Societ english 9

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– GED SCIENCE PRACTICE QUESTIONS – 52. Questions 55 and 56 are based on the following diagram. The instrument shown in this picture can be used to study 180 2 10 0 15 S 24 1 20 0 W 27 0 E 90 30 60 N 0 33 30 0 0 a. cell organelles. b. the ﬂight pattern of birds. 55. This instrument is used to c. the movement of stars in other galaxies. a. determine the direction of the wind. d. old manuscripts. b. determine the directions of the world. e. human vision defects. c. ﬁnd the nearest piece of land when navigating the seas. 53. A large surface area results in a high rate of cool- d. ﬁnd underground waters. ing. This is why we tend to curl up when we sleep e. determine the direction of water ﬂow. in a cold room and spread our limbs out when we sleep in a very hot room. Which of the fol- 56. This instrument works because lowing is an example where this principle is used a. it has an internal clock. in technology? b. the needle points to the direction of mini- a. Refrigerators can be used to cool containers of mum pressure. milk with large surface areas. c. the needle changes position depending on the b. Fans that cool computers are often ribbed to position of the sun. increase the surface area for cooling. d. the Earth has two magnetic poles. c. Airplanes are shaped to minimize heat loss in e. the temperatures on Earth’s poles are very low. the cabin. d. Heat packs are designed to have a large surface area. e. Microwave ovens are designed to completely close during food preparation. 54. The amount of dissolved gas in a liquid solution depends on the pressure of the gas. Under a high pressure, greater amounts of gas can be dis- solved. Pressure is used to increase the solubility of carbon dioxide gas in a. ﬁsh ponds. b. cereals. c. carbonated drinks. d. milk. e. gasoline. 280
– GED SCIENCE PRACTICE QUESTIONS – Questions 57 and 58 are based on the following passage. 57. As a result of this ﬁnding, the Food and Drug Administration should Farm animals can carry salmonella, a kind a. carefully regulate the prescription of antibi- of bacteria that can cause severe food poi- otics for sore throats. soning. However, animals fed antibiotics can b. prevent the export of meat from South carry especially deadly strains of salmonella. Dakota to Minnesota. In Minnesota in 1983, 11 people were hos- c. limit the practice of feeding antibiotics to pitalized with salmonella poisoning. This cattle. number itself was not striking at all. Forty- d. take the antibiotic that caused salmonella off thousand Americans are hospitalized with the market. salmonella poisoning every year. What was e. require special prescription for antibiotics striking about the cases in Minnesota was resistant to salmonella. that each patient had severe symptoms and all the patients were infected with the same, 58. Based on the passage, which one of the following rare strain of salmonella, resistant to several statements is false? common antibiotics. A young scientist, a. Salmonella poisoning is a common bacterial Scott Holmberg, noted that eight patients infection. were taking the same antibiotics for sore b. Some strands of bacteria are resistant to throats. He ruled out the possibility that the antibiotics. antibiotics themselves were infected with c. Antibiotics kill off bacteria that are not resist- the bacteria because three of the patients ant to antibiotics. were not taking antibiotics at all. He later d. Antibiotics transmit salmonella. showed that the people were infected with e. Farm animals can carry salmonella. salmonella prior to taking the antibiotics, but that the antibiotics triggered the onset of salmonella poisoning. He postulated that salmonella suddenly ﬂourished when the patients took antibiotics, because the antibi- otics killed off all other competing bacteria. He was also able to trace the antibiotic- resistant salmonella to the beef that was imported to Minnesota from a farm in South Dakota, at which cattle were routinely fed antibiotics and at which one calf died of the same strain of salmonella. 281
– GED SCIENCE PRACTICE QUESTIONS – Questions 59 through 61 are based on the passage below 60. Which of the minerals listed in the table are you and the table at the bottom of the page. most likely lacking if you experience irregular heartbeat? Minerals are an important component of a. sodium the human diet. Some minerals are needed b. potassium in relatively large amounts. These include c. calcium calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, d. phosphorous chlorine, and magnesium. Others, including e. magnesium iron, manganese, and iodine, are needed in smaller amounts. Humans need 26 minerals 61. Which two minerals are necessary for formation all together, but some of them are only of healthy bones and teeth? required in tiny amounts. Some minerals, a. calcium and magnesium such as lead and selenium, are harmful in b. calcium and phosphorous large quantities. Dietary supplements can c. calcium and potassium decrease the chance of mineral deﬁciencies d. calcium and sodium listed in the table below, but should be taken e. sodium and magnesium with great care, since overdose can lead to poisoning. 62. Which of the following is the most common result of prolonged excessive alcohol consumption? 59. Taking several iron supplements per day can a. heart attack a. decrease the chance of bone loss. b. brain tumor b. make you stronger. c. lung cancer c. help relieve PMS symptoms. d. liver damage d. cause poisoning. e. cataracts e. make up for an unbalanced diet. 63. Which of the following could be transmitted through kissing? a. lung cancer b. brain tumor c. ﬂu d. diabetes e. Down’s syndrome MINERAL GOOD SOURCES SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY FUNCTIONS Sodium Table salt, normal diet Muscle cramps Water balance, muscle and nerve operation Potassium Fruits, vegetables, grains Irregular heartbeat, fatigue, Muscle and nerve opera- muscle cramps tion, acid-base balance Calcium Dairy, bony ﬁsh, leafy Osteoporosis Formation of bone and green vegetables teeth, clotting, nerve signaling Phosphorous Dairy, meat, cereals Bone loss, weakness, lack of appetite Formation of bone and teeth, energy metabolism Magnesium Nuts, greens, whole grains Nausea, vomiting, weakness Enzyme action, nerve signaling 282
– GED SCIENCE PRACTICE QUESTIONS – 64. 66. A woman is most likely to get pregnant if she has The boiling point of water decreases with unprotected sex a few days before and on the day increasing pressure. At high altitudes, the atmos- of ovulation, when the egg is released from the pheric pressure is lower than at sea level. Where ovaries. The release of the egg is hormonally would you expect to ﬁnd the highest boiling stimulated, meaning that a hormone in the point temperature of water? woman’s body triggers ovulation. On average, a. in the Grand Canyon Valley women ovulate around the 14th day of their b. at sea level menstrual cycle. The following is a graph show- c. at the base of Mount Everest ing the levels of three hormones throughout the d. at the top of Mount Everest menstrual cycle of an average woman. e. at the top of a small hill 80 Hormone concentration (units per ml) 67. As the pressure of a gas increases at constant 70 temperature, the volume of the gas decreases. 60 Apply FSH pressure LH 50 Progesterone 40 30 GAS 20 GAS 10 If you were a diver and you wanted to take an 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 oxygen tank with you, what would you do? Day of menstrual cycle a. Pressurize the oxygen, so more of it can ﬁt in a Based on the graph, which hormone is most tank of a manageable size. directly responsible for triggering ovulation? b. Decrease the pressure of oxygen in the tank, a. FSH so the tank doesn’t explode. b. LH c. Increase the temperature of oxygen in the c. progesterone tank, so that the cold oxygen doesn’t damage d. testosterone the lungs. e. cholesterol d. Decrease the temperature of oxygen, so that it doesn’t escape from the tank. 65. Through friction, energy of motion is converted e. Increase the temperature of the oxygen and to heat. You use this in your favor when you decrease the pressure, so the volume stays the a. wear gloves to make your hands warm. same. b. rub your hands together to make them warm. c. soak your hands with hot water to make them warm. d. place your hands near a ﬁreplace to make them warm. e. hold a cup of tea to make your hands warm. 283
– GED SCIENCE PRACTICE QUESTIONS – 68. Questions 70 and 71 are based on the following passage. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature is called solubility. In 1628, English physician William Harvey For most substances, solubility increases with established that the blood circulates temperature. Rock candy can be made from throughout the body. He recognized that sugar solutions that have an excess of sugar dis- the heart acts as a pump and does not work solved. The amount of sugar per 100 grams of by using up blood as earlier anatomists water at a given temperature has to be higher thought. To carefully observe the beating of than the amount that is normally soluble in the heart and the direction of blood ﬂow, order to make rock candy. Based on the solubil- Harvey needed to see the works of the blood ity of sugar in water as a function of tempera- in slow motion. Since there was no way for ture, plotted in the graph, how much sugar him to observe a human heart in slow would you need to dissolve in 100 grams of motion, he studied the hearts of toads and water to make rock candy at 40° C? snakes, rather than the rapidly beating Solubility of Sugar in Water hearts of “warm-blooded” mammals and 600 birds. By keeping these animals cool, he 550 500 could slow their hearts down. The main (g of sugar/100 g of water) 450 argument for his conclusion that the blood 400 circulates stemmed from his measurement 350 Solubility 300 of the amount of blood pumped with each 250 heartbeat. He calculated that the amount of 200 blood pumped each hour by far exceeds the 150 100 total amount of blood in the body and 50 proved that the same blood passes through 0 the heart over and over again. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Temperature (degrees Celsius) a. less than 50 grams 70. What misconception did scientist harbor before b. between 50 and 100 grams Harvey’s study? c. between 100 and 150 grams a. The heart circulates blood. d. between 150 and 200 grams b. The heart pumps blood. e. more than 250 grams c. The heart uses up blood. d. The heart contains no blood. 69. Which of the following energy sources causes the e. The heart of birds beats faster than the heart least pollution to the environment? of frogs. a. coal b. nuclear power 71. Which of the following did Harvey do? c. gasoline I. Observe the heartbeat and blood ﬂow in d. solar snakes and frogs. e. oil II. Determine that the heart acts as a pump. III. Count the number of blood cells that pass through the heart every hour. IV. Show that the blood circulates. a. He did only I. b. He did I and II. c. He did I, II, and IV. d. He did I, III, and IV. e. He did II, III, and IV. 284
– GED SCIENCE PRACTICE QUESTIONS – Questions 72 and 73 are based on the following passage. Questions 74 and 75 are based on the following passage. Radiation from radioisotopes can be used to In the past, people thought that the Earth was kill cancer cells. Chemist Marie Curie ﬂat and that a ship that sailed too far would received two Nobel Prizes for her work with fall off the edge of the world. The Earth radioisotopes. Her work led to the discovery appears ﬂat because the Earth is too large for of the neutron and synthesis of artiﬁcial humans on Earth to see its curvature. Several radioactive elements. She died of leukemia events helped shed the misconceptions. For at 67, caused by extensive exposure to radia- one, during a lunar eclipse, the Earth is posi- tion. Curie never believed that radium and tioned between the sun and the moon. It other materials she worked with were a eclipses the moon by casting a shadow on it. health hazard. In World War I, glowing The shadow the Earth casts is round. When radium was used on watch dials to help sol- Magellan circumnavigated the Earth, he diers read their watches in the dark and to proved that one could not fall off the edge of synchronize their attacks. Unfortunately, the Earth, because the Earth was round and women who worked in factories were draw- had no edges. Finally, space missions provided ing their radium stained brushes to ﬁne us with images of our round Earth from far points by putting them between their lips. away and showed us how beautiful our planet As a result, their teeth would glow in the looks, even from a distance. dark. But this was an amusement for chil- 74. dren more than a cause of worry. About ten In the passage, what was cited as proof that the years later, the women developed cancer in Earth is round? their jaws and mouths and had problems I. Earth casts a round shadow on the moon making blood cells. This exposed the dan- during a lunar eclipse. gers of radiation. II. Earth revolves around the sun. III. Magellan circumnavigated the Earth. 72. Based on the information in the passage, which IV. images from space statement about radioisotopes is false? a. I and II a. Radioisotopes can kill cancer cells. b. I, II, and III b. Radioisotopes can cause cancer. c. I, II, and IV c. A radioisotope can glow in the dark. d. I, III, and IV d. Einstein received the Nobel Prize for working e. II, III, and IV with isotopes. e. A radioisotope was used in watch dials. 75. With which misconception about the Earth is the passage concerned? 73. Which dangers of radiation were mentioned in a. that the Earth turned the passage? b. that the Earth was in the center of the solar I. Radiation can cause genetic mutations. system II. Radiation can lead to leukemia. c. that the Earth was ﬂat III. Radiation can cause chemotherapy. d. that the Earth was created at the same time as a. danger I only the sun b. danger II only e. that the Earth could be eclipsed by the sun c. danger III only d. dangers I and II e. dangers II and III 285