Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders affecting 1.7 million people in North America. Recent studies have shown an increasing incidence of CD in children, and an overall prevalence of 10% to 25% of all patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 2,3 CD is characterized by patchy transmural inflammation involving any segment of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Patients will typically show recurrent clinical exacerbations marked by symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding, alternating with episodes of quiescent disease. Children often manifest constitutional signs of weight loss, growth failure and pubertal...