Phẫu thuật và cải thiện chất lượng sống ở bệnh nhân trượt đốt sống thắt lưng: Tổng quan luận điểm

Lumbosacral spondylolisthesis is a common cause of lower back pain and can significantly impair patient mobility and quality of life. While conservative treatments often provide relief, surgical intervention becomes crucial when these fail or neurological deficits emerge. Surgery is widely recognized as a standard approach to restore health-related quality of life in affected individuals. This scoping review addresses the critical need for a comprehensive overview of the role of surgery in improving outcomes for patients undergoing surgical treatment for lumbosacral spondylolisthesis, thereby providing valuable insights into its efficacy and impact on patient well-being.

Orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, pain management specialists, general practitioners, researchers in spinal disorders, and healthcare policymakers.

This scoping review systematically investigated the role of surgery in enhancing the quality of life for patients afflicted with lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. Employing a rigorous methodology, 7 relevant studies (comprising 1 clinical trial, 5 cohort studies, and 1 cross-sectional study) were selected from an initial pool of 224 articles. The findings consistently demonstrated that surgical intervention significantly improved patients' quality of life, with statistically meaningful outcomes. Notably, these improvements were particularly evident in cases with severe spondylolisthesis and those followed up over longer periods. The study highlights the utility of standardized assessment tools such as the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) in objectively measuring significant reductions in disability and enhancements in overall well-being post-surgery. The results underscore the substantial benefit of surgery in managing this condition, especially when conservative methods are insufficient. The study's implications are far-reaching, reinforcing the current clinical practice of considering surgery for appropriate cases and advocating for sustained, long-term patient monitoring. Future research should focus on larger-scale, long-term studies to further solidify these conclusions and optimize treatment protocols, ensuring better patient outcomes and quality of care. The diversity of included studies from various geographical locations and patient demographics (ranging from young to elderly) contributes to the generalizability of these findings, suggesting broad applicability across different healthcare contexts.