Sử dụng địa chỉ IPv6 Multicast trong công nghệ truyền thông đa phương tiện

u<br /> tron GH£ TR VkNWONG DA PHlKyNG T|£N<br /> <br /> <br /> Th.s Le Thj Phitdng Anh<br /> <br /> 1. T I N H H I N H TRIEN KHAI I P V 6 T A I<br /> VIET NAM<br /> Hien nay, tai Viet nam da co khoang 25 td chiic mang IPv6 tai cac ISP, cac td chiic va doanh nghiep<br /> trong nude dupc cap dia chi IPv6 [1], tuy nhien mdi khac trong nude. Theo cac chuyen gia Intemet, sau<br /> chi CO Tmng tam Intemet Viet Nam da hoan thanh hon 30 nam sir dimg dai dia chi tren cdng nghe<br /> trien khai ha tang ky thuat va dich vu tren nen dia IPv4 hien chi con lai chua den 5% dung lupng, du<br /> chi IPv6[2]. Cac td chiic khac dang trien khai rat kien no se can kiet vao thang 11-2011. Do dd cac<br /> cham hdu nhu vdn chua cd ke hoach va ha tang sdn td chirc dupc cung cap dia chi IPv6 trong nude cdn<br /> sang cho viec tnen khai chuyen ddi sir dung the he tich cue hon nira trong viec trien khai mang IPv6 va<br /> dia chi mdi. Hy vong trong thdi gian tdi, ke hoach nghien cim phat tnen cac img dung mdi tren nen<br /> hanh dpng qudc gia ve IPv6 chinh thiic dupc ban cdng nghe IPv6.<br /> hanh se cd dupc su ddng bd trong viec trien khai<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 30 TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 3 . 2 0 1 1 )<br />  WEB & INTERNET<br /> <br /> <br /> IPv4<br /> IPv4 Clients<br /> Servers<br /> cac<br /> "~w CATV Access Wireless<br /> ^stem<br /> l» 802 11b<br /> lib<br /> <br /> IPv4<br /> Router<br /> f'lr*.<br /> 3<br /> Routing or<br /> CMTS<br /> LONG 01<br /> "^l<br /> ISDN<br /> ""~'<br /> bridge mode IPv6 Network SiDicth<br /> ISDN<br /> <br /> ADSL<br /> <br /> <br /> ^ ES<br /> C«O0!r A o a «<br /> <br /> <br /> ATM<br /> B ADSL<br /> Router<br /> Ethernet ^^Router '^'"^<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> IPv6 ATM ^<br /> IPv6 Interconnection Services<br /> Clients Servers<br /> <br /> 2. CAC DICH vy DA PHUONG TIEN trong tuong lai. Do dd can nghien ciru cdng nghe de<br /> (MULTIMEDIA) NGAY CANG P H O B I E N hd trp va dap img dupc cac dac thii ciia loai hinh<br /> TREN I N T E R N E T dich vu nay.<br /> Multimedia la ky thuat tich hop tren mpt nen 3. DAC T I N H N O I CHUNG CUA CAC<br /> thdng nhat cac dang dti lieu khac nhau nhu van D I C H v y M U L T I M E D I A VA CONG NGHE<br /> ban, am thanh, hinh dnh tinh, hinh anh dpng. Cong T D I I V £ M Ti-ir»Mrt M I I I r r r A C T<br /> nghe Multimedia ra ddi vao nhiing nam 80 khi xudt<br /> De phat tnen cac dich vu Multimedia thi van de<br /> hien cac dia hinh sir dung ky thuat tuong tu diing<br /> bang thdng la quan trpng nhat va dupc dat len hang<br /> de luu trii am thanh, hinh anh tinh va cac doan<br /> ddu vi cac dich vu Multimedia hdu nhu la cac dich<br /> video. Cac dang dii lieu Multimedia truyen thdng<br /> Vll thdi gian thuc, dp trd thap nen tieu tdn rat nhieu<br /> la cac dti lieu rdi rac nhu van ban, sd lieu. Cac dii<br /> bang thdng cdn lupng dia chi IP Idn. Khi cd ddng<br /> lieu am thanh la loai tin hieu mpt chieu lien tuc nhu<br /> thdi nhieu truy nhap den he thdng, mang truy nhap<br /> tieng dn, am nhac, heng ndi....DQ Ueu anh tinh la<br /> bang rpng thi he thdng can phai dupc hd trp tinh<br /> tin hieu hai chieu lien tuc tren mien khdng gian nhu<br /> nang truyen ddn da diem (multicast).<br /> dd hpa, hinh anh. Dii lieu anh dpng la tin hieu theo<br /> thdi gian nhu boat hinh, video. Cac img dung cua Cdng nghe IP Multicast la mpt chuan md cua IETF<br /> cdng nghe Multimedia nhu Video streaming, Phim diing de truyen ddn cac gdi dii lieu IP tir mpt ngudn<br /> theo yeu cau(VoD), truyen hinh theo yeu cau(TvoD), den nhieu dich trong mpt mang LAN hay WAN. Cac<br /> ca nhac theo yeu cau(MoD), truyen hinh true tuyen host tham gia vao mpt nhdm Multicast va cac img<br /> va cac img diing cho vui choi giai tri, thuong mai, dung chi giri mpt ban sao cua thdng bn cho mdt dia<br /> ddo tao...Vdi nhu cau cua ngudi diing ngdy cang chi nhdm. Thdng tin nay chi gui den nhirng diem<br /> cao, yeu cdu cac dich vu cd chat luong, phong phii mudn nhan dupc luu lupng dd. Viec gin ban tin<br /> va dap img kip su phat trien cua xa hpi thdng tin thi Unicast va Broadcast la cac trudng hpp dac biet cua<br /> cac dich vu Mulhmedia se la cac dich vu tiem nang phuong phap Mulhcast. Truyen Mulhcast cai thien<br /> dang ke ve hieu sudt, thudng sit dung bang thdng<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 3 . 2 0 1 1 ) |31<br />  WEB & INTERNET<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> nhd hon tmyen don tren tdi khach hang<br /> HosJA<br /> mang, va cho phep xay dau cudi, phuc vu<br /> dung cac img dung phan theo nhu cau nhdm<br /> tan hpp ly. Mpt dia chi ngudi dung do dd<br /> Multicast cho phep phan HoStB can phuong phap<br /> phdi dii lieu tdi mpt tap hpp tmyen ddn de cac<br /> cac host da dupc cau hinh may chii khdng<br /> HostC<br /> nhu nhiing thanh vien cua phai md nhieu ket<br /> mpt nhdm Multicast trong ndi tdi nhieu dich<br /> cac mang con phan tan ma vdn phuc vii<br /> HostD<br /> khac nhau. Day la phuong dupc lupng khach<br /> phap tmyen ddn da diem, hang Idn theo cdc<br /> trong dd chi cac host cd nhu cau cu the.<br /> HostE<br /> nhu cdu nhan du: lieu mdi - Ve mat truyen<br /> tham gia vao nhdm. Dieu Hinh 1: Mo ta truyen din multicast<br /> din: Trong mdi<br /> nay han che tdi da su lang tmdng Multicast thi<br /> phi bang thdng tren mang, hon niia cdn nhd co che giao thirc tmyen tai UDP dupc sii dung, vol dac tinh<br /> giri gdi dir lieu Multicast ma bang thdng dupc tiet ciia giao thiic UDP la khdng cd tinh nang kiem tra ldi<br /> kiem triet de. gdi tin tmyen di va khdng dam bao gdi tin den dich<br /> Sii dung cdng nghe Multicast trong tmyen thdng dimg thii tu nhung dieu nay lai phii hpp vdi cac dii<br /> dich vu Multimedia giai quyet dupc cac van de sau: lieu cd kha nang chiu dung ldi (fault-tolerant) nhu<br /> - Ve mat bang thdng. Dich vu Multimedia la can Multimedia dieu nay cd nghia la neu trong qua trinh<br /> nhu cdu bang thdng Idn de cung cap dich vu chat tmyen ddn cd mpt sd gdi tin bi Idi thi cting khdng<br /> lupng tdt do dd cdn phai lua chpn phuang phap anh hudng den tin hieu va lam giam chat lupng.<br /> tmyen ddn de tiet kiem dupc bang thdng nhat tren Cd the thay cdng nghe Multicast la mpt su lua chpn<br /> dudng tmyen. hoan hao cho cac loai hinh dich vu Multimedia.<br /> - Ve mat dich vu: Cac dich vu can dupc phuc vu<br /> <br /> I E T F ^tarch 914. 2008<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 32 TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 3 . 2 0 1 1 )<br />  WEB & INTERNET<br /> <br /> <br /> 4 . KHA N A N G S l / D y NG I P V 6 M U L T I C A S T multicast. Do vay lupng dia chi IPv6 multicast cd<br /> V Q I DICH v y MULTIMEDIA the dupc sir dung nhieu hon, thda man nhu cau<br /> IPv6 hd trp tinh nang mulhcast tdt hon so vdi dia ve dia chi khi trien khai cac loai hinh dich vu mdi<br /> chi IPv4. Vdi dia chi IPv6, dia chi multicast dupc cdu ma tat ca cac thiet bi tham gia deu cdn phai gdn<br /> hinh trong mpt nhdm Multicast. Nhieu node dupc dia chi.<br /> gdn cho mpt nhdm Multicast nhat dinh, va nhdm - Co sd ha tang cd hd trp IPv6 multicast cd the xay<br /> nay dupc gdn mdt dia chi Multicast. Do vay, node dung dd dang hem, khdng nhu IPv4 dia chi multicast<br /> thuc hien tmyen dO Ueu se chi can xac dinh dia chi chi la su lua chpn khdng phai tat ca cac router va<br /> multicast nay, de gui gdi tin den mpi node (chinh may chii hd trp multicast, vdi IPv6 dia chi multicast<br /> xac hon la den cac giao dien) trong nhdm multicast la bdt bupc, trpng mang IPv6 cac thiet bi phai bdt<br /> nay. Dia chi multicast cQng cd pham vi: toan cdu budc hd tip multicast.<br /> (global), td chiic (organization-local), mpt site (site- - Giao thirc dinh myen sii dung multicast tren IPv4<br /> local), link (link-local) va trong node (node-local). la giao thirc IGMP,MOSPF,MBGP cdn tren mang IPv6<br /> Dang pham vi dia chi nay dupc dinh nghia khdng sir diing giao thiic MLD, PIM giao thiic dinh tuyen<br /> nhu dia chi IPV4, mpt node IPV6 cd the dupc gdn rat danh rieng cho IPv6 multicast nen viec dinh tuyen<br /> nhieu dia chi. trd nen de dang.<br /> Dia chi Multicast cua IPV6 cd nhieu uu diem so vdi - Dia chi IPv6 phan biet rd rang gidi ban pham<br /> dia chi multicast cua IPv4. Cu the nhu sau: vi ciia mpt dia chi multicast sir dung mpt tmdng dia<br /> - Sd lupng dia chi de sir dung: Trong IPv4, Class chi cd dinh la scope, trong khi pham vi cua mpt gdi<br /> D dupc danh cho multicast, dd chi la khoang khdng tin multicast trong IPv4 dupc quy dinh bdng each<br /> gian dia chi nhd tir 224.0.0.0 tdi 239.255.255.255. sir dung tmdng TTL (Time to Live) dieu nay lam ban<br /> Nhung trong dia chi IPv6, viing dia chi cd tien td che qua trinh sir Iy cac goi tin trong quy md Idn.<br /> dau FF::/8(8 bit ddu la 11111111) la viing dia chi - Trong IPv4 sir diing dudng hdm Multicast trien<br /> danh cho muUicast chiem tdi 1/256 khdng gian khai Multicasting. Vdi dia chi IPv6 thi tat ca cac<br /> dia chi IPv6 dupc danh rieng lam dia chi IPv6 router phai dupc cd kha nang multicast, khdng phai<br /> <br /> _/i^ .Rapture! |MPEG4 I J Video \Jt^ MPEG4 Video<br /> nffT^A ~ n Driver M E n c o d e r f * ! T — rv ecoder~*l tendere"<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ^ -1 Sound<br /> Driver<br /> MP3<br /> Encoder<br /> Audio<br /> Tee<br /> MP3 Sound<br /> Decoderl '*] Driver in<br /> ^kudio/Vldeo'<br /> \ MUX /<br /> Video Stream<br /> RTP/RTCP<br /> Audio Stream<br /> -O-<br /> A / V Muxed Stream<br /> U0P/IPv6<br /> XL<br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 2: Mo hinh gui cac tin hieu video/audio qua mang Multicast IPv6<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 3 . 2 0 1 1 ) I 33<br />  WEB & INTERNET<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> SU dung dudng ham multicast de trien khai IPv6<br /> multicasting.<br /> - Mpt dia chi IPv4 sir dung dia chi multicast de<br /> xac dinh mpt giao dien mang. Tuy nhien, dieu nay<br /> khdng phii hpp vdi IPv6, mpt node IPv6 cd kha nang ,.„. i-.vAn&.<br /> cd the gan nhieu dia chi tren mdt giao dien duy<br /> nhat.<br /> Til nhiing uu diem tren ciia IPv6 multicast so vdi<br /> dia chi IPv4 muUicast cd the thay rdng viec trien<br /> khai cac dich vu multimedia vdi cdng nghe IPv6<br /> multicast la rat phii hpp va de dang.<br /> Cac dich vu img dung tmyen thdng da phuang<br /> tien hien da dupc trien khai tren nen IPv6<br /> MuUicast:<br /> - Hdi thao tmyen hinh qua mang: Cd kha nhieu<br /> cac chuong trinh hd trp hdi thao tmyen hinh<br /> dupc phdt trien trong thdi gian gan day nhu cac<br /> chuang trinh RAT (Robust Audio Tool), VIC(video la cac dich vu tiem nang trong thdi gian tdi, ciing<br /> conference tool), NTE(network text editor) ... Khi vdi su chuyen ddi sang su dung the he dia chi<br /> bdt ddu tham gia mpt cupc hpi thao tmyen hinh mdi IPv6 cua timg nha cung cap dich vu theo Id<br /> thi tmdc het phai tien hanh tai cac phdn mem hd trinh phdt trien IPv6 ciia qudc gia thi su ket hpp<br /> trp img dung dia chi multicast IPv6 nhu: vdi audio sir dung IPv6 multicast vdi cac dich vu multimedia<br /> la chuang trinh RAT, video la VIC, vdi chuong se hira hen mang lai cho khach hang cac dich vu<br /> trinh chia se soan thao la NTE. mdi, chat lupng cao trong tuang lai.<br /> <br /> - Dich vu Giam sat thdi gian thtic (Real time Tai lieu t h a m khao<br /> <br /> monltoruig) va Video on demand sir dung IPv6 [1]. Danh sac cac to chuc dugc cung cap dia chi IPv6, http://<br /> multicast. www.ipv6.vn/l-6-420-3-7-02-20081015.htm<br /> <br /> - Dich vu IPTV: Vdi cac danh gia tren cua cac [2]. Gioi thieu mang IPv6 ciia VNNIC, httpy/vww.ipv6.vn/l-6-<br /> chuyen gia thi viec trien khai IPTV tren nen IPv6 420-5-7-01-20081128.htm<br /> multicast se dap img du nhu cau cua ngudi diing [3]. Gidi thieu ve the he dia chi Internet mdi IPv6, Ths NguySn<br /> trong tuong lai, va se trien khai nhieu loai hinh Thu Thiiy, Trung tam Intemet Viet Nam.<br /> dich vu hon nda nhu: VoD, Replay-TV (network<br /> [4]. RFC 3513, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3513.txt<br /> DVR), In-home DVR, Multi-room Service, v.v<br /> [5]. RFC2375, http-y/vww.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2375.txt<br /> <br /> 5. KET L U A N [6]. Multimedia with IPv6 multicast http://www.apan.net/<br /> <br /> Tai Viet Nam hien ciing dang cd cac nha cung meetings/busan03/final_papers/p35-you.pdf, http://wvw.scielo.<br /> <br /> cap dich vu nhu VNPT, FPT, Viettel dang dan cl/pdf/rf aclng/v 13n3/art09.pdf<br /> <br /> hoan thien va cung cap cac dich vu bang rdng [7]. Multicat in IPv6, http:// www.ipv6-es.com/02/docs/david_<br /> multimedia nhu IPTV, VoD.... Cac dich vu nay se lan-abeiti.pdf<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 34 TAP CHi CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 3 . 2 0 1 1 )<br />