Quy trình bảo quản cam bằng công nghệ bọc màng bán thấm

PHO BIEN KHOA HOC KY THUAT<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Q U Y TRINH B A O Q U A N C A M B A N G CONG NGHE BOC M A N G B A N T H A M<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. D a c t i n h b i e n d o i cua q u a sau khai bao quan qua cd m u i giai doan 2001-<br /> thu hoach 2005 phuc v u noi tieu va xuat khau cua<br /> Qua sau k h i t h u hai van tiep tuc co Vien cd dien Ndng nghiep va Cong nghe sau<br /> nhdng hoat dong sdng, co nhieu bien doi ve t h u hoach (Bo Ndng nghiep va PTNT) dtidc<br /> sinh ly, sinh hoa,... trong qua van xay ra kiem chdng tai cac cd sd san xuat: Ndng<br /> trong qua t r i n h bao quan. Mot so qua t r i n h trUdng Cao Phong, t i n h Hda Binh. ho ndng<br /> bien ddi chinh dien ra doi vdi qua sau t h u dan huyen V i Xuyen, Bac Quang (tinh Ha<br /> hoach bao gdm cac qua t r i n h ho hap, qua Giang), huyen Luc Yen (Yen Bai). huyen<br /> trinh sinh san Ehtylen, sU sinh nhiet (hau Ham Yen (Tuyen Quang), Ha Noi. Nghe<br /> qua cua qua t r i n h ho hap tU nhien cua qua) An, TP H C M , Ben Tre. V i n h Long, Ddng<br /> va sU bay hdi. Cac qua t r i n h dd lam giam Nai...<br /> khdi Iddng qua va lam thay ddi thanh phan Nguyen ly tac dung mang ban tham<br /> hoa hoc cac chat trong qua, bien doi sac to BQE 15: BQE 15 dang the sda ban long ion<br /> cua qua. am (anionic), mau nau vang nhat, thanh<br /> Do vay qua t r i n h bao quan chung cho phan chinh la keo PE kich thudc rat nhd<br /> qua la deu nham khac phuc mat hai cua (trung binh 50 mm), tan mot phan trong<br /> nhdng qua t r i n h bien ddi noi tren. Dda vao nUdc, do nhdt nhd hdn 200 cp (d 23°C), p H<br /> nhdng dac tinh bien ddi sinh hoa do ma cac 8,5-9,5, la hdp chat khdng bay hdi. khdi<br /> nha khoa hoc cd the dtia ra cac che pham va lUdng rieng 0,97-0,99, nhiet do chay 149°F<br /> quy t r i n h cdng nghe phu hdp de keo dai thdi (tUdng dUdng 65°C), khdng dn dinh d trang<br /> gian bao quan rau qua sau k h i thu hoach. thai lanh sau, thdi gian bao quan 12 thang<br /> 2. Phu'dng p h a p<br /> bao q u a n<br /> Hien nay tren the<br /> gidi va d Viet Nam cd rat<br /> nhieu cac phtidng phap<br /> bao quan rau qua trong<br /> do cd phu'dng phap bao<br /> quan bang mang ban<br /> tham.<br /> Xuat xd: Bao quan<br /> cam bang cong nghe boc<br /> mang ban tham la ket<br /> qua nghien cdu dng dung<br /> cong nghe cua mot so'<br /> ntidc phat t r i e n nam<br /> 2005 cd chon loc phu hop<br /> vdi dieu kien Viet Nam<br /> ket hdp vdi tong ket cac<br /> ket qua nghien cdu trien<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THONG TIN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE SO 4/2010 15<br />  PHO BIEN KHOA HOC KY THUAT<br /> <br /> <br /> BQE 15 sii dung de tao mang ban tham do chin ky thuat (khi qua da dat tdi da ve<br /> v trUc tiep cho cac loai cam, quyt, budi. Dap kich thudc nhung vd qua cdn xanh). cat cam<br /> dng dUdc yeu cau cua cac tieu chuan tren bang keo sac (cat sat ndm qua), cat xong<br /> cac t h i trUdng ldn n h u M y , E U . Trong cau nen de vao vat dung (thung. sot,...) tranh<br /> tao cua BQE cd cac t h a n h phan chap nhan de cam trUc tie'p xudng dat. K h i t h u hoach<br /> de boc mang ban t h a m (coating) cho r a u cam can nhe tay t r a n h bam dap, xay xat.<br /> qua tUdi theo nguyen ly tao mang rat mdng 2. Lua chon: Nen loai bd nhdng qua<br /> tren be mat qua nham cho tham k h i O., cd khdng cung do chin (xanh qua hoac chin<br /> gidi han t d khong k h i vao be mat qua de qua), ong cham, nhdng qua bam dap, rung<br /> han che cUting do hd hap cua qua, han che cudng, sau benh,...<br /> bay hdi nUdc cua qua, gid dUtic do tUdi, giam 3. Lam sach: Giup cam sach vi sinh<br /> hao hut khoi Iddng. Ngan can v i sinh vat vat, sach ban qua cam trd nen bdng dep hdn<br /> tiep xuc vdi qua de giam t i le thdi hdng cua va tang hieu qua trong qua t r i n h bao mang.<br /> qua. Ngoai ra qua tUdi, bong, dep hap dan Neu khdi lifting cam nhd cd the lau sach<br /> ngUtii tieu dung. tdng qua, neu khdi lifting cam ldn co the rda<br /> Bao quan cam bang cdng nghe boc bangnUdc.<br /> mang ban tham de sd dung (chi can dung 4. De kho: De dam bao cho qua trinh<br /> khan tham lau tren mat qua cam la dUtic). bao mang, sau k h i rda cam dddc hong khd<br /> khdng doc hai, chi p h i re. Lieu lrfdng sd (cd the bang each hong kho t d nhien hoac<br /> dung: l k g BQE 15 sU dung cho 800-1000 kg bang quat may). Sau cong doan hong khd<br /> cam tuy kich thudc qua. dam bao be mat vd qua cam khdng cdn dong<br /> Sd do quy t r i n h bao quan cam bang nUdc. Tdng thdi gian t d k h i thu hoach den<br /> mang ban tham: k h i chuan b i xoa mang toi thieu 2 ngay, toi<br /> Cam qua da 4 ngay.<br /> 5. Nhung hoac xoa mdng BQE 15:<br /> Liia chpn Neu khdi lifdng cam nhd cd the dung khan<br /> mem tham Udt dich BQE 15 va xoa nhe<br /> Lam sach<br /> tdng qua de tao thanh mot mang rat mdng<br /> , j " ", tren be mat vd qua hoac neu khdi lifting cam<br /> De kho<br /> ldn cd the t d dich BQE 15 gdc pha them 6-<br /> [ Nhiing hoac xoa 8% nUdc va tien hanh nhung qua trong 20-<br /> mang BQE 15 30 giay vdt ra de rao. Sau k h i bao mang han<br /> i , che tie'p xuc trtfc tiep vdi qua de tranh hien<br /> Hong kho tUdng mang ban tham bi thung k h i chifa<br /> = 3 . dUdc bong kho. '<br /> j Hop catton |<br /> 6. Hong kho: De kho t u nhien trong<br /> i<br /> Xep kho khoang thdi gian toi thieu 1 ngay, tdi da 3<br /> ngay rdi mdi tien hanh bao gdi bang tdi<br /> | Bao quan LDPE.<br /> | Kiem tra 7. Dong hpp carton: Cam sau khi<br /> dddc hong khd hoan toan dda vao ddng<br /> T h u y e t m i n h q u i t r i n h bao q u a n : thung carton. M 6 i thung co the ddng difdc<br /> 1. Cam qua: Cam dUtic thu hoach dung 7-10kg cam qua, xe'p cam thanh 2 ldp tren<br /> (Xem tiep trang 19)<br /> <br /> <br /> 16 THOH TIN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE SO 4/2010<br />  PHO BIEN KHOA HOC KY THUAT<br /> <br /> <br /> •? thuoc cua TQ chUa qua kiem nghiem,...len Nong (theo chi dan t r e n bao bi) phun cho<br /> hoa, qua non. gid hoa 2 lan: lan I k h i gio hoa mdi nhu; lan<br /> + Sdu do xanh ldn: Sau non h i n h gay, I I k h i hoa nd mot tuan. Cd the ket hop phun<br /> mdi nd mau xanh nhat, sau do chuyen sang thudc sau hoac benh.<br /> mau nau, gay hai bang each an la non. co Qua non cd diidng kinh 3 den 4<br /> the an t r u i cac nhanh hoa, qua non. Loai mm: Phun Atonic hoac kich phat td Thien<br /> nay thudng gay hai phd bien t d k h i chum Ndng mot lan vdi ndng do bang 1/2 so vdi chi<br /> hoa mdi n h d den k h i dau qua non cd dudng d i n . Lan p h u n nay cd tac dung giam rung<br /> k i n h (2-3 mm). qua sinh ly, gid dude tdi da so' qua tren<br /> Phong t r d : K h i sau non xuat hien can chum hoa.<br /> phun t r d bang cac thuoc nhd: Supracide, Chd y: Viec sd dung cac chat kich<br /> Antaphos, Ataza theo dung chi dan tren thich sinh trUdng can tuan t h u theo chi<br /> bao gdi thudc BVTV. dan, neu phun qua lieu ltidng cd the gay soc<br /> 4. S d d u n g c h a t k i c h t h i c h s i n h (ngo doc) dan de'n hoa, qua rung, neu phun<br /> trifd-ng. khdnp du lieu ltidng se khdng cd tac dung.<br /> TrUdc khi ra hoa: Le V a n LUdng<br /> Dung Atonic hoac kich phat to' Thien Trung tdm l/DTBKHCN<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Q u y t r i n h b a o q u d n c a m . . .<br /> (Tiep theo trang 16)<br /> va dudi, gida cac ldp dUdc ngan bang mdt cam (ldp gida nen chuyen ra ben ngoai)<br /> mieng carton. khoang 1-2 tuan/1 lan. Trong qua t r i n h dao<br /> 8. Xep kho: Sau k h i boc coatinh va phat hien qua nao thdi (do nguyen lieu dau<br /> ddng hop, cam dddc xe'p vao kho, cd the de vao bi ton thUdng) nen loai bd ngay tranh<br /> dudi dat hoac xe'p tren san vdi chieu day ldp lay la±i sang qua khac.<br /> cam t d 30 - 50cm. Yeu cau kho kho rao, Sau thdi gian bao quan khoang 2<br /> thoang mat, khong bi dot. thang, thddng xuyen kiem tra de phat hien<br /> 9. Bdo qudn vd kiem tra: Trong thdi gian tdi da cua qua t r i n h bao quan. Cd<br /> thdi gian bao quan can kiem tra va dao ldp the xuat kho mang ban.<br /> C h a t l i f c m g c a m sau bao quan<br /> <br /> Cac chi tieu M a u ddi chdng M a u x u ly<br /> Cac chi tieu theo doi (khong xu ly) (bao mang BQE-15 )<br /> Hao hut trong luang (%) 61,20 4-6<br /> l y le thdi hong ( i ) f<br /> 15,21 1-2<br /> Chat khd hda tan (°Bx) 1 1,0 9,8<br /> Ham luang dudng (%) 7,1 6,9<br /> Ham luong vitaminC (mg%) 15,42 25,20<br /> Qua mem, mau vang Qua cung, mau vang dep,<br /> Cam quan<br /> nau,heo khd bdng<br /> Dang Thai Hirng<br /> <br /> <br /> THONG TIN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE SO 4/2010 19<br />