi a? [5, ti ndi It, hilu nhieu. Thdn ttt tieim Vift cung<br /> 3]<br /> vfy. Qua khdo sdt, chung tdi thay rdng vifc<br /> ...Diia con gdi vita miu mdo vira ddp Igl: xdc dinh nghb cy till cfta mft so fliin tii kilu<br /> - Con dau bimg.<br /> nhu "p/idigio", "n5m/&«",...Id khdng de<br /> Gicfitriligidil [5,2011]<br /> mft chut ndo. Chinh vi vfy, vifc tim mpt flidn<br /> (NamCao;2005: 111) tft tuong duong tiong tilng Anh I^ cdng khd<br /> Dfi khi, "trdi" cdn dupe kit hpp vdi tft khdn hon. Vdi nhfhig thdn tft ndy, cd Id chi cd<br /> tung hd "dng" de thfm phan long trpng: ngudi Vift mdi hilu vd mdi bilt nfn dftng<br /> I'dng trdi ai", "dng trdi cd mdt". Ngudi chftng trong nhiing trudng hpp ndo. Vi dy:<br /> j/ift fluidng noi: cd "dng trdi" thi hdn sS ed<br /> ...Ch\ ngdc ddu nhin Igl vdng. Vien dm<br /> "bd ddt". Tuy nhifn, qua khdo sdt, chung tfi con chi, mdm hay cdn hd hSc, xem chimg ng<br /> ikaxa ghi nhfn ed trudng hpp ndo trong thdn met. Chi lay dtm chdng kheml:<br /> iAtilngVift cd sy xult hifn rifng If cfta ylu<br /> Phdi gidi Ddy dl!...sdng rdi [5,tt.3]<br /> ^ "Am" - hay "Dit" giing nhu trudng hpp ...Chi fitti bSn len vira phdt vdo lung anh, vita<br /> ifta ylu to "Dutmg" vira dl edp d trfn. N g i ^ bdo:<br /> Vift khdng ndi "Sdt ai" hay "ddt ai Id dit". - Ndm idml Cd ra chong md ndm khdng?<br /> Kit ve mdt ngdn ngtt, chiing ta ciing khfng Cdi Viin nd biit nd Igi cudi cho Id trd tre<br /> 'hi gidi thich dupe t^i sao ngudi Vift 1^ con. [5,tr.84]<br /> vdn "ddt ai". Md ddy cd 15 Id<br /> se flift thieu sdt neu chi dl cfp tdi nhttng<br /> heo t ^ tyc dan gian, hay ngudi Vift thudng thdn tft mang nghia tich cvic trong tilng Vift,<br /> bdi nhihig Iftc tftc gian hodc biic xftc vl mft<br /> idi la "theo cdc cy ngay xua".<br /> Trong tin ngudng vd van hda Vift, khi vin dl ndo dd, dftng thdn tft Id mft trong<br /> ^clt hpp vdi nhau, Trdi Ddt Id ylu to Unh nhiing cdch hifu qud giup ngudi Vift bdy to<br /> hifng vd cd sftc m^nh to Idn. Bdi vfy, mil cdm xiie, tdm tr^ng cfta minh. Chftng tdi cd<br /> •"dii cau nguyfn, ngirdi Vift thudng hay ndi: thi ke d ^ mft si than tft thufc loai ndy, nhu:<br /> '"£(5< Irii U/y dot!" nhu trong vl dy: ...Lt/y khon ngn, me kiip, m?, tiin su nhd nd, tiin<br /> nhdn nha nd, k$ bS nd, k0 me may,... Xm du<br /> '»*r % a&Z No cOng Id thdng khd, nd thdy bd<br /> ra day mpt vdi vi dy minh hpa:<br /> id ndi thi thi nd thdi ngay, nd khdng dd ddng<br /> ... Khdn ngnl Khdn ngn cho thi ldm! Cdi<br /> Vin vlfc cudi xin gi nua. Nhung nd cd ve<br /> iuSn. Vd ldo biit nd vdn theo dudi con Ida sd thi chdng ra gl nin vd phdi mdt thdng<br /> chong khdng biit lo, biit nghl [5,ti. H"/]<br /> tmm,...<br /> [6,tt.86]<br /> ...M( kiipt Dga! Dga thi dng ciing Uidng<br /> i Ngodi ra, tixmg tilng Vift, chung tdi cdn<br /> i ^ y sy kit hpp cfta cdc thdn tft "bdm, hff, j(r. [5,tr.l53]<br /> Tuy nhifn, nhibig thdn tft dang ndy vin<br /> ,(htta, xin" vdi cdc tft xung ho ehi vai tifti<br /> ,,'dng bd, cu" nhdm bdy td thai dp le phfp: Igy mang nghia tifu eye, khdng cd sdc thdi tiang<br /> 'pf, bdm cu, bdm bd, bdm quan Idn, Ihua trpng<br /> bd, nfn chi dupe sft dyng trong mft so tinh<br /> :hua dng,... Sy kit hpp ndy djc bift phi bien huing nhit dinh,...<br /> Nhu vfy, di cftng vdi d$c tnmg vdn hda<br /> !Vdoflidiphong kien ngdy xua, vi dy: ...La'<br /> ':{i g. Bam cf... Con din cua cuc^keucu cfta nude "Vift, mft quic gia da vdn hda vdi<br /> nin nfing nghifp Ifta nude, thdn tft tieng Vift<br /> '^B(S(vi^c