Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P2

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Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P2: The transmitter encodes the information into a suitable form to be transmitted over the communications channel. The communications channel moves this signal as electromagnetic energy from the source to one or more destination receivers. The channel may convert this energy from one form to another, such as electrical to optical signals, whilst maintaining the integrity of the information so the recipient can understand the message sent by the transmitter....

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Nội dung Text: Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P2

)UTZKTZY 6XKLGIK ^\OO 1 /TZXUJ[IZOUT ZU IUSS[TOIGZOUTY 1.1 Data communications 1 1.2 Transmitters, receivers and communication channels 2 /TZKXLGIK YZGTJGXJY )UJOTM 6XUZUIURY 9USK IUSSUTR_ [YKJ IUSS[TOIGZOUTY VXUZUIURY 1.3 Types of communication channels 4 'TGRUM IUSS[TOIGZOUT INGTTKRY 1.4 Communications channel properties 4 9OMTGR GZZKT[GZOUT )NGTTKR HGTJ]OJZN 4UOYK 1.5 Data transmission modes 8 *OXKIZOUT UL YOMTGR LRU] 9_TINXUTO`GZOUT UL JOMOZGR JGZG YOMTGRY 'Y_TINXUTU[Y ZXGTYSOYYOUT 9_TINXUTU[Y ZXGTYSOYYOUT 1.6 Encoding methods 12 3GTINKYZKX *OLLKXKTZOGR 3GTINKYZKX 8@ XKZ[XT ZU `KXU 48@ TUTXKZ[XT ZU `KXU 32: (( 1.7 Error detection 14 )_IROI XKJ[TJGTI_ INKIQ )8) 2 4KZ]UXQOTM L[TJGSKTZGRY 2.1 Overview 15 2.2 Network communication 16 )OXI[OZ Y]OZINOTM 6GIQKZ Y]OZINOTM *GZGMXGSY GTJ \OXZ[GR IOXI[OZY 2.3 Types of networks 18 2UIGR GXKG TKZ]UXQY 2'4Y =OJK GXKG TKZ]UXQY ='4Y 3KZXUVUROZGT GXKG TKZ]UXQY 3'4Y
vi Contents )U[VROTM XGZOU
Contents vii 3.5 Frame transmission 51 3.6 Frame reception 51 3.7 Collisions 52 3.8 MAC frame format 53 3.9 Difference between 802.3 and Ethernet 55 3.10 Reducing collisions 55 3.11 Ethernet design rules 55 2KTMZN UL ZNK IGHRK YKMSKTZ 3G^OS[S ZXGTYIKO\KX IGHRK RKTMZN 4UJK VRGIKSKTZ X[RKY 3G^OS[S ZXGTYSOYYOUT VGZN 3G^OS[S TKZ]UXQ YO`K 8KVKGZKX X[RKY )GHRK Y_YZKS MXU[TJOTM 4 ,GYZ GTJ MOMGHOZ +ZNKXTKZ Y_YZKSY 4.1 Achieving higher speed 59 )GHROTM ROSOZGZOUTY 4.2 100Base-T (100Base-TX, -T4, -FX, -T2) 60 /+++[ (GYK: YZGTJGXJY GXXGTMKSKTZ 6N_YOIGR SKJO[S OTJKVKTJKTZ 6.? Y[HRG_KX (GYK:> GTJ ,> VN_YOIGR SKJOG JKVKTJKTZ 63* Y[HRG_KX (GYK: VN_YOIGR SKJOG JKVKTJKTZ 63* Y[HRG_KX (GYK: (GYK: N[HY (GYK: GJGVZKXY 4.3 Fast Ethernet design considerations 65 ;:6 IGHROTM JOYZGTIKY (GYK:>: ,OHKX UVZOI IGHRK JOYZGTIKY (GYK,> (GYK: XKVKGZKX X[RKY 9GSVRK IGRI[RGZOUT 4.4 Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base-T 67 -OMGHOZ +ZNKXTKZ Y[SSGX_ -OMGHOZ +ZNKXTKZ 3') RG_KX 6N_YOIGR SKJO[S OTJKVKTJKTZ 6.? Y[HRG_KX (GYK9> LUX NUXO`UTZGR LOHKX (GYK2> LUX \KXZOIGR HGIQHUTK IGHROTM (GYK)> LUX IUVVKX IGHROTM (GYK: LUX IGZKMUX_ ;:6 -OMGHOZ +ZNKXTKZ L[RRJ[VRK^ XKVKGZKXY 4.5 Gigabit Ethernet design considerations 71 ,OHKX UVZOI IGHRK JOYZGTIKY -OMGHOZ XKVKGZKX X[RKY
viii Contents 5 /TZXUJ[IZOUT ZU :)6/6 5.1 The origins of TCP/IP 74 5.2 The ARPA model vs the OSI model 75 5.3 The TCP/IP protocol suite vs the ARPA model 75 6 /TZKXTKZ RG_KX VXUZUIURY 6.1 Overview 78 6.2 Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) 79 9U[XIK UL /6 GJJXKYYKY :NK V[XVUYK UL ZNK /6 GJJXKYY /6\ GJJXKYY TUZGZOUT 4KZ]UXQ /* GTJ NUYZ /* 'JJXKYY IRGYYKY *KZKXSOTOTM ZNK GJJXKYY IRGYY H_ OTYVKIZOUT 4[SHKX UL TKZ]UXQY GTJ NUYZY VKX GJJXKYY IRGYY 9[HTKZ SGYQY 9[HTKZZOTM 6XO\GZK \Y /TZKXTKZ[TOW[K /6 GJJXKYYKY )RGYYRKYY GJJXKYYOTM )RGYYRKYY OTZKXJUSGOT XU[ZOTM )/*8 /6\ NKGJKX YZX[IZ[XK 6GIQKZ LXGMSKTZGZOUT 6.3 Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6/IPng) 94 /TZXUJ[IZOUT /6\ U\KX\OK] /6\ NKGJKX LUXSGZ /6\ K^ZKTYOUTY /6\ GJJXKYYKY ,RU] RGHKRY 6.4 Address resolution protocol (ARP) 103 'JJXKYY XKYUR[ZOUT IGINK '86 NKGJKX 6XU^_ '86 -XGZ[OZU[Y '86 6.5 Reverse address resolution protocol (RARP) 106 6.6 Internet control message protocol (ICMP) 107 /)36 SKYYGMK YZX[IZ[XK /)36 GVVROIGZOUTY 9U[XIK W[KTIN 8KJOXKIZOUT SKYYGMKY :OSK K^IKKJKJ SKYYGMKY 6GXGSKZKX VXUHRKS SKYYGMKY ;TXKGINGHRK JKYZOTGZOUT
Contents ix /)36 W[KX_ SKYYGMKY 6.7 Routing protocols 114 8U[ZOTM HGYOIY *OXKIZ \Y OTJOXKIZ JKRO\KX_ 9ZGZOI \KXY[Y J_TGSOI XU[ZOTM '[ZUTUSU[Y Y_YZKSY /TZKXOUX K^ZKXOUX GTJ MGZK]G_ZUMGZK]G_ VXUZUIURY 6.8 Interior gateway protocols 117 6.9 Exterior gateway protocols (EGP’s) 120 (-6 7 .UYZZUNUYZ ZXGTYVUXZ RG_KX VXUZUIURY 7.1 TCP (transmission control protocol) 123 (GYOI L[TIZOUTY 6UXZY 9UIQKZY 9KW[KTIK T[SHKXY 'IQTU]RKJMSKTZ T[SHKXY 9ROJOTM ]OTJU]Y +YZGHROYNOTM G IUTTKIZOUT )RUYOTM G IUTTKIZOUT :NK V[YN UVKXGZOUT 3G^OS[S YKMSKTZ YO`K :NK :)6 LXGSK 7.2 UDP (user datagram protocol) 131 (GYOI L[TIZOUTY :NK ;*6 LXGSK 8 'VVROIGZOUT RG_KX VXUZUIURY 8.1 Introduction 133 8.2 File transfer protocol (FTP) 134 /TZKXTGR ,:6 IUSSGTJY ,:6 [YKX IUSSGTJY 'TUT_SU[Y ,:6 8.3 Trivial file transfer protocol (TFTP) 137 /TZXUJ[IZOUT ,XGSK Z_VKY 8.4 TELNET (telecommunications network) 140 8.5 RLOGIN (remote login) 143 8.6 NFS (network file system) 143 8.7 DNS (domain name system) 144 4GSK XKYUR[ZOUT [YOTM NUYZY LORKY