Sổ tay hướng dẫn trả lời câu hỏi và bài tập Lịch sử 11 nâng cao: Phần 2

Chia sẻ: Co đơn Trăm Năm | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:53

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

321
lượt xem 37
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Nối tiếp nội dung phần 1 tài liệu Hướng dẫn trả lời câu hỏi và bài tập Lịch sử 11 nâng cao, phần 2 là các hướng dẫn trả lời các câu hỏi và bài tập về lịch sử thế giới hiện đại, lịch sử Việt Nam từ năm 1858-1918. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: Sổ tay hướng dẫn trả lời câu hỏi và bài tập Lịch sử 11 nâng cao: Phần 2

Nhdn xet : - Mac du C O sir chenh ISch v l t r i n h do phat t r i e n k i n h te, v l dien t i c h va dan so giOfa cac nifdc cong hoa, nhung tir tircmg c h i dao co ban cua L e - n i n l a s a - So v(Ji n a m 1913 t h i san luang cdc sdn phSm d Nga gidm siit nghiem binh d i n g ve moi mat va quyen t u quyet ciia cac d a n tpc, sir giiip dor iSn nhau t r p n g , d i l u do chijfng to r&ng k i n h te nKdc N g a X6 v i e t dang gap r a t nhieu cung phat t r i e n v i muc tieu chung la xay difng t h a n h cong chu nghia x a hpi. kho k h a n . . D§'n cuoi n a m 1925,, n h d siT n6 lUc ciia cac nifdc cpng hoa. L i e n Xo da - NhOrng k h 6 k h a n , thur t h a c h do dat r a cho rnldc N g a X6 vi§'t cAn p h a i c6 jioan t h a n h ve cP ban cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te sau chien t r a n h . c h i n h sach ve k i n h te cho phu hop de d\ia dat nUdc t h o a t k h o i k h i i n g hoang. C S u 6 : V a i t r o c u a V . I . L e - n i n t r o n g c o n g c u p c k h o i p h u c k i n h te v a ; C a u 3 : V i s a o v i ^ c t h i i c h i ^ n C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m6i l a i b^t d a u tit p h a t t r i e n d a t ni^dfc s a u chie'n t r a n h . nong nghiep ? * HU&ng ddn trd lai : * Huong d&n trd lai : - Sau chie'n t r a n h , nUdc N g a X6 v i e t gSp r a t n h i e u k h o k h a n , de k h i c phuc C h i n h sdch k i n h tS" mcJi d Nga b i t dau tuf nong nghiep, ma quan t r o n g khung hoang, n h a n h chong han g i n vet thupng chien t r a n h va p h a t t r i e n n h a t l a t h a y the che dp triftig t h u liTcfng thifc thiTa b k n g ch§' do thue ItfOng k i n h te, L e - n i n da de r a C h i n h sach k i n h te m d i . N h d c h i n h sach nay da diTa thifc. Sd d i n h a vay v i : rxxidc Nga virpt qua cupc k h u n g hoang k i n h t e , c h i n h t r i . - Do'i v d i niTdc N g a liic nay de thoat ra k h o i k h u n g hoang, n o n g nghiep la - T r o n g cong cupc xay ditog va bao ve dat niTdc doi h o i cac dan tpc p h a i k h a u can ban, tiT do c6 t h e keo theo toan bo day chuygn ciia cugc phat t r i e n li§n m i n h chat che v d i nhau n h i m tang ci/cfng suTc m a n h ve m p i m a t . C h i n h luc lirong san xua't. L§-nin la ngifori chi dao true tiep D a i h p i Ian thi? nha't c i c x6 v i e t toan L i e n - Viec n o n g dan diTcfc t i f do ban liTOng thUc r a t h i triTdng sau k h i nop du bang va t u y e n bo t h a n h lap L i e n bang Cpng hoa xa h p i chii n g h i a Xo v i e t thue se l a m cho ho p h a n k h d i san xua't, nang cao n a n g sua't lao dpng, san (gpi t i t l a L i e n Xo). xuS't n o n g nghiep phuc h o i n h a n h chong. - Sau l i h i t h a n h lap L i e n bang Xo viet, L e - n i n c6n chi dao cic niro'c cpng hoa - T r e n ca sor dugc cung cap lucfng thirc va nguyen l i e u tU nong nghiep, san phai thiTc hien quyen b i n h d i n g , quyen dan tpc tiT quyet va giup dd Ifin nhau xua't cong nghiep difcrc phuc hoi va phat t r i e n . cung phat t r i e n v i muc tieu chung la xay diftig t h a n h cdng chii nghia xa hpi. C a u 4 : Dijfa v a o so l i ^ u n S m 1921 v a n a m 1923 t r o n g b a n g k e dtfofi d&y, - N h 6 nhutng cong lao to Idn cua L e - n i n cung vdi sir n8 liTc ciia cac niTdc h a y n e u t a c d ^ n g c u a C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m d i d o i v d i n e n k i n h te'. cpng hoa ma L i e n Xo da hoan t h a n h ve cP ban cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te * Huang ddn trd lai : sau chien t r a n h . San pham Nam 1921 Nam 1923 C a u 7 : H a y c h o b i e t v i sao de x a y d i J t a g chu nghia xa hpi, n h a n dSn Ngu coc ( t r i e u ta'n) 37,6 L i e n X o p h a i thrfc h i ^ n n h i ^ m v u c o n g n g h i e p h o a ? 56,6 * Huang ddn trd lai : Gang ( t r i e u ta'n) 0,1 0,3 - Sau k h i hoan thanh cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te. L i e n Xo chiTa thoat Thep ( t r i e u ta'n) 0,2 0,7 k h 6 i t i n h t r a n g san xua't lac hau, vdi nen nong nghiep chiem t r e n 2/3 tong V a i spi ( t r i e u met) 105,0 691,0 s i n p h a m quo'c dan. Dien (trieu kw/h) 0,55 1,1 - L i e n Xo p h a i thiTc h i e n n h i e m vu cong nghiep hoa de bien L i e n Xo tir * Tdc dung: • ([ ni6t mrdc n o n g nghiep thanh mot nirdc cong nghiep. • Phuc h o i , p h a t t r i e n k i n h te, cai t h i e n dofi song n h a n dan. 3' C a u 8 : N e u n h S n g t h a n h t i i u c u a c o n g c u p c x a y drfng c h i i n g h i a x a - NiMc N g a da day m a n h diigc san xuat va luu t h o n g h a n g hod. h p i d L i e n X o q u a h a i k e h o a c h 5 n&m. - Tao ccf sd k i n h t e , c h i n h t r i cho L i e n X6 bifdc vao coftg cupc xay dutog chu * Huang ddn trd lai : nghia xa h o i . *a| - Qua h a i ke hoach 5 n a m , cong cupc xay diTng chu n g h i a xa h p i da dat C a u 5 : L i e n b a n g X 6 v i e t dtidc t h a n h l^ip n h i ^ the n a o ? dirpc n h i e u t h a n h tiAi to I d n , diTa L i e n Xo tiT mot nirdc nong nghiep lac hau * Huang ddn trd lai : t r d thanh mot cUfifng quoc cong nghiep xa h p i chii nghia. N a m 1937, san - Durdi s U c h i dao trirc t i e p cua V . L L e - n i n , D a i h p i I a n thiJ nha't cac X6 lupng cong n g h i e p c h i e m 77,4% t o n g san lirpng quoc dan. viet toan L i e n bang d i i n r a cuoi t h a n g 12 - 1922 da tuyen b6' t h a n h lap L i e n - T r o n g n o n g nghiep, cong cupc tap the h6a nong nghiep da dira 93% so bang Cong hoa xa h p i chu nghia X6 v i e t (gpi tit la L i e n x6), gom bon nifdc jRdng hp v d i t r e n 9 0 % d i ^ n t i c h canh tac v a o n e n n o n g nghiep t a p t h e h o a , c6 Cpng hoa X6 viet dau t i e n la Nga, U-crai-na, Be-16-rut-xi-a va Ngoai Cap-ca-do. Bn' mo san xua't I d n va cd sd vat cha't - k i thuat dirpc co g i d i hoa. 126 HI? 127
- Ve v a n h6a - giao due, Li§n xo da t h a n h todn n a n m u chOr, xAy di m g hi I I . C A U H 6 I VA B A I T A P B 6 SUNG t h o n g gido due t h o n g n h a t , hoan t h a n h pho cap gi&o due t i e u hoc t r o n g c? C a u 1 : T r i n h bay hoan canh, n p i dung v a y nghia c u a C h i n h sach nude va thue hi§n ph6 cap gido due t r u n g hoe co sd d cdc t h a n h pho. k i n h te mdri. - Cung v d i nhumg bien doi ve k i n h t e , co cdu giai cap xa h o i cung t h a y doi * Huang ddn trd Idi .• CAc giai cap b6c l o t b i xoa bo, c h i c6n l a i h a i ' giai cap lao dong l a cong nhan - Hoan cdnh : nong dan t a p t h e va t a n g Idp t r i thiJc m d i xa h o i chu nghla. + N a m 1921, nirdc N g a Xo vie t budc vao t h d i k i hoa b i n h xay difng dat - Tir n a m 1937, n h a n d a n L i g n xo tiep tuc thuc h i e n ke hoaeh 5 n a m lai nUdc t r o n g hoan canh cure k i k h 6 k h a n : N e n k i n h te quoc d a n b i t a n p h a thiJ ba, n h u t i g cong cupc xay dung chii nghia xa h o i t a m thori b i gian doan bo n g h i e m t r o n g . T i n h h i n h chinh t r i k h o n g on d i n h , cac luc lUcJng p h a n cdch cuoc chie'n t r a n h x a m lucfc cua p h a t x i t Dijfc t h d n g 6 - 1941. m a n g dien cuong chong pha, gay bao loan d nhie u n o i . + Nifdc N g a tax vao t i n h t r a n g k h i i n g hoang v l k i n h te' - c h i n h t r i , de C a u 9 : Tiif n a m 1922 d e n n a m 1933, L i e n X o d a d ^ t diT^c nhuing k e l q u a g i t r o n g q u a n h § n g o a i giao ? oa sif t o n t a i ciia C h i n h quyen Xo viet. * Hudng ddn trd lai : + N h ^ m khdc phuc k h u n g hoang, n h a n h chong h a n g 6 n v e t thtfOng chien t r a n h v a p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e . D a i h o i I a n t h d X D a n g B6n-se-vich vao t h d n g - Sau each m a n g t h d n g MiTcfi, C h i n h quyen Xo v i e t da t i t o g budc xdc laj: 3 - 1921 quyet d i n h chuyen Chinh sach Cong sdn thai, chien sang Chinh sach quan h § ngoai giao v d i m o t s6' nUdc Idng gieng d chau A v ^ chau A u . kinh te mdi. - Tuy n h i S n , t 6 n t a i tron'g vong vay t h u dich cua chu ngbTp t>' ^-^^ +hp pirti L i e n Xo da k i e n t r i va b e n b i daii t r a n h t r o n g quan he q: - Noi dung Chinh sach kinh te mdi : v5 c h i n h sach bao vay, co l a p ve k i n h te vk ngoai giao cua ckc nUdc de quoc. + T h a y che do t r i m g t h u Itfcfng thiTc thifa bling thue lifcmg thuc. C a u 10 : L a p b a n g s o s a n h " C h i n h s a c h c p n g s a n t h d i c h i S n " v a + Cho phep t u n h a n xay dung nhCifng x i nghiep nho, k h u y e n k h i c h t i f ban " C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m d i " theo m S u dufdti d a y : niTdc ngo^i dau tii k i n h doanh d Nga. + N h ^ nufdc nim ckc mach mau k i n h t e . Ti§u chi so s^nh Chi'nh sach c6ng sdn \W\n Chinh sach kinh te mtfl + Tir n h a n dUOc tir do bu6n b ^ n , trao doi. Hoan dnh - Y nghia: IMOi dung + Dua ni/dc N g a thoat k h 6 i k h u n g hoang v l k i n h te - c h i n h t r i . Tac dgng + T h e h i e n sif chuyen doi k i p t h d i , d l y sang tao tiT n e n k i n h te m a N h a *Hudng ddn trd Idi: nude nAm doc quyen v4 m o i m a t sang n e n k i n h te nhieu t h d n h p h a n v a tU do Ti6u chi so sanh Chinh sach c6ng sin thofl chl6'n Chinh sach kinh te' m6i buon b a n . Hoan canh 1918 -1920, tienhanh chi§'n tranh 1921 - 1925, I
C a u 3 : E m C O nhgn xet gi ve " C h i n h sach k i n h te mdri"? Theo hieu ChUcfng VII biet cua em Dang C^ng san V i ? t Nam c6 v|ln dung chinh sach nay trong thdi k i doi m«Ji khong ? CAC N U C I C T\J BAN CHU NGHTA * Hudng ddn trd lai : GlOfA HAI C U Q C CHIEN TRANH THE GICll (1918 - 1 9 3 9 ) - Co the xem "Chinh sach kinh te m6i" la mot budrc liii nhimg la mot biTdc lui ckn thiet de Lien Xo vuot qua nhufng kho khan thuf thach, tao da vOrng Bai 25 birdc v^o th&i k i xay dimg chu nghia xa hoi, the hien su lanh dao sang suot cua Dang B6n-se-vich dufng dau la Le-nin. K H A I Q U A T C A C Nl/CfC TlT B A N C H U N G H I A GltJA H A I - Dang ta da van dung kinh nghiem nay vao dieu kien cu the cua Viet Nam C U O C C H I E N T R A N H T H E GlCfl (1918 - 1939) trong thdi k i doi mdi 1^ phat trien nen kinh te san xuat h^ng hoa nhieu thanh phan c6 sir dinh hudng cua n h ^ nUdrc. • cAu H6I, B A I TAP cd BAN C a u 4 : C h i n h sach k i n h te mdri da dem lai nhfing ket qua to Idrn gi C a u 1 : T r i n h bay cac giai doan phat trien chinh cua chu nghia ivt oho dat nxidc ? ban gii?a hai C U Q C chien tranh the giofi (1918 - 1939). * Hudng ddn trd lai : * Huang ddn trd lai: - Cdc ng^nh kinh te difcfc'phuc hoi nhanh ch6ng. - Chien tranh the gidi thuT nhat ket thiic, cac nUdc tU ban to chijfc Hoi nghi - Dcfi song nhan dan duoc cai thien. Vec-xai (1919-1920) va Hoi nghi Oa-sinh-tdn de phan chia quyen loi. Trat tu - Da tao dieu kien de dSn den sU thanh lap Lien bang Cong hoa xa hoi chu Vec-Oa hinh thanh. nghia X6 viet 12 - 1922 - Mifdi nam sau chien tranh, cdc ni/dc iii ban phat t r i ^ n qua 2 giai doan : C a u 5 : G h i s\i k i ^ n lich sijf vao opt B cho phu htfp vofi thdi gian or cQt + Giai doan 1918 - 1923: Cac nifdc tuf ban (trir Mi) lam vao t r i n h trang A dufdi day : khung hoang k i n h te, chinh t r i , bieu hien d sif suy sup ve kinh te va cao trao A B each mang biing len manh me. 1. 3-1921 + Giai doan 1924 - 1929: Cac nude tiT ban budc v^o thdi k i on dinh ve 2. 12-1922 chinh t r i va dat mile tang trifdng ve kinh te. Nhiftig s\i phat trien khong dong deu giufa cac m/dc. 3. 1940 C a u 2 : Neu nhi^ng net noi b^t ciia cao trao each mang 1918 - 1923 d 4. 1926 - 1929 cac ni^dtc tvC ban c h a u Au. 5. 1928 - 1932 * Hudng ddn trd Idi : 6. 1933 - 1937 - NhiJng nam 1918 - 1923, mot phong trao each mang da bung nS d cac 7. 1936 nude tif ban. 8. 6-1941 - Nguyen nhdn : * Huang ddn trd Icti: + Do hau qua cua Chien tranh the gidi thuf nh§^t, chau Au la chien trUdng A B chinh, toan bo ganh nang cua chien tranh de len vai nhOCng ngUdi lao dong. 1. 3-1921 Oang Bon-se-vich thi/c hi§n chinh sach kinh tg' mfli. + Do anh hudng cua Cach mang thang Mudi Nga. 2. 12-1922 Lien bang Cong hoa xa hpi chu nghTa X6 vig't thanh lap. - Bqc diem noi bat cua phong trao : 3. 1940 Nang t6ng so 15 nt/flc gia nhSp Lien x4 + Mang t i n h quan chung rpng Idn. 4. 1926 -1929 Ti§'n hanh cong nghiep h6a. -I- Khong diftig lai d y§u sach kinh te. 5. 1928 - 1932 Ke hoach 5 n§m l^n thil nhat. -I- The hi$n tinh tieh cUe ve chinh t r i , t h ^ lap cac nUde Cong hok X6 viet. 6. 1933 - 1937 Ke hoach 5 nam Ian thCf hai. - NhCng nam 1924 - 1929, phong trao cong nhan tam thdi l^ng xuong. 7. 1936 San li/cfng cong nghiep difng dau chau Au. Tuy the cac cuoc dau tranh ddi cai thien dieu kien lam viec, che do tien 8. 6-1941 DiJc tan cong Lien X6. luong, ddi t u do dan chii vkn tiep d i l n . 130 131
+ D6'i v d i Du-c, I - t a - l i - a , N h a t B d n t i m kig'm 16'i t h o d t b ^ n g h i n h thilc Cau 3 : Q u a cac n ^ i dung hoat d$ng cua D a i hpi I I va D a i hpi V I I , l o n g t r i m d i . D6 Ik t h i e t lip cAc che do doc t ^ i p h 6 t x i t - n e n chuy§n c h i n h h a y nh^in x e t v a i tro c i i a Q u o c tg' C p n g s a n d o i v d i p h o n g t r a o e a c h l u n g b6' cong k h a i cua nhOng the lUc p h d n dpng n h a t , hieu chi§'n nha't. K h i m a n g the gidri. l u n g h i a p h d t x i t h i n h t h a n h nguy co chien t r a n h the g i d i m d i bung no. * Hudng ddn trd Idi : ijau 5 : M a t tr|ln n h a n d a n P h a p d a g i a n h djt^Tc t h ^ n g l^ti nhut the nao ? - D a i h o i I I (1920) giiir m o t v i t r i n o i bat trong lich suf hoat dong ciia Quoc \ ddn trd Idi : te Cpng sdn v
+ Do d n h h ud n g cua cdch m a n g t h d n g Mufdi Nga. C&u 4 : C a c nx^drc tuf b a n c h u n g h i a g i 4 i quyS't k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te - Dac d i i m n o i bat cua phong t r ^ o : 1929 - 1933 nhnf t h e n a o ? + M a n g t i n h quan chiing rong IcJn. * HiCdng ddn trd lai : + K h o n g dijfng l a i d yeu sdch k i n h te. + D6'i v d i A n h , Phdp, M i : t i e n h a n h cdi cdch k i n h te - xa h o i , d6i m d i qua + The hien t i n h tich circ ve chinh t r i , t h k n h lap cdc nirdrc Cong hok Xo viet. t r i n h quan l i , to chufe sari xuat. C a u 2 : H o a n c a n h r a dori v a q u a t r i n h hoat dpng c u a Q u o c te C p n g s a n . + Doi v d i Ddc, I - t a - l i - a , N h a t B a n t i m k i e m l o i thoat b k n g h i n h thiJc * Hucng ddn trd Idi : thS'ng t r i m d i . Do l a t h i e t lap cac che do doc t a i p h d t x i t - nen ehuy§n c h i n h - Hodn cdnh : k h u n g bo' cong k h a i cua nhiJng the luc phan dong n h a t , hieu chi§'n nhd't. + T r o n g n h a n g n a m 1918 - 1923, cic D^ng C6ng san Ian liTort difoc Cau 5 : T a i s a o Q u o c te C ^ n g s a n q u y e t d i n h t h a n h l a p M S t train t h a n h lap d cdc nUdc. pOian d a n c h o n g P h a t x i t of m 6 i ntfdtc? SIJT r a ddi ciia MSt tr$n N h a n + Su p h d t t r i e n n h a n h chong cua phong t r ^ o each m a n g the g i d i . dSn P h a p c 6 t a c d u n g n h i f t h e n a o d e n e a c h m a n g V i ^ t N a m ? • + Trudc t i n h d6, d5i h 6 i p h a i c6 mot to chuTc quoc te de tap hop life luong vk chi dao phong t r a o theo m p t dudng l o i diing d^n. * Hudng ddn trd lai : + Ddp l i n g y§u cau dd, t h d n g 3 nSm 1919, D a i h p i t h k n h lap Qu6c te - H a u qud cua cuoe k h u n g hodng k i n h te the gidi 1929 - 1933 v d sif xua't Cong sdn duoc t i e n h a n h t a i Mdt-xco-va. h i f n chu n g h i a p h d t x i t de doa sU on d i n h , h6a b i n h va an n i n h n h d n loai. - Hoat ddng : • - Yeu cau t h d n h lap mo t M a t t r a n N h a n dan de dodn k e t n h d n ddn ede + Quoc te Cong s^n t o n t a i vk hoat dong tii nkm 1919 den nkm 1943. nifdc chong ke t h u ehung Id chii nghia p h d t x i t Id edn t h i f i t . + Quoc tg" Cong san t i e n h a n h hky dai h o i , de r a dudng l o i cdch m a n g - Sif r a dori cua M a t t r a n N h a n dan Phdp (1936) c6 tac dung t i c h ciJc den phu hop v d i t i m g t h M k i phdt t r i e n cua cdch m a n g the g i d i . Tieu bieu Ik h a i cdch m a n g V i f t N a m v i : M d t t r a n c6 n h i l u c h i n h sdch t i e n bp thifc h i $ n d dai h o i : ode thuoc dia, t h d t u c h i n h t r i , t i f do h o i hop...tao dieu k i e n cho lire liTcrng * D a i h o i I a n I I (1920), t h d n g qua Lusln cUOng v l v a i t r 6 ciia D d n g cdch m a n g d nirdc t a phuc h 6 i sau t h d i k i b i thuc dan Phap k h i i n g bo'. Cong san, L u a n cuong ve van de dan toe vk thupc dia do L e - n i n k h d i thao. * D a i h 6 i Ian V I I (1935), chi ro nguy ccf cua chu n g h i a p h d t x i t va keu Bai 26 goi cAc dang eong san t h k n h IsLp m a t t r a n t h o n g n h a t nhkm dau t r a n h chong p ha t x i t , chong chien t r a n h . NtfCfC DLfC G I 0 A H A I C U Q C C H I E N T R A N H T H E GlCfl - N a m 1943, Quoc te COng san tuyen bo g i a i t d n . (1918 -1939) C f i u 3 : N g u y e n n h a n , d i l n b i e n c u a C U Q C k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h t&' I. C A U HOI, B A I T A P C d BAN 1929 - 1 9 3 3 . Cau 1 : E m c 6 n h ^ n x e t gi v e t i n h h i n h nvtdc Bvtc t r o n g n h O n g n S m * Hudng ddn trd Idi : 1918 - 1939 ? - Nguy in nhdn : * Huang ddn trd lai : + Do san xuat ko at, chay dua theo l a i nhuan, h k n g hok e thijfa, i l dong. - Sau ehi§'n t r a n h the g i d i t h d nha't, niTdc Ddc bai t r a n hodn todn suy sup + N h u cau va sure mua cua n g i f d i d i n k h o n g gia t a n g tUcfng iJng. v l k i n h te, c h i n h t r i va quan sir. M d u t h u d n xa h o i ngay cang gay gdt d d n t d i + Cung vifcft' qua xa cAu, sU m a t cfin b^ng ve k i n h te t r o n g n o i bp ttrng nude va sif p h d t t r i e n k h o n g d6ng deu giQa ckc nUdcity b a n c h u nghia. b i m g no cuoc cdch m a n g dan ehu tiT sdn t h d n g 11 - 1918. - Diin bien : - Thdng 6 - 1919, C h i n h phu Dure phai k i H6a iTde Vee-xai vdi nhOng d i l u + T h a n g 10 - 1929, k h u n g hodng n6 r a d M l , s a u d6 Ian r a toan bp t h e ki^n het sde ndng ne. Viec thire hign nhOttig dieu khodn cua H6a irdc Idm cho dat gidi t\i bdn. nude von da k i e t que sau bdn ndm chien t r a n h t r d nen hoan toan roi loan. + Day l a C U Q C k h u n g hodng thifa, k h u n g hodng t r d m t r o n g n h a t , k^o d a i - D l g i d i quyet nhufng k h o k h d n t r e n , Ddc n h a n h chong lao vdo con dudng n h a t t r o n g l i c h sijf cdc nude tiT b a n c h u nghia. ^phdt x i t hod bo mdy n h d nude de gdy ehi§'n t r a n h the gidi. 134 / ' . 135
C a u 2 : N e u n h i f n g d i e m n o i b $ t c u a t i n h h i n h ntfdc Dtfc t r o n g ;au 5 : L ^ p b a n g h # t h o n g k i e n thtfc v e c a c g i a i d o a n p h a t t r i e n c^a nhiTng n a m 1924 - 1929. tifdrc D i t c givta h a i c u p c e h i e n t r a n h t h e giori (1918 - 1929). * Hudng ddn trd lai : Hudng ddn trd Idi : - Cu6'i n a m 1923, nifdc Dure da vUort qua diTcfc thfifi k i k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h t e HUdc Dure \h e h i n h t r i sau ehien t r a n h . LTnh viic Nl/ficDtfc 1924 -1929 - Ve e h i n h t r i , ehg' do Cong h5a Vai-ma duoe cung co, quyen life eua g i d i t u 1918 - 1923 bdn doc quyen duoe t a n g eudng. C h i n h phii t u sdn t h i h a n h e h i n h sdch d a n Kinh t§' Hoan toan suy sgp Cudi nam 1923, nu6c Dtfc da \JilQ\. qua daoc thcfi ap phong t r a o dau t r a n h ciia cong n h a n . Cae ddng t u s a n cong k h a i tuyen kinh t§'. l
- Ve ddi ngoai : + T r o n g k h i g i d i dai tiT b ^ n ngay cang ting hp Iqc luong p h d t x i t , D a n g T a n g C L f d n g life lirgng quan su, thifc hien c h i n h sach doi ngoai hi§u chie'ii §ng san DiJc da keu goi quan chung dau t r a n h de t h a n h lap M a t t r a n t h o n g ciia c h i n h quyen H i t - l e do'i vdi chau A u the gidi: ba't chdng chu n g h i a p h a t x i t . Tuy n h i e n . D a n g Xa h o i dan chu da tir chdi + T h a n g 10 - 1933, niXdc DiJc tuyen bo r u t k h o i H o i Quoc l i d n de dirqc t q fp tac v d i nhufng ngifcfi cong san. Dieu do da tao dieu k i e n eho cac the luc do h & n h dong. lat x i t l e n cam quyen d DuTc. + N a m 1935, H i t - l e ban h a n h l e n h t6ng dong v i e n quan dich, tuy§n bo + Ngay 30 - 1 - 1933, Tdng t h d n g Hin-den-bua chi d i n h H i t - l e lam T h u t h ^ n h l a p d6i quan thufdng true b^t dau t r i e n k h a i cAc boat dong qufin sy fdng va thanh lap c h i n h phu m d i , m d r a mot t h d i k i den t d i t r o n g l i c h suf or chau Au. lifdc Ddc. + D e n n a m 1938, \6i doi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngifcri cung 30000 xe t a n g va I^ftu 3 : N e u nhx&ig net cof b a n ve midc Dutc t r o n g thofi k i p h a t x i t Hit-le k h o a n g 4000 may bay, midc Dufc da trof thanh m o t t r a i l i n h k h o n g 16, du siic |p!33-1939). t i e n h a n h cdc k§' hoaeh gay chien t r a n h x a m laac. Blading ddn trd Idi : I I . C A u H O I vA B A I T A P B O S U N G k. - Ttf n a m 1933, C h i n h phii H i t - l e rao r i e t t h i e t lap n e n chuyen c h i n h doc C a u 1 : K h a i q u a t v e c a o t r a o e a c h m a n g 1918 - 1923 d Drfc. tki, cong k h a i k h i i n g b d cac dang p h a i dan chu t i e n bo, trufdc het la D a n g * Huang ddn trd Idi : ' COng san Dufc. T h a n g 2 - 1933, c h i n h quyen p h a t x i t vu cao nhOng ngudi - Sau chien t r a n h , phong trao cdch m a n g tiep tuc dSng cao t r o n g nhftng c$ng san ddt chdy nha Qudc h o i , dat Dang Cong san r a ngoai phap luat va n a m 1919 - 1923. b^t giam 10 v a n dang v i e n cong san. N a m 1934, Hin-den-bua qua ddi, H i t - l e - D a n g Cong san DiJc ( t h a n h lap t h a n g 12 - 1918) da trUc tiep l a n h dao tuy§n b d huy bo H i e n phap Vai-ma, t q xutog la Qudc t r q d n g sudt ddi. N e n phong trao. D i n h cao eua phong trao l a cuoc n o i day cua cong n h a n vung c§ng hoa V a i - m a hoan t o a n sup do. Ba-vi-e t h a n g 4 - 1919, ddn den sq t h a n h lap nirdc Cong hoa X6 v i e t Ba-vi-e. \ k i n h te, c h i n h quyen phat x i t t i e n hanh to chufc n I n k i n h te theo - Cuoc khdi n g h i a vQ t r a n g ciia cong n h a n Ham-buoc t h a n g 10 - 1923 la g tap t r u n g , m e n h l e n h , phuc vu l A u cau quan sq. Thang 7 - 1933, H i t - a m hifofng cuoi eimg cua can bao tap each m a n g v6 san d Diic. if^ t h a n h lap T d n g H o i dong k i n h te de dieu hanh hoat ddng ciia cac n g a n h C a u 2 : D a n g Q u o c x a l e n c a m q u y e n of Dtfc t r o n g h o a n c a n h n a o ? ^ h te. c a c n g a n h cong ngiep d^n dan duqc phuc hoi va boat dong het sufc T i n h h i n h nvldc Dulc t r o n g t h d i k i D a n g Q u o c x a c a m q u y e n . t n r o n g , dac b i e t l a cong nghiep quan sq. Cac n g a n h giao t h o n g v a n t a i , * Huang ddn trd Idi : dqng dirdng sa difoc tang cifdng de giai quyet n a n thfi't nghiep va phuc vu - Hodn cdnh M cAu quan sq. N e n k i n h te Dufc da t h o a t k h o i k h i i n g hoang. N a m 1938, + Cuoc k h u n g hodng k i n h te the gidi eudi n a m 1929 da giang dbn nang g san luang cong nghiep t a n g 28% so v d i trifdc k h i i n g k h o a n g va virqt qua ne vao n i n k i n h te DiJc. Nam 1932, san xuat cong nghiep g i a m 4 7 % so vdi it sd niidc tu b a n chau A u . trudc k h u n g hoang. Hang ngan nha may, x i nghiep p h a i ddng cufa. So ngUdi * ddi ngoai, c h i n h quyen H i t - l e t a n g cifdng cAc hoat dong chuan b i that nghiep l e n t d i h o n 5 t r i e u ngirdi. MSu t h u a n xa hpi va cupc dau t r a n h 'n t r a n h . T h a n g 10 - 1933, niidc Dufc tuygn b d r i i t k h o i H o i Qudc l i e n de cua quan chiing lao dong da dan t d i cuoc k h u n g hoang c h i n h t r i t r a m t r o n g . t U do h a n h dong. Nam 1935, H i t - l e ban h a n h l e n h t d n g dpng v i e n quan + G i a i cap tq san cam quyen k h o n g du sufc m a n h de duy t r i che do cong , tuyen b d t h a n h lap doi quan thifdng trqc va hAt ddu t r i l n k h a i cac hoat hoa t i f san, dua da't nxidc vufqt qua cuoc k h u n g hoang do. T r o n g bdi canh do. g quan sq d chau Au. Deri nam 1938, v d i doi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngirdi cung D a n g Qu5c xa l e n cam quyen d Dufc. |000 xe t a n g v a k h o a n g 4000 may bay, niTdc Dufc da t r d t h a n h m o t t r a i l i n h • Tinh hinh nuac BUc : Idng 16, d i i siic t i e n hanh cac k d hoach gay chien t r a n h x a m luqc. + D a n g Quoc xa ngay ckng m d rong anh hudng t r o n g q u i n chiing. Cac thu l i n h ciia dang nay, dilng dau la Hit-le, r a sufc tuyen truyen k i c h dong chu nghia phuc t h i i , chu nghia chdng c6ng va phan biet chiing toe. Chiing chu truong phat x i t hoa bO mdy nha niidc, thig't lap che dp do dpc tai k h u n g bd cong k h a i . 139 138
Bai27 QSiU 4 : V i s a o k i n h te MT b u n g p h a t t r o n g t h ^ p n i e n 20 c u a t h e k i X X ? Nl/(3C M i GIGA HAI C U O C C H I E N T R A N H THfi' G l d l * ffUorrig ddn trd Idi : (1918 -1939) . Nifdc M l CO dieu k i e n t y nhiSn t h u a n I g i , giau t a i nguyen. - M l k h o n g b i a n h hifdng ciia Chien t r a n h t h e g i d i Ifin thdr nha't ma ngiroc I. C A U H6I, B A I T A P cd BAN lai g i a n h dugc dtfoc n h i e u nguon l o i t r o n g Chien t r a n h t h e g i d i thuf n h a t do C a u 1 : H a y n e u n h | i n x e t v e n e n k i n h te M i t r o n g n h i y n g n a m 20 c i i ^ bkn h a n g hoa, vu k h i . the k i X I X . - Sau C h i e n t r a n h t h e g i d i t h d n h a t M i c6 c6 UU t h e l a nudc t h ^ n g t r a n , * Hucing ddn trd lai : t h a n h chu nor cua chau A u . - Sau C h i e n t r a n h t h e gidi t h i l n h a t , M i t r d t h ^ n h n\idc t\S b a n gikn manh . M l sdm ap dung t h a n h tiTu khoa hoc - k i t h u a t vao t r o n g san xua't. n h a t . Cung v d i I g i t h e do, viec cai t i e n k i t h u a t , thuc h i ^ n phitcfng phdp san - M i b i e t sijf dung phifomg phap quan l i san xuat t i e n t i e n , m d r p n g quy mo xuat day chuyen v a m d r 6 n g quy mo san xuat da dita n e n k i n h t e M i bifdc vao chuyen m o n hod t r o n g san xua't. t h d i k i p h o n v i n h t r o n g t h a p n i e n 20 cua t h e k i X X . Cfiu 5 : N h f i n g d i e m cot b a n t r o n g c h i n h s a c h t h o a t k h o i k h u n g - Mac du dat mure tSng tru&ng cao nhiftig sir phat t r i e n k i n h te chay theo lai hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933) c u a M i l a gi ? nhuan, theo cong nghiep \,\S do t h a i qua da diTa den siT phat t r i ^ n khong dong bo * Hudng ddn trd lai : giOfa cac nganh cong nghiep, giOfa cong nghi$p v d i nong nghiep, v ^ n o i chung, - De dijfa nifdc M i thoat r a k h o i cuoc k h u n g hoang, Tdng t h o n g P h . Ru-do- khong CO ke hoach d k i h a n cho sir can doi giufa san xuat vk tieu dung. v^n da thufc h i e n c h i n h sach mdi. C h i n h sach m d i da giai quyet du'cfc m o t sd C a u 2: V i s a o p h o n g t r a o c o n g n h a n v S n d i l n r a n g a y t r o n g thcfi k i vifti de cot b a n cua nifdc M i t r o n g con k h i i n g hoang nguy k i c h . N h a mfdc t\X san p h o n v i n h c u a k i n h te M i ? da tang ciidng v a i t r o cua m i n h t r o n g viec cilu t r d ngifcfi t h a t nghiep, tao t h e m * Hudng ddn trd Idi: nhieu viec l a m m d i , k h o i phuc san xuat, xoa diu mau t h u d n g i a i cap va gop - T r o n g thdi k i phon v i n h cua k i n h te M i , cong n h a n v i n p h a i doi m a t vdi p h ^ l a m cho nifdc M i duy t r i difoc che dp dan chu t u san. C h i n h v i the', P h . n a n t h a t nghiep, b a t cong t r o n g x a h o i . RU-dcf-ven l a Tdng t h o n g duy n h a t t r o n g l i c h sic nifdc M i sudt bdn n h i e m k i . - D d i song cua ngiTori lao dong n 6 i chung v ^ cong n h a n n 6 i r i e n g ng^y c^ng - Ve doi ngoai, C h i n h p h u Ru-do-ven de r a Chinh sach Idng gieng thdn g i a m Slit. thien n h a m cai t h i e n quan he v d i cac nifdc M i L a - t i n h , v o n diTpc M i coi l a - Phong t r ^ o dau t r a n h ciia cong n h a n d i l n r a soi n o i t r o n g c a c nganh "sfin sau" ciia m i n h , v a t h i e t lap ngoai giao v d i L i e n x6. c6ng nghi(?p t h a n , l u y § n thep, v a n t a i dufdng sAt... T h a n g 5 - 1921, Dang - D o i v d i cac va'n de qudc t e , trifdc nguy co ciia chu n g h i a p h a t x i t va chien C6ng sAn M i difcrc t h ^ n h l $ p t r e n ca sd hop n h a t D a n g Cong san c6ng nhan Ml D a n g Cong sAn M i r a dW triTdc d6 (1919), d d n h dau budc pMt trien f ah bao t r i i m t o a n t h e g i d i , Qudc h o i M i da t h o n g qua h a n g loat dao luat giOf v a i t r o t r u n g lap t r o n g cAc cuoc xung dot quan sir ben ngoai nifdc M i . Chinh sach do da gop p h a n khuyen k h i c h chu n g h i a p h a t x i t t i f do h a n h cua phong t r ^ o cong n h a n M i . ^ng, gay r a cuoc chien t r a n h t h e gidi thu" h a i . C a u 3 : NOi d u n g c h u y e u c u a " C h i n h s a c h l a n g g i e n g t h a n t h i f n " c u a Mi * Hufiig ddn trd lai : C A U H O I vA B A I T A P B O S U N G - " C h i n h sdch M n g gieng t h a n t h i $ n " cua Tdng t h o n g M i Ru-dcr-ven n h ^ m i u 1 : H a y n § u t o m t a t t i n h h i n h k i n h te v a c h i n h t r i , x a h p i c u a M i cai t h i e n quan he v d i c a c nifdc M i L a - t i n h , v o n dxiac M i coi l a "san sau" ciia fong n h t f n g n S m 1918 - 1923. R u t r a n h ^ n x e t c h u n g v e ntfdfc M i m i n h v a t h i e t l a p quan he ngoai giao v d i L i e n X6. tifong thoTi k i n a y . - Doi v d i c a c niTdc M i L a - t i n h : Tir n a m 1934, Ch|nh ghu Ru-do-ven c h f o i d u t ludng ddn trd Idi ; • cuoc can t h i ^ p vu t r a n g , t i e n h k n h thiTcfng liicmg, htm h e n trao t r a doc lap, nhkiu I- Kinh ti: xoa diu cuoc dau t r a n h chong M i va cung co v i t r i cua M i d k h u viTc nay. + Chien t r a n h t h e g i d i t h d nha't da d e m l a i "nhCfng co h o i vang" cho - D o i v d i L i e n X 6 : TCr n a m 1933 C h i n h p h u Ru-dcf-ven da c h i n h thiJc cor 'iUfdc M i . V d i n i n k i n h te dat miic t a n g t r i f d n g cao t r o n g sudt nhCfng nftm n h a n v a thig't l $ p quan h? ngoai giao v d i L i e n X6. Viec l a m nay xua't phat t • |n.g va sau chidn t r a n h . M i t r d t h a n h nifdc t i f b a n giau m a n h n h a t . nhumg Icfi i c h cua M i . T r e n thifc t e , c h i n h quyen Ru-da-ven vSn k h o n g tii ho + Cung v d i l o i t h e do, viec cai t i e n k i t h u a t , thifc h i e n phifOng phap san l^p t r i r d n g chong cong san. fe day c h u y i n v a m d r o n g quy mo san xua't da difa n e n k i n h te M i biidc vao | i k i phon v i n h t r o n g t h a p n i e n 20 cua t h e k i X X . 140 141
- De diTa nUdrc M l thoat khoi khung hoang nSm 1932, Ru-da-ven ddc cur + Su phdt t r i f o kinh t§' chay theo Igi nhuan, theo cong nghiSp tif do th;i T6ng thong, da thUc hien Chinh sdch mdi. qua da dua den sU phat trien khong dong bp giffa cdc nganh cong nghieji giOa cong nghiep v
+ M u a t h u 1 9 1 8 , quan chung n h a n dan n6'i day d d n h p h a qAc k h o th6c, - TCr n a m 1929, n h i f n g cuoc bai cong cua cong n h a n d a bung n d d nhuTng m d dau cuoc "Bao dong liia gao". k h u cong nghiep l
nam 30 cua the k i XX do c6 nhutng mau thuan giOfa phai "sT quan tre" vdi C a u 3 : D e t h o a t k h o i C U Q C k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te 1929 - 1933 M i v a phai "si quan gia". Cupc dau tranh d i l n ra quyet kiSt, cuo'i cung phai "si quan N h a t B a n g i a i q u y e t k h a c n h a u nhv( the n a o ? tre" tha't bai. ; * Hudng ddn trd led : - TCr nam 1937, gidi cam quyen Nhat da cham duTt cuoc da'u tranh noi bo, - Mi giai quye't khiing hoang bang cai each kinh te, xa hoi, thiTc hien tap trung vao qua t r i n h quan phiet hoa bo may nha nxidc. Chinh sdch mdi cua Ru-dcf-ven : bao gom cac bien phap nhkm giai quyet nan - Cung vdri viec quan phiet h6a bp may nhk nifdc, tang cu£fng chpy dua vu trang, that nghiep, nong nghiep va ngfin hang vdi nhOfng qui dinh chat che, dat gidi cam quyen Nhat Ban day manh cuoc chi§n tranh xam. lucre Trung Quoc. dudi sir kiem soat cua Nha nUdc. Nha nude tang cifdng vai tro trong vi§c cai i6 he thong ngan hang, to chdc lai san xuSt, ciJu trcf ngudi tha't nghiep, tao I I . C A U H O I VA B A I T A P BO SUNG them nhieu vi§c lam mdi va on dinh tinh hinh xa hpi. C a u 1 : Nhffng bieu h i ^ n ve stf on dinh tam thdi ciia Nhgt B a n trong - Nhat gidi quyet khung hoang b&ng each tang cudng chinh sdch qudn sU I Ada ddt nude, phat xit hoa bd may thong tri, gay chien tranh, banh trirdng ra nhijtng nSm 1924 - 1929. i'b§n ngoai. * Hudng ddn trd Idi : C a u 4 : V i sao gidi cam quyen Nhsit B a n chon T r u n g Qu6c \k diem - Ve kinh ti : den dau tien trong chinh sach xam Itfofc cua minh vao th^p nien 20 + Nam 1926, san lufcfng cong nghiep mdi phuc h6i t r d lai va vucrt miJc cua the k i X X ? trirdc chien tranh. NhiAig chiTa day mot nam sau, mua xuan 1927, cupc khung * Hudng ddn trd lai : hoang tai chinh lai bung no d thii do T6-ki-6 lam 30 ngan hang pha sdn. «, - Nham thirc h i ^ n tham vong md ra pham v i anh hudng cua d§' quoc Nhat + Nen cong nghiSp chu yeu difa v^o xuat khau cua Nhat ngay cang gap P viing Dong B^c A, mot vCmg c6 y nghla chig'n luac. khd khan trong viec canh tranh vdi M l va cac niTdc Tay Au. - Dap iJng yeu cau cua Nhat v^ viec thieu nguyen lieu va thi trUdng tieu - Ve chinh tri : thu hang hda - thi trUdng Trung Quoc rpng Idn lu6n lu6n la doi tUcfng ma + NhQng nam dau thap nien 20 cua the k i XX, Chinh phu Nhat da t h i at mud'n chiem giff tii iSu, dat biet la vung D6ng B^c. hknh mpt so cai each chinh t r i (nhu ban hanh luat bau cijf pho thong cho nam gidi, cAt giam ngan sach quoc phbng...) va giam bdt cang thang trong quan he vdi cac cUdng quoc ben ngoai. + Trong nhutog nam cuoi th^p nien 20, Chinh phu cua Tudng Ta-na-ca da thifc hien chinh sach ddi noi va doi ngoai hig'u chien. C a u 2 : Trong thaip nien 20 cua thS' k i XX, k i n h te MI va Nh^t B a n c6 diem gi gidng nhau va khac nhau ? * Hudng ddn trd lai : - Gid'ng nhau : Cung la nUdc th^ng trSn, thu difdc n h i l u lofi, khong bi mS't mat gi nhieu trong chiSn tranh. * - Khdc nhau : ^ + Kinh td' M i phat t r i l n ciTc ky nhanh chong do cai tien k i thuat, thuc hien phuong phap san xuat day chuyen, tang cudng toe dp boc Ipt cong nhan. + d Nhat phat t r i l n khong deu, mS't can doi (trong v6ng mfiy nSm dAu) roi lai lam vao khung hodng, cong nghiep khong c6 svt cai thi$n, n6ng nghiep t r i tr$ lac hau, kinh te phat trien chsim chap, bap bSnh. 147 146
+ Trong nhOng nftm 1926 - 1927, DAng Cong ska. hcJp t i c vdi Qu6c dfin Chutfng IX dang da ti§n hanh cuoc chien tranh cdch mang nhkm danh do cdc tap doan C A C N l / d C C H A U A G I O A H A I C U Q C C H I E N T R A N H T H E GICJI qu^n phiet B^c Duong, dang chia nhau thd'ng t r i cdc viing khdc nhau d mien B^c Trung Quoc (trong lich sijf thudng gpi la Chien tranh Bic phat). (1918-1939) + Quan cdch mang, da giai ph6ng vung dat rong Idn, chiem cAc thanh Bai29 pho Nam K i n h , ThUOng Hai. Sau d6, TUotng Gidi Thach tien hanh cuoc chinh bien 6 Thuong Hai, roi thanh lap chinh phu tai Nam Kinh. D§n t h ^ g 7 - 1927, PHONG TRAO CACH MANG 6 TRUNG QUOC VA AN DO chinh quyen rOi vko tay TiTcfng Giofi Thach. Cuoc chien tranh B^c phat that bai. (1918 -1939 - Cuoc Ngi chien Qudc - Cong : I. C A U H6I, B A I T A P cd BAN + Sau Chien tranh B^c phat, quin chiing each mang dudi sir lanh dao C a u 1 : Txi cac k h a u h i ^ u dS'u tranh neu trong bai, em thay phong cua Dang Cong san Trung Quoc da tien h^nh cuoc chien dau chong Chinh trao Ngu tvL c6 diem gi mdi so vdi cac phong trao dau tranh niita sau phu Qudc dan dang, diTOc goi la Noi chien Qudc - COng, d i i n ra trong nhufng the' k i X I X d T r u n g Quoc ? nam 1927 - 1937. * Hiidng d&n trd Icfi : + Quan dpi Tirdng Gidi Thach da t6 chiJc bdn Ian vSy qu6t Idn nh^m tieu - Cac khau hieu dau tranh trong phong trao Ngu tur : "Trung Quoc cua diet can cu" dia each mang ciia Dang Cong san, nhiTng deu bi that bai. ngir&i Trung Qu6c", "Xod bo 21 dieu" (1^ hiep u6c cAc nUdc de quoc dua ra, + De bao to^n life lirong, thdng 10 -1934 Hong quan eong ndng phai nhkm xau xe Trung Quoc), "Giet het bon ban nudc"... tidn hanh cuoe pha vfiy, rut khoi can eii dia edeh mang, tidn len phia b^c, - Cac khau hieu dau tranh do the hien phong tr^o mang tinh dan t6c vk dka trong lich suf goi la cuoc Van li trUdng chinh. Tren dirdng trirdng chinh, tai chu rat cao, tiirc la phong trao chong de quoc va phong kien ducfc the hien ro net. Hoi nghi Tuan Nghia (thdng 1 - 1935), Mao Trach Dong t r d thanh ngufW - Cdc phong trao dau tranh nijfa sau the k i XIX d Trung Quoc chi de ra lanh dao Dang Cong skn Trung Qudc. muc tieu da'u tranh chong phong kien ma khong dung cham gi den de quoc. + Thang 7 - 1937, Nhat xam liTOc Trung Qudc, Dang Cong s&a. de nghi C a u 2 : Dang Cpng san T r u n g Quoc difoTc thanh l$p nhtf the nao ? Y Qudc dan dang dinh chi noi chien de chdng Nhat. nghia cua svi k i ^ n nay. * Hudng d&n trd lai : C a u 4 : Neu nhihig d i l n bien chinh cua phong trao each mang d An • Dang Cong sdn Trung Quoc th^nh lap : Dp sau C h i e n t r a n h the gidi thiif nhat. + TCf sau phong tr^o Ngu tuf, viec truyen bd chu nghia Mac - Le-nin vko * Hiidng d&n trd Idi : Trung Quoc phdt trien nhanh ch6ng, siu rong. - Sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf nhat, ehinh quyen thirc dan tang cUdng b6c + Tang l(Sp t r i thuTc tien bo, tieu bieu la L i Dai Chau da tich cue tuygn lot thuoe dia, ban hanh nhiJng dao luat phan dong nh^ra ciing cd bo may truyen, pho bien chu nghia Mac - Le-nin vao Trung Quoc, tao dieu kien cho thdng t r i ciia minh, da lam cho nhutng mau thuSn xa hpi ngay cang eang sir thanh lap Dang Cong san. th^ng. Mpt lan s6ng dau tranh chdng thire dan Anh dang cao kh^p A n Do + Nam 1920, mot so nhom cgng san da ra dcfi vdi sir giiip dd cua Quoc te trong nhufng nam 1918 - 1922. Cpng san. - Phong trao da'u tranh d i l n ra diTdi n h i l u hinh thufc phong phii, loi eudn + Thdng 7 - 1921, Ddng Cong san Trung Quoc dirac thanh lap. ddng dao ckc tang Idp ndng dan, eong nhan va t h i dan tham gia. Giuf vai trb - Y nghia : . ' lanh dao phong trao la Dang Qudc dai, dufng dau la M . Gan-di. Ong keu goi + BAnh dau biTdc ngoSt quan trong cua each m a n ! Trung Quoc. dau tranh chdng chu nghia thuc dan bkng cac bien phap h6a binh. Phong + Tijf day, giai cap v6 san Trung Quoc da c6 chinh dang cua minh de tiTng trao ba't bao dong, bat hap tkc do M. Gan-di va Dang Qudc dai lanh dao, diTOc birdc ndm ngon c& lanh dao cdch mang. ckc tang Idp nhan dan An Do hirdng ling.' C a u 3 : Neu d i l n bien chinh cua each mang T r u n g Qudc nhiMg nSm 1926-1937. - Thang 12 - 1925, Dang Cong san An DO dirae thanh lap, g6p phdn thuc * Hudng d&n trd Idi : day phong trao dfiu tranh chdng thUc dan Anh d i i n ra manh me. - Chien tranh Bdc phat : 149 148
C S u 5 : N p i d u n g c h u y&'u c u a p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h 6 n g d a n t Q C d A n I I . cAu H6I V A BAI T A P B O SUNG D p v a o n h u ^ g n a m 30 c u a the k i X I X . C a u 1 : D i i n b i e n v a y n g h i a c u a p h o n g t r a o N g u tuf of T r u n g Q u o c . * Hudng ddn trd Idi : * Hudng ddn trd Idi : - NhOng hau qua n a n g ne cua cu6c k h i i n g hoang k i n h te the gidi (1929 - Diin bien : - 1933) da l a m b u n g l e n I a n s
Tif 1927 dg'n 1937 D5ng COng san Trung QuS'c lanh dao nhSn dSn tien hanh cuoc Bai 30 chien dau chong Chinh phu Qudc dSn dang, goi la Npi chien C A C NlS6c DONG NAM A Quoc - Cong. G I 0 A H A I C U O C C H I E N T R A N H T H E G I O H (1918 - 1 9 3 9 ) Thang 10-1934 Hong quan cong nong tien hanh cuoc Vgn If trucJng chinh. JhAng 1 - 1 9 3 5 Mao Trgch Dong tr6 thanh ngudi lanh dao cua Dang Gong san i. cAu H6I, B A I T A P c d B A N Trung Quoc. C a u 1 : H a y n e u nhuTng c h u y e n b i e n c h i i y e u c i i a c a c nxidc Dong Thang 7 - 1 9 3 7 Quan phi^t Nhat phat dong cuoc chien tranh xam lucJc Trung N a m A t r o n g nhffng th^tp n i e n d a u the k i X X . Quoc. Trung Quoc bi/6c vao thcJi kl chonq Nhat. * Hudng ddn trd Idi : C a u 3 : N e u torn t a t p h o n g t r a o d a n tpc of A n D p q u a h a i t h d i k i - Sau C h i e n t r a n h the gidi thiJ n h a t , c h i n h sdch k h a i thac va hoc lot thupc 1918 - 1929 v a 1929 - 1939 theo b a n g t h o n g k e diidi d a y : dia cua thiTc dan phLforng Tay da tdc dong m a n h me den t i n h h i n h cac nude D6ng N a m A. NhOmg chuyen bien quan t r o n g ve k i n h te, c h i n h t r i , xa hoi da Thofj gian N6i dung sU ki^n d i i n r a d hau kh^p cac nifdc t r o n g k h u vifc. 1918-1929 + V I k i n h t e : T r d t h a n h thi trucfng t i e u t h u h a n g hoa, cung cap nguyen 1929 - 1939 li$u oho cdc nUdc c h i n h quoc. + Ve c h i n h t r i : B i c h i n h quyen thUc dan k h o n g che. Cac quyen h a n h * Huang d&n trd lai: n ^ m t r o n g tay c h i n h quyen thUc dan. Thdii gian Ndi dung si/ kifn + Ve x a h o i : P h a n hoa giai cap ngay cang sau s^c. G i a i cap t i f san dan 1918 - 1929 - Phong trao dau tranh dien ra di/fii nhieu hinh thCfc phong phu, tOc Idn m a n h , g i a i cap n o n g dSn chiem da sS", gia cap c6ng n h a n dan dan loi cu6'n dong dao cac ting I6p nong dan, c6ng nhSn va thj d§n trifdng t h ^ n h . tham gia. Gidf vai tro lanh dao phong trao la Dang Quoc dai, - Cung v d i nhiJng c h u y i n bien t r o n g niTdc, th^ng Icfi cua Cach m a n g t h d n g dilng dau la M. Gan-di. La lanh tg c6 uy tin !6n, M. Gan-di c6 Mucfi Nga vk cao t r k o cdch mang the gidi da tac dpng m a n h m e den phong M\g sSu rong doi v6i nhan dan An DO. Ong keu ggi dau 0 doc lap d a n toe d D o n g N a m A. tranh chfi'ng chu nghTa thgc dan b^ng cac bi?n phap hoa blnh, S u 2 : P h o n g t r a o d a n tpc or D o n g N a m A gifia h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h khong sif dyng bao Igc (nhu bieu tlnh hoa binh, bai cSng the bgidfi cac (1919 - 1939) c 6 nhtfug d i e m gi mdti ? nha may, c6ng s6, bai khoa 6 cac tri/cJng hpc, tSy chay h^ng Huang ddn trd lai : hoa Anh, khQng nop thue...). • Hodn cdnh lich siJC mdi : - Phong tr^o ba't b^o dong, ba't hpp tac do M. Gan-di va Dang + Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thuf n h a t , c h i n h sach k h a i thdc boc \qt Qu6c d^i lanh dgo, dagc c^c tang I6p nhan d§n An Dp hi/6ng ifng. uoc dia cua thifc dan phiTcfng Tay da tdc dong m a n h m e den t i n h h i n h cac urdc Dong N a m A . NhOfng chuyen bien quan t r o n g ve k i n h te, c h i n h t r i , xa 1929 - 1939 - NhBng hSu qu^ nSng ng cua cuoc khung hodng kinh t§' the gifli Qi da d i i n r a 6 h a n k h a p cac niidc t r o n g k h u vifc. (1929 - 1933) da lam bung len Ian song dau trang m6i cua + Cung v d i nhOfng chuyen bien t r o n g nifdc, t h i n g lori cua Cach mang nhan dSn An DO. Phong trao keo dai trong suot nhSng nam 30 ^kng M u d i N g a v ^ cao t r a o cdch mang the gidi da tac dong m a n h me den thong qua cac chien djch bat hop tac v6i thgc dan Anh, do M. hong t r a o doc lap dan toe d Dong N a m A . Gan-di va Dang Qu6'c dai kh6i xadng. . - Phong trao dau tranh mdi : - Thang 9 -1939, Chien tranh thg,|icii M hai bung no. Chinh + Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thiif n h a t , phong trao doc Ikp dan toe phat quy^n Anh tuyen chien 6 chau Au v^ tuyen b5' An Do la mot ben t r i e n d hau kh^p cac nude Dong N a m A . So v d i nhOng n a m dau the k i XX, tham chi§'n. Phong trao c^ch mgng 6 An DO chuyen sang mOt phong t r ^ o d a n toe t u san c6 nhOfng bude t i e n r o r e t cung v d i sif Idn m a n h thcJi ki mOi. cua g i a i cap t u skn dan toe. + Muc tieu dau t r a n h dan toe duofe de xuat ro rang : dbi quyen tU chu vfe chinh t r i , quyen tU do trong k i n h doanh, quyen dung tieng me de trong giao due... 152 153
+ M o t so c h i n h d^ng tir san dtfcrc t h & n h lap va c6 ^ n h hirdng xa h o i rong - Cu5'i thap ni§n 30, truTdfc nguy cor cua chii nghia phat x i t , nhOng ngudi 16n nhtf D a n g D a n toe In-do-ne-xi-a, to chiJc phong trao T h a - k i n d M i e n cOng san da k e t hop v d i D a n g In-do-ne-xi-a, t h a n h lap M a t trkn t h o n g n h a t D i e n , D a i h o i toan M a Lai... chd'ng p h a t x i t v d i t e n goi L i e n m i n h c h i n h t r i In-do-ne-xi-a. + Tii t h a p n i e n 20, giai cap v6 san t r e tudi or D o n g N a m A h&t dau C a u 5 : N e u nhiXng d i d n b i e n c h i n h c i i a p h o n g t r a o e a c h m a n g of L a o trifcrng t h a n h . H a n g loat cac Dang Cong san difcfe t h a n h lap, m d dau l a Dang va C a m - p u - c h i a t r o n g t h d i g i a n giula h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h t h e g i d i . Cong san In-do-ne-xi-a ( t h ^ n g 5 - 1920). Tiep theo, t r o n g nftm 1930, cae * Hudng ddn trd Idi : dang cong sdn M n luTcft r a d&i cf V i § t n a m , M a L a i , X i e m va P h i - l i p - p i n . - Sau Chien t r a n h thg' g i d i t h d n h a t , thirc dan Phap t a n g cifdng c h i n h sdeh C a u 3 : B i ^ n p h a p d a u t r a n h c u a D a n g D a n t p c c 6 d i e m gi k h a c so I d i a i thac thuoc dia d Lao va Cam-pu-ehia, nen n h a n Lao va Cam-pu-chia vdfi D a n g C p n g s a n I n - d o - n e - x i - a . dumg l e n dau t r a n h cho'ng Phap. * Huang ddn trd Idi : + O Lao, cuoc k h d i n g h i a ciia Ong Keo va Com-rna-dam d i l n r a t r o n g - D a n g Cong san cf In-do-ne-xi-a su dung bien phap dau t r a n h cho'ng chii hon 30 n a m dau thg' k i XX. Cuoc k h d i nghia ciia ngudi Meo do Chau Pa-ehay n g h i a de quoc hhng k h d i nghia vu t r a n g . l a n h dao keo dai t r o n g nhiJng n a m 1918 - 1922 d Bae Lao va Tay Biie V i e t Nam. - D a n g D a n toe dau t r a n h cho'ng chii n g h i a de quoc b^ng cdeh doan k e t cac luc ItfOng dan toe, t i e n h a n h dau t r a n h g i ^ n h doc lap b k n g bien ph4p hoa -I- 0 Cam-pu-chia, t i e u b i l u la cuoc da'u t r a n h ciia n o n g dan thuoc huyen b i n h va bang p h o n g t r a o b a t hop tac v d i c h i n h quj'en thifc dan. B i e n phap R6-l§-phan d Cong-pong Cho-nSng. dfi'u t r a n h ciia D a n g D a n toe d In-do-ne-xi-a phii hop v d i hoan eanh l i c h suf va |, - Ttr n a m 1930, sir r a ddi eua D a n g Cong skn Viet N a m (tiT thang dieu k i e n cu t h e ciia I n - d o - n e - x i - a n e n d a n h a n h ehong g i a n h difoc uy t i n 10 - 1930 l a D a n g Cong san Ddng Difcfng) da m d r a t h d i k i m d i ciia phong c h i n h t r i v ^ t r d t h a n h lUc lucfng d i n d^t phong t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n toe d trao each m a n g d Lao va Cam-pu-chia. In-do-ne-xi-a. - T r o n g n h i i n g n a m 1936 - 1939, phong t r a o M a t t r a n D a n chii Dong C a u 4 : N e u nhuing d i e n b i e n c h i n h c u a p h o n g t r a o dpc l $ p d a n tpc d Duong da t a p hcfp dong dao cac t d n g Idp n h a n dan vao cupc dau t r a n h cho'ng I n - d o - n e - x i - a giiJa h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h t h e gidfi. Ibpn p h a n dong thuoc dia, chd'ng p h a t x i t va chdng chien t r a n h . T r o n g dieu * Huang ddn trd lai : kif n do, m o t so' ccr sd each m a n g ciia D d n g da dqpe xay dung va ciing co d cac thanh pho' I d n n h u V i e n g Chan, P h n o m Penh. Cuoc v a n dong dan chu D o n g - Sau Chien t r a n h t h e gidi thiJ nhl't, s u phat t r i e n eua phong trao cong DiTcrng da k i e h thich sir phat t r i e n eua phong t r a o da'u t r a n h d a n chii d Lao n h ^ n va viee t r u y e n bd chii nghia Nf^c-Le n i n vao I n - d o - n ^ - x i - a d a d d n tdi Cam-pu-ehia cho den k h i Chien t r a n h t h e gidi thu" h a i bung n6. viec t h a n h l a p D a n g Cong s a n In-do-n^-xi-a vao t h d n g 5 - 1920. cau 6 : P h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n tpc d M a L a i v a M i e n D i ^ n d i d n - D a n g Cong san d a l a n h dao cuSc k h d i nghia v u t r a n g d G i a - v a va X u - m a - ra nhtf t h e n a o ? t o - r a t r o n g nhiJng n a m 1926 - 1927. Cuoc k h d i n g h i a thd't b a i nhuCng da l a m * Hudng ddn trd Idi : ' r u n g ehuyen n e n t h o n g t r i ciia thiTC d a n Lan 6 In-do-ne-xi-a. - d Md Lai: - Tir n a m 1927, sau tha't bai ciia D a n g Cong san, quy^n l a n h dao phong + Tir dau t h e k i X X phong t r a o da'u t r a n h ehong thiTc dan A n h da l a n trao each m a n g chuyen vao tay D a n g D a n toe ciia g i a i cap tir san, dufng dau rOng t r e n k h ^ p ban dao M a L a i . A c h dp buTc bdc l o t n a n g ne cua chii n g h i a l a Ac-m6t-xu-cae-n6. V d i chu trUotng doan k e t cAc luc lugng dan toe, ehong de ;hire dan, ganh n a n g no n a n ehong cha't da lam biing no nhuCng cuoc da'u qud'c, da'u t r a n h b l i n g con difdng h6a b i n h , b ^ n g phong t r a o bat hop tac v d i •ranh eua n o n g dan ngufdi M a L a i ban dia va ngirdi M a L a i goe Hoa, goc An. c h i n h quyen thiTc dan. D a n g D a n . t o e da n h a n h ehong t r d t h a n h lufc lufong Jiai ca'p tir san dan toe t h o n g qua to chute D a i hoi toan Ma L a i da l e n ti§'ng dan d a t p h o n g t r a o g i a i phong dan toe d I n - d o - n e - x i - a . la'u t r a n h doi dung t i e n g M a L a i t r o n g nha t r u d n g , ddi thiTc h i $ n tir do dan - Dau t h $ p n i e n 30, phong t r a o da'u t r a n h chon^Hhuc dan H a L a n t i e p tuc thii t r o n g k i n h doanh. N h i e u cuoc bai cong I d n cua cong n h a n bung nd' doi biing no l a n r o n g k h d p cac dao I n - d o - n e - x i - a , tieu bieu l a eupe k h d i nghia cua 6 n g lirong, cai t h i e n dieu k i e n lam viec. cac t h u y b i n h d eang Su-ra-bay-a vao n a m 1933. + T h a n g 4 - 1930, D a n g Cong san Ma L a i dirpe thanh lap. Sir k i g n nay - Sau k h i k h i i n g bo t a n kho'c nhufng ngifdi k h d i nghia, c h i n h quyen thiTc la tac dong den sir phat t r i e n eua phong trao cong n h a n . T r o n g nhiJng n a m dan t a n g cufdng dan a p , b^t gii? cac l a n h tu D a n g D a n toe va dat D a n g r a .934 - 1936, cae cuoc t6ng bai cong eua cong n h a n l i e n tiep dSn r a , c h i n h ngoai vong phap luat. luyen thire dan buoe p h a i d i dg'n thda t h u a n t a n g luong cho c6ng n h a n . 155 154
- d Mii'n Di&n : + Vao dau the' k i XX, cac nha sir t r e dijfng dau l a Ot-ta-ma da k h d i xUdng III. C A U H O I v A B A I T A P B O S U N G phong trho b a t hop tAc, k h o n g d6ng thue t a y chay h^ng h6a A n h . Phong C S u 1 : P h o n g t r a o d p c l a p d a n tpc t r o n g t h $ p n i e n 30 c i i a the k i X X trao l o i cuon dong dao cac t a n g 16p n h a n dan t h a m gia. if D o n g N a m A d i i n r a n h i i the n a o ? + T r o n g thap n i e n 30, hoc s i n h , s i n h vien M i e n dien da phat dong „ * Huang ddn trd lai : Phong trao T h a - k i n (phong trao cua nhijfng ngudi l a m chu dat nirdc) d b i cai - Dau thap n i e n 30, phong trao da'u t r a n h chong thirc d a n H a L a n tiep tyc each quy che d a i hoc, t h ^ n h l a p trUdng hoc r i e n g cho M i e n D i e n , d b i tdeh j t m g no l a n r p n g k h ^ p cdc dao In-do-ne-xi-a, tieu bieu l a cupc k h d i nghia eiia |cac t h u y b i n h d cang Su-ra-bay-a vao n a m 1933. Mi§'n D i e n r a k h o i A n D6 dUdc quyen i\i t r i . TrUdc dp luc dSu t r a n h m a n h me cua quan chiing, n a m 1937 M i e n Dien difoc tach r a k h o i A n Do, cham diJt m. - Sau k h i k h u n g bo' t a n kho'e nhiJng ngiTcfi k h d i nghia, c h i n h quyen thirc f'kfin t a n g cirbrng d a n ap, b ^ t giOr cac l a n h t u D a n g D a n tpc v a d a t Dang r a hon nOfa the k i \h mot t i n h ciia An Dp thupc A n h . ngoai v6ng phdp luat. C a u 7 : Sijf l i e n m i n h c h i e n d a u c h o n g P h a p c i i a n h a n d a n b a nifdtc Ip - Cuo'i t h a p n i e n 30, trirdc nguy co cua chii nghia p h a t x i t , nhOfng ngu^i D o n g Dulofng dvLdc the h i $ n q u a nhCfng srf k i ^ n t i e u b i e u n a o ? c6ng san da k§'t hop vdi Dang In-do-ne-xi-a, t h a n h l a p M a t t r a n tho'ng nhftt * Huang ddn trd lai : cho'ng phat x i t v d i t e n gpi L i e n m i n h c h i n h t r i In-do-ne-xi-a. - Sau Chien t r a n h the gi'cSi thuf n h a t , thifc dan Phap t a n g cudng c h i n h sdch C a u 2 : N h $ n x e t v e p h o n g t r a o d a u t r a n h g i a n h d p c lalp d D o n g N a m k h a i thdc thupc dia, n h a t l a d cac nUdc Dong Difong, c h i n h sach k h a i thdc A s a u C h i e n t r a n h the g i d i thvt n h a t ? t a n bao va che dp thue' khoa, lao dich n a n g n ^ da l a m bung nS phong trao * Huang ddn trd Idi : dau t r a n h cho'ng Phdp d cdc nufdfc Dong DifOng. » - Phong trao diSn r a s6i n o i v d i nhChig h i n h thdc phong phu phong trao - Tir n a m 1930, sir r a d d i cua Dang Cong san V i e t N a m (tiT thang 1 l§n cao, Ian r p n g k h d p ede quo'e gia. Giai cap v6 san trirdng t h a n h va t h a m 10 - 1930 l a D a n g Cong san Dong DiTdng) da m d r a thcti k i m d i cua phong i gia l a n h dao phong trao. trao each m a n g d Dong Dirong. NhCfng co sd b i m a t dau t i e n cua Dang da - Dae biet d Dong Dirong, Dang Cong san Dong Duong da l a n h dao n h a n diroc t h a n h l a p d Lao va Cam-pu-chia. Sau t h a t b a i cua phong trao X6 viet dSn ba nude ( V i f t N a m , Lao, Cam-pu-chia) dS'u t r a n h cho'ng Phdp tao bude Nghg T i n h d Vi§t N a m , thiTc d a n Phap t a p t r u n g life lifong, d a n dp da mar. ngoat cho phong trao. nhiJng ngiTdi cpng s i n , pha v9 cac co sd cdch mang d h a i niTdc nay. - Phong trao dan chu tU san ti6'p tuc phdt t r i e n , chua co phong trao nao th^ng - T r o n g nhCng n a m 1936 - 1939, M a t t r a n d a n chu Dong Duong diroc loi, nhung da co vu manh me t i n h t h a n yeu nUdc cua cac tang Idp nhan dan t h a n h lap, t a p hop cac t a n g Idp n h a n d a n da'u t r a n h chong bpn phan dong chong ke t h i i chung, tir 1940 t r d d i lan luot chong chii nghia phat x i t . C a u 3 : N e u d S c d i e m c u a p h o n g t r a o d a n tpc d D o n g N a m A s a u thupc dia, chcjig p h a t x i t , chong chien t r a n h . C h i e n t r a n h the g i d i thdf n h a t . C a u 8 : H a y n h $ n x e t v e C U Q C e a c h m a n g n a m 1932 d X i e m . * Huang ddn trd lai : * Hudiig ddn trd lai : - Mac du 1^ nude day nMt d Dong N a m A k h o n g b i rcfi vko t i n h trang - Phat t r i e n d hau khdp eac nUde Dong N a m A . thupc dia, nhitog t r e n thifc te niTdc X i e m cung k h o n g giff ducfc t r p n v e n nei" - Co nhOtig bude t i e n ro ret cung vdi sU Idn manh ciia giai cap tU san dSn toe. dpc l a p cua m i n h v a p h a i phu thu6c ve nhieu m a t vao A n h vh Phap. Sir bai - Muc tieu gianh dpc lap dugc de xua't ro rang. m a n ciia cac t ^ n g Idp t r o n g xa h o i doi vdi, che dp quan; chu Ra-ma V I I ngay - M o t so chinh dang tU san dugc t h a n h lap va c6 anh hudrig xa hpi sau rpng. mot tang. C a u 4 : T o m t a t p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n tpc of I n - d o - n e - x i - a t r o n g - M u a he n a m 1932, m o t cupc each mang da no r a d Bang Coc diTdi su thaip n i e n 20 c u a t h e k i X X v a t h $ p n i e n 30 c i i a t h e k i X X theo b a n g l a n h dao cua giai cap tir san, duTng dau l a P h i - d i Pha-n6-mi-6ng. k e dxidi d a y : - Cach m a n g n a m 1932 da thay the che dp quan chu chuyen eh§' b^ng ch< Thdi gian NOi dung kiSn dp quan ehii lap h i e n , tao dieu k i e n ti§'n h a n h cac cai cdch theo hiTdng tiT san md r a mot t h d i k i phat t r i e n m d i cua X i e m . 156 1 157
* Hudng ddn trd Wi : * Huang ddn trd lai Thdi gian N6i dung sir ki@n Thcri gian Sir kif n Thap nien 20 cua - Phong trao c6ng nhan va vi^c truyln ba chu nghTa Mac-Le nin Thang 5-1920 Dang Cong san In-do-ne-xi-a thanh ISp. the kl XX vao In-d6-n§-xi-a da din Mi vigc thanh ISp Dang Cong s^n Nam 1926 - 1927 Dang Cong sdn In-do-ne-xi-a phat dpng khfii nghTa 5 Gla-va In-do-ne-xi-a vao thang 5 - 1920. va Xu-ma-to-ra. - Ddng Cong san da lanh dao cupc kh5i nghTa vu trang 6 Gia-va va Nam 1927 Dang Dan tpc dirng d^u la Ac-met Xu-cae-no ndm quyen lanh Xu-ma-to-ra trong nhOng nSm 1926 - 1927. Cuoc kh6i nghTa that dao phong trao dau tranh 6 In-do-ne-xi-a. bai nhung da lam rung chuy§'n nen thong tri cua thi^c dan Ha Lan d Lien minh chinh tri In-do-ne-xi-a tri?u tap Dai hpi dgi bieu Thang 12 - 1939 In-d6-ne-xi-a. nhSn dan. - Tif nam 1927, lanh dgo phong trao each mang chuyen vao tay Nam 1933 Cupc kh6i nghTa cua thuy binh 5 cang Su-ra-bay-a 6 In-d6-n§-xi-a. 0§ng Dan toe cua giai cap tu s§n, diJng dau la Ac-met-xu-cac-n6. Trong 30 nam dau the Khcii nghTa cua Ong KQO va Gom-ma-dom 6 Lao. Ddng Dan toe da nhanh chong tr6 thanh Itrc luong dan dat phong klXX trao giai phting dan toe 6 In-d6-n§-xi-a. Thang 9-1940 Phat xit Nhat nhay vao Dong Duong, phong trao each mang 6 Thap nien 30 cua - Dau thap nien 30, phong trao d§'u tranh chong thi^c dSn Ha Lan Lao va Cam-pu-ehia chuyen sang thcJi ki da'u tranh chong phat th§' kl XX tiep tgc bijng no lan rpng khdp cac dao In-do-ng-xi-a, tieu bieu la xit Nhat. cupc kh6i nghTa cija edc thuy binh b cang Su-ra-bay-a vao nam Thang 4 - 1 9 4 0 Dang Cong san Ma Lai dupe thanh lap. 1933. - CuQ'i thap nign 30, triidc nguy co ciJa chu nghTa phat xit, nhOng Nam 1937 Mien Dien dupe tach ra khoi An Op. ngudi cpng san da ket hpp v6i Dang In-do-ne-xi-a, thanh lap Mat tran thong nhat chong phat xit vdi ten gpi Lien minh chinh tri In-d6-n§-xi-a. C a u 5 : H a y d i e n sxi k i ^ n l i c h sxi v a o c a c m o c t h d i g i a n d b a n g k e difdri d a y : Thofi gian Si( kifn Thang 5 - 1 9 2 0 Nam 1926 - 1927 Nam 1927 Thang 12-1939 Nam 1933 Trong 30 nam dSu thS' klXX Thang 9 -1940 Thang 4 - 1 9 4 0 Nam 1937 Mien Dign dupe tach ra khoi An Dp. 158
vCra gay chig'n t r a n h chia l a i the gidi. Sif h i n h t h a n h phe True p h ^ t x i t vao Chucfng X n a m 1937 c h i l a sir l i e n m i n h v i muc dich chung. C H I E N TRANH T H E GICll THUf HAI (1939 - 1945) - T h a n g 9 - 1940, nhkm cung c6' k h o i l i e n m i n h phat x i t , H i e p lidc Tarn d f t o g Dure - I - t a - l i - a - N h $ t Ban dugc k i kg't t a i B6c-lin, p h a n chia pham v i Bai 31 t h 6 h g t r i ciia DiJc, I-ta-Ii-a d chau A i i , cau N h a B a n d V i e n Dong. H i e p udc T a m cirdng n a m 1940 da phan chia cu t h I p h a m v i t h o n g t r i cua ba nirdc, C H I E N TRANH THE GICH THl? HAI (1939 1945) vach ro nghIa v u trtf giup lAn nhau giOfa ba nude phat x i t . I. cAu HOI, B A I T A P ca B A N Cau 4 : Chien luf^c "Chien tranh ch
+ Ri6ng M l , trxidc chien t r a n h , M i kh6ng muon t h a m chien ngay tii dSu, C S u 5 : T a i sao N h a t Ban khai chi&'n vcti Mi - Anh d Thdi Binh DiTtfng ? vi Mi muon thUc h i e n c h i n h sdch "toa scfn quan h6 da'u". Hay tvfdng thu^t vi$c khai chien, qua trinh xam lu^c va banh triTdng + K h i chien tranh bung no va den giai doan quyet li$t. Dure md cac cuoc cua Nhat t r e n IvCdc do chdu A - T h a i B i n h Dtfrfng. ta'n cong vao cac n\Xdc Dong, Nam, TSy Au da dung cham dSn quyin loi cua * Huong ddn ird lai : h, Phap. Dac biet la k h i Nhat banh triiOng d Thai Binh Duong, khai chifin - Tai sao : i M i , Anh. Nhat la k h i Nhat danh M i d Tran Chau cang, bugc M l p h i i + D l thirc hi^n viec b^nh trudfng d chau A - Th^i Binh Duomg, muc tigu gn chien vOi Nhat, M i cham diJt chinh sach biet lap de tham gia chi§n chi§'n lifcfc cua Nhat Bdn la chiem vung D6ng Nam A. Vdi muc ti§u nky, Nhat nh thg' giOi thuT hai. bdn se phdi d6l did \6i M i - Anh vk c^c cudng quo'c phucfng Tay. + K h i Hong quan Lien X6 lan lirot danh bai phat xit Dufc d Mat tr§n + Khi Nhait Ban nhay v^o Dong Di/omg (9 - 1940), quan he Nhat - M l Lien X6, sau d6 giiip cac n\s6c Dong Au danh bai chu nghla phat xit, liic nay trd nen c i n g t h i n g den rnufc khong gidi quyet dUcJc tren b^n hpi nghi, m ^ UU the thuQC ve phe Dong minh da thuc day M i , Anh lien kg't vdi nhau di phai dung chien tranh. chong phat xit manh hem nufa. + Nhat Ban hiiu rkng sufc manh chu yeu cua M i difa v^o h^m doi Thdi a u 7 : Hay trinh bay ve "tr$t trf mdfi" cua phe True d chSu A u va Binh Difcrng dong tai Tran Chau cdng. Do d6 muon nhanh ch6ng ddnh bai M i chau A. E m c6 suy nghi gi ve trat tii m6\o ? thi pMi hi mat, ba't ng& tieu diet ham dOi M i d Tran Chau cang. Huang ddn trd Idi : - Tudng thudt : DiXa veto I'ugc dS di tiiang thudt sau do chdt lai cdc y : * "Trat tu mcfi" cua phe True : + Ng£ly 7 - 12 - 1941, quan Nhat bat ngis tan cong Tran Chau cang - - d chau Au : Sif thong t r i ciia Dufc Quoc xa da tao ra cai goi la "trat tu can cii hai quSn c h i yeu cua M i d Thai Binh Duong. Ham doi M i bi thiet hai (}i"6-day nang ne. Cung liic do, Nhat do bO d Nam Thai Binh DiTcfng va B^c Ma Lai. + D6'i vdi cac nude bi chiem d6ng, DUc thong t r i hkng bao luc va khung Nhat tuyen chien vdi M i - Anh. Hit-le thuc hi$n chinh sach phan biet chung toe cue k i tan bao. + Ngay 1 - 1 - 1942, Lien X6, M i , Anh k i bdn Tuy§n ng6n Lien hiep + Doi vdi ngUcJi Do Thai, Hit-le danh cho "giai phap cuoi cung" nghia la quoc, k h i n g dinh quyet tarn chong phat xit. 'eu diet toan bo. + Khi chien tranh Thai Binh DUdng bung no, Nhat ti§n hanh danh - 6 chau A : Nhat Ban tuyen bo "Khu vufc thinh vuong chung Dai Dong A" chi§'m khu vi/c Dong Nam A : Chi§'m Thai Lan, Ma Lai, Xin-ga-po. di khau hieu "Chau A cua ngUcJi chau A". Nhung Nhat thiet lap d day ach + Nhat md rgng chien tranh Thai Binh Duang. Den nam 1942, Nhat da o'ng t r i tan bao va khung bo. banh trirdng toi da d Dong A, Dong Nam A va Tay Thai Binh Duong. * Suy nghi : C a u 6 : Khoi Dong minh chong ph6t xit dtfgrc hinh thanh nhiT th§' n^o ? - Bay la m g t trat tU gi§'t ngUOi cua phat xit DUc va Nhat. Chung da dung T a i sao ba nrfoTc MI, Anh, L i 6 n X6 trufdrc chien tranh khong c6 difdng oi cue hinh de tieu diet con ngUOi, nha't la dan Do Thai. lo'i hanh d$ng chung, nhifng trong chien tranh lai lien ket Axbfc \6i - Trat t u nay da gay cam phSn cho nhan loai va d6 la can nguy&n dSn dSn nhau ? ong trao da'u tranh chong phat xit dien ra manh me, quyet l i ^ t d nhieu nUdc. * Hiicrng ddn trd lot, : au 8 : Phong trao khang chien d nhil^g niidc hi phat xit chiem Ngay 1 - 1 - 1942, tai Oa-sinh-tcfn, 26 quoc gia (dilng dau la ba cutoig quoc ng d i l n bien r a sao ? Li§n X6, M i , Anh) da k i ban Tuy6n ngon lAhn hiep quoc, k h ^ g dinh quyet tam Huang ddn trd lai : chien dau den cung chong chu nghia phat xit. Vdi bSn Tuyen ngon nay, khoi - Tai Phap, Dang Cong san va nhieu to chUc khie da thanh lap lUc luong Deng minh chd'ng phat xit da chinh thufc hinh thanh. Cuoi thang 11 - 1943, ang chien trong nUdc. < nguy§n thu cua ba ciJdng qu6'c la Xta-lin (LiSn X6), Ru-dd-ven (Mi) va Sdfc-sin - Tai Nam Tu, phong trao khang chien ciia Dang Cpng s i n d i l n ra manh me. (Anh) da hop rai Te-he-ran de th6ng nha't dirdng loi t i ^ hanh chien tranh. - Tai Ba Lan, Dang Cpng san thanh lap "Quan dpi nhan dan", "Quan dpi - Ba nurdc M i , A n h , Lien X6 trUdc chien tranh khong c6 difdng loi hanh ong nUdc" d^ chong phat xit. I dpng chung, nhimg trong chien tranh lai lien ket duoc vdi nhau, vi : - Tai Lien X6, chien tranh du kich trong viing bi dich chiem da lam rung ^ + TrUdc chien tranh, M i va Anh c6 mau thuan vdi Lien X6. Khi chien uyen hau phuong quan dpi DUc. ,.i tranh mdi b i t dau bung no, Ml, Anh muon hudng C U Q C tan cong cua chii nghla phat xit vao lanh thd Lien X6. ,f 163 162
- Phong trko khdng chi§n d D6ng Nam A cung len cao, nhat Ik d Trung Cau 11 : Cu$c phan cong cua quan D6ng minh trong giai doan cuo'i QuS'c, Viet Nam, Phi-lip-pin, Ma Lai, Mien Dien... cua chien tranh (ttf thang 6 - 1944 den thang 8 - 1945) de danh b^i Cau 9 : Di^a vao Ivlcfc do, tvCifng thu^t diin bien cua tr^in phan cong Nh$t Ban diin ra nhuT the nao ? Xta-lin-grat. *Hudng d&n trd Idi : *Hudng d&n trd Idi : - d mat tran Thai Bihh DiXcfng, tif nam 1944, lien quan Mi - Anh da triln DiTa v^o luot do trong sdch gi±o khoa, cac em tu tim hieu tran phan cong V khai cac CUQC tan cong danh chi§m Mien Di§n va qu^n ddo Phi-lip-pin. Quan Xta-lin-grat d Lien X6, sau d6 chot lai laKy y : Ml tang cifdng uy hiep, danh pha cac thanh pho Idn cua mfdc Nhat b&ng - Tran phan cong tai Xta-lin-gr^t (tiT thdng 11 - 1942 d§n thdng 2 - 1943) kh6ng quin. cua quan dpi Lien X6 da tao nen budc ngoat cua cu6c chien tranh the gidi. - Ngay 6 - 8 - 1945, Mi m6m quS bom nguy§n tuf ddu tien xuong thanh - Trong tr$n ddnh vi dai nay. Hong qufin Lien X6 da tan c6ng, bao vay, pho Hi-ro-si-ma. Ngay 8 - 8 , Li§n X6 tuy§n chien vdi Nhat va ta'n cong dao chia cdt de tidli diet vk hit song tokn bo dpi quan tinh nhu§ cua Dufc gom 33 quan quan D6ng d Man Chau. Ngay 9 - 8, Mi n6m tiep qud bom nguyen til van ngUdi do Thong che Pao-liit chi huy. thur hai huy di^t thanh pho Na-ga-xa-ki. Ngay 15 - 8 , Nhat BSn cha'p nhan - Tif day. Lien X6 va phe Dong minh chuyin sang tan cong dong loat tren diu hang khdng dilu ki§n. Chien tranh th§' gidi thiJ hai ket thuc. cdc mat tran. , c a u 12 : Neu ket cue v^ anh hufdng cua ChiSn tranh th6' gidri thtf hai. *Hudng ddn trd lai : Cau 10 : Hay tvCdng thu^t di&n bien cupc do bp vao No6c-mang-di va - Chien tranh thg" gidi thiJ hai kg't thiic vdi sif sup do hoan toan cua chu n&u y nghia cua vi?c md m$t tr^n thuT hai d TSy Au. nghia phdt xit Dure, I-ta-li-a va Nh$t BAn. Thing lori vi dai thuOc v4 cac dan *Hudng ddn trd led : t$c tren th^ gidi da ki#n cifdng chidn da'u ch6'ng chu nghia phat xit. Trong - Diin bien: CUQC chien Mu Ky, ba cif&ng quoc Lien X6, Mi, Anh la life lifctog try c^t, giC + CuQc d6 bo vao No6c-mang-di (B^c Phap) tif ngay 6 - 6 - 1944 cua lien vai trd quyg't dinh trong vi#c tigu diet chu nghia phdt xit. quan Ml - Anh va Dong minh md "Mat tran thuf hai". ^ - Anh hudng cua chien tranh la v6 cung nang n i doi vdi nhan loai. Hon 70 + Quan do bO tig'n vao nUdc Phap. Ngay 15 - 8 - 1944, quan Ml va quan qu6c gia vdi 1700 tri$u ngudi da bi 16i cuon vao v6ng chi§n, kho^ng 60 trieu Phap Tu do lai do bo or Pro-vang-xcf (Nam Phap). Hai each quan nay duoi ngudi ehet, 90 tri^u ngudi bi tan phg'. quan Diirc ve bien gidi. Life lifong khang chig'n trong nifdc Phap cung noi day y, - Chien tranh k§'t thiic da dSn d§n nhuCng bi§n doi can bSn cua tinh hinh khdi nghia, gi^i phdng nhieu vung rong Idn, lam chu Thu do. Canh quan Mi ; the gidi. cua Tifdng Pat-tOn tien vao Pa-ri ngay 25 - 8. Chinh phii Lam thcJi Phap do 111. CAU H6I VA BAI TAP B 6 SUNG tudng DcfGon diJng dau difgrc thanh lap, chinh quyen Pe-tanh bi giai tan. ' Ciu 1 : Nhihig boat d$ng chuan bi tiSn t^i g&y chiSn tranh cua phat Toan bo nifdc Phap duoc giai phong vao thang 9 - 1944. Tiep theo dd quan i xit Diifc, I-ta-li-a va Nh^t Ban. Dong minh do bp tien vao giai phong cac nUdc Phap, Bi, Ha Lan va chuan bi 1^ Hudng d&n trd led : ta'n cong nifdc Dure. I - TU cuoc khung hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933), cac nUdc phdt xit DUc, I-ta- - Y nghia cua viec md mat trdn thii hai : i-a va Nhat BSn da lidn kg't vdi nhau thanh Li6n minh phat xit, c5n duoc goi + Day la boat dOng quan sif Idn nha't cua Mi, Anh tren chien trif&ng chau k true Bee-lin - R6-ma - T6-ki-6. Khoi nay vUa chong lai Quoc tg' Cong sdn, Au. IriJa gay chig'n tranh chia lai the gidi. + ThI hi$n diing sif thoa thufin ciia ba mfdc Lilji Xq, Mi, Anh trong vi§c f - Trong boi cdnh d6, cdc cUdng quoc tU hka. vk Li§n X6 lai khSng cd dudng 61 hanh dpng chung. Cac nUde phat xit da Id dung tinh hinh dd d^ thUc hien quyet tam tigu diet chu nghia phat xit. )tnuc tieu gay ehifin tranh xam luoc cua minh. f + The hi$n sure manh va sif lien ket cua cac mfdc Dong minh chong phat - TrUde het Hit-le quyet dinh sap nhap Ao vao nude Ddc, r6i tiSn hanh xit, diJng dau la Lien X6, Mi, Anh. xam luoc cac nUdc khae. Tiep dd, Hit-le yeu edu chinh phu Ti^p Khie ehuyin + Dly Dure lam vao tinh the nguy ngap, bupc Diifc phai chig'n dau cimg giao xU Xuy-d^t cho ngUdi DUc. mot liic tren ck hai mat tran phia D6ng va phia Tay. - Ngay 29 - 9 - 1938, Hpi nghi Muy-nich dUOc tri^u t§p vdi sU tham gia cua ngudi dUng d^u cdc chinh phu Anh, Phap, DUc va I-ta-li-a. Mot hi$p dinh 164 H 165