Tại sao doanh nghiệp kiệt sức và Chính phủ phải làm gì để cứu doanh nghiệp

D D n n MOI TRUdNG KINH OOANH D D<br /> TAI SAO DOANH NGHI6P KIET SCfC VA CHfNH PHO<br /> PHAI LAM Gl D i Cl3U DOANH NGHieP<br /> Bui Ngoc H u y d n *<br /> 1. D a t v a n d e<br /> Giai doan tQ nflm 2007 dd'n nay Dang vfl<br /> Chinh phu dfi rfl't quan tfim den sU tflng<br /> trudng vfl yeu c i u tfing trUdng ben vQng la<br /> ca'p bach, sd'ng edn. Tang trudng b i n vQng<br /> eua n i n kinh te' ehinh la lam sao cac doanh<br /> nghidp Viet Nam ke ca doanh nghiep d i u tU<br /> nUdc ngofli (FDI) vfl doanh nghidp trong nUdc<br /> CO sQc canh t r a n h vdi cac nUdc trong khu vUc<br /> vfl qudc td'. Viet Nam da hpi nhfip mpt cflch<br /> sau vfi rpng sau 5 nfim gia nhflp WTO, tuy<br /> nhien nfing sufl't lao dpng ciia Viet Nam cdn<br /> thfl'p hdn Trung Qud'c 4 Iln, thfi'p hdn mdt so'<br /> nUdc Asean nhU Thai Lan 6 Iln, Malaysia 8<br /> Ifln. Nguyen nhan ciia nflng sufl't lao dpng<br /> tha'p kem ehinh la vide cham dau tU cdng<br /> nghe hien dai trong san xua't va quan ly vfl<br /> eon mot loat nguydn n h a n phu khflc nhU cflc<br /> chinh sfich khuye'n khich kinh td' eua Chinh<br /> phu dUa ra khdng dUdc cfic Bp, dia phUdng<br /> thQc thi, vdng lufin qufin eua lam phat vfl Ifii<br /> sufi't ngan hflng khi lai sufi't ngfin hfing tfing<br /> eao keo theo Igm phflt tang cao vfl ngUdc lgi.<br /> Dfiy Ifl vfi'n d l cd tinh n h a n qua, 2 mat, song<br /> da sd" chi noi rflng do lam phat ndn tfing lai<br /> sufi't mfi it ngudi ndi rflng lai sufl't tfing cao<br /> lam lam phat vpt len nhUng phfin tich ky khi<br /> ehung ta dUa lai sufi't Idn va lam phat tang<br /> va cQ lap lai hien tQdng cfli np dfiy cai kia.<br /> Thdi gian qua da cd rfi't n h i i u bfli vidt eua<br /> cac chuydn gia p h a n tich, dfinh gia ve vfi'n<br /> d l lam phat, suy thoai ... Do nhieu nguydn<br /> <br /> nhan mfl chii ye'u Ifl dilu khid'n lai sufl't vfi<br /> gia ca cac mat hflng nfing lUdng thieu linh<br /> hoat, thid'u dU bfio vfl phfin tich thQc t l mpt<br /> cfich kip thdi nen chi tieu kinh t l Viet Nam<br /> giam d i n tQ quy II- 2011. Neu logi trQ cac<br /> doanh nghidp FDI ra thi eo the thfi'y cho dd'n<br /> quy I- 2012 trong ngflnh cdng nghiep chd'<br /> tgo, chd' bie'n chi so' tflng trUdng d cflc doanh<br /> nghidp npi dia g i n nhU bflng 0 hoflc la fim,<br /> con cflc doanh nghidp FDI tang dUdc trdm<br /> 8% (sd" lieu chi tUdng dd'i chinh xac). Tflng<br /> trudng tin dung hi am do doanh nghidp<br /> khong du tai san thd' chfi'p, nhUng phan<br /> chinh lai sufi't eao cho nen cac doanh nghidp<br /> khdng dam dau tU san xufi't kinh doanh. Cac<br /> y kid'n d l xufi't giai phfip da co nhieu nhUng<br /> chua phfin tich, tong hpp mdt each tofln dien<br /> de Chinh phii cd the tim ra mdt chid'n lUde,<br /> cae giai phflp dUa nen kinh td' ra khdi khung<br /> hoang va dfiy n i n kinh td' dd phat trien mpt<br /> each b i n vQng, manh me.<br /> Bfli viet nfly neu mpt so' nguyen nhan Iflm<br /> doanh nghiep suy yeu va de xufi't vdi Chinh<br /> phu nhQng giai phap can thUe hidn d l trd<br /> giup doanh nghiep.<br /> 2. D a u vflo t a n g qufl n h a n h - N g u y e n<br /> n h a n c h u y e u l a m d o a n h n g h i e p k i e t sQc<br /> N i n kinh te' kiet qud, eae doanh nghiep<br /> suy yd'u, rfi't n h i i u doanh nghidp dQng tren<br /> bd vQc pha san do n h i i u nguyen nhan gay<br /> ra, trong dd cd ca do nflng iQc, trinh dp quan<br /> ly kem, tuy nhidn nguydn nhfin chinh vfin Ifl<br /> <br /> * Bui Ngoc Huyen, T^ng gidm ddc, Chu tich Hfli ddng Quan tri Cflng ty C6 phki VINAXUKI.<br /> <br /> Sil 47 (5+6/2012)<br /> <br /> QUAN Lt KINH T£<br /> <br /> Q<br /> <br /> i'J^i'ilH Mdl TRUONG KINH DOANH<br /> <br /> vfln la d i u vflo cua doanh nghidp tfing qua<br /> nhanh. Dieu nfly thd hien d mpt sd' yd'u td'<br /> ehinh sau dfiy:<br /> Thuc tdi nguyen, tiOn den bii ddt<br /> TQ nam 2007 nhieu dia phQdng d^m dieh<br /> tang tien den bu dfl't vfi cud'i nam 2009 Bp<br /> Tai nguyen moi trUdng xfiy dUng vfl de nghi<br /> Thu tudng Chfnh phii dUa ra quye't dinh 69,<br /> dua gifl dfl't len 2,5 dd'n 5 Iln, tren ed sd dfl'y<br /> ngflnh Tai chinh vfl thue' cung dUa gia thud<br /> dfi't va thue dfi't tflng Idn vdi mQc tUdng Qng<br /> nhu thd'<br /> <br /> TAI SAO DOANH NGHlEP K I E T S O C V A C H ( N H PHO...<br /> <br /> nfim 2007 d i n nay tflng khdng dudi 2,5 Iln.<br /> Vi cdc sac tkuevd<br /> <br /> phu thu<br /> <br /> Trudc 2007 t h i thue GTGT cho ngfinh ed<br /> khi, che tao, che bien vfl mdt loat cac ngflnh<br /> khfic dcu chi cd 5% sau dd sflc thuldUdc sQa<br /> lai tflng Idn 10% mfl t h u l GTGT Ifl t h u l<br /> danh trUc tie'p vflo doanh nghidp, phai nop<br /> ngay cdn s a u mpt thdi gian mdi dUpc khfi!^u<br /> trQ, sflc thud' nfly Iflm doanh nghidp tflng gifl<br /> thflnh tQ 6% trd len. Mpt sd'loai thue vfi phi<br /> khac cung dQdc dQa ra thi hflnh<br /> Vi giao thdng van tdi<br /> <br /> Gid ndng lUdng<br /> <br /> Gifl thflnh vfln tai tQ nflm 2007 den gid<br /> Gia nflng lUpng cua thd gidi tflng qufi cao tflng len khoang 2,5 I l n mfl nguydn nhan do<br /> dfl'y Ifl p h i n khflch quan. nhUng p h i n ehu xflng d i u tflng Idn, lai sufl't tflng eao, gia<br /> quan gifl nflng iQdng eua Vidt Nam thid'u sU nguyen vfit heu, xfiy dUng ha t i n g tflng len,<br /> on djnh, thidu ehinh sach de quan ly. Phai dd'n g i n 60 tram t h u phi dUde no' rd tren cac<br /> xdt tQng ngflnh cu t h i :<br /> dudng giao thdng. (Vi du: Mot xe ehay tQ<br /> - Ddu khi: da khai thflc vfl tu tuc dUde tram t h u phi Bflc Thflng Long dd'n trgm thu<br /> 50% lupng d i u vfl da xufi't k h a u d i u thd, phi dudng II, dudng HI, khoang each chi<br /> nhQng lgi g i n nhQ trQdc nfim 2010 thi 100% 20km). Ngofli vide md cac t r a m t h u phi tin<br /> xflng d i u dupe nhfip k h i u . NhUng ngfinh phi dudng cung tflng len theo, dudng xa Viet<br /> bfln le vfl nhfip k h a u xflng dfiu ludn ludn kdu Nam ehfl't lUdng thupc logi thfl'p nhfl't cac<br /> 16, sau n h i i u nfim bQ lo t h i Nghi dinh 84 ra nudc trong k h u vuc, nhUng Bp GTVT dang<br /> ddi Nhfi nUdc da cat Id eho xflng d i u bflng de nghi t h u mQc phi dudng vfl phi sQa chQa<br /> cflch eho xflng d i u tang gia khi nhflp k h i u bao dudng dudng vflo loai cao cua the'gidi.<br /> tflng. Song thUc td' ngflnh xfing dau ehUa<br /> Ve lao dong tien luang vd BHXH<br /> dupc quan ly theo cd chd' thi trudng thi phan<br /> nhfip khfiu g i n n h u dpc quyen, nhUng lgi<br /> Trdn Bflo chi vfl d u lufln thudng binh<br /> muon kinh doanh theo cd chd' thi trudng d i u lufln n h i i u rflng t i l n lUdng eiia Viet Nam<br /> bfin le. Td'ng hdp lai gifi xflng d i u do chu qufl thfl'p vfl dieu dd Ifl sU thflt, tuy nhidn<br /> quan vfl khfich quan tQ 2007 dd'n nay da vipe tflng lUdng, tflng bao hiem nhQng nflm<br /> tflng khoang 3 Iln.<br /> vQa rdi trai quy luflt. Nfim 2011 Bp<br /> LDTBXH dfi de nghi Thii tudng Chinh phu<br /> - Vi khai thdc ddu thd: Ifl mot ngflnh ldi<br /> ky nghi dinh tflng lUdng cho nhfin vidn khdi<br /> nhuan rfi't eao do gia d i u t h i gidi tfing len<br /> san xufi't tfing 2 I l n lUdng tdi t h i l u dfing le<br /> nhieu Iln<br /> phai cd Id trinh. Dieu n a y lam cho doanh<br /> - Ngdnh than: nhQng nam vQa qua ngflnh nghiep trong nQdc vfi doanh nghidp nUdc<br /> than deu cd lpi nhufin eao mdt p h i n do nhu ngofii bd'i rdi vi trong khi nflng sufl't lao dpng<br /> cau tidu dQng trong nude tflng, nhu e l u cQa chUa tang kip, k h i gifl thanh phai ganh<br /> cac nude trong khu vQc tang ndn gia eiia t h i n h i i u phi d i u vflo tang cao thi viec tflng tiln<br /> gidi tflng theo, nhUng cung co luc than dung lUdng td'i thieu kdo theo tfing BHXH, tang<br /> cho mpt sd ngflnh trQ ngfinh didn, thdp ... thi BHYT Iflm cho n h i i u doanh nghiep vQa vfl<br /> cfic nganh khac dang phai mua than vdi gia nhd sQ dung nhQng lao ddng gian ddn, nflng<br /> cao hdn t h a n cua Indonesia vfi gia than tQ sufi't lao dpng rfl't thfi'p phai t r a mQc iQdng<br /> <br /> E ] QUAN Lt KINH TE<br /> <br /> Sfli 47 (5+6/2012)<br /> <br /> TAl SAO DOANH NGHlEP KI$T SCC VA CHINH PHO...<br /> <br /> BHXH, BHYT theo mQc mdi cung Ifl mdt<br /> trong nhQng nguyen nhfin Iflm cho doanh<br /> nghidp sup do'. Ma mpt bfl't hpp ly nQa Ifl<br /> khdi san xufi't tang 2 I l n trong khi khoi<br /> hflnh chinh sQ nghidp tflng sau. P h i n Idn<br /> cac doanh nghidp deu cho rflng Bo LDTBXH<br /> cin d l nghi Chinh phu dUa r a cflc bidn phfip<br /> giup doanh nghiep tflng nflng sufi't lao dpng<br /> roi sau dd mdi ydu e l u tang lUdng cho ngUdi<br /> lao dpng. Trdn thUc td' thi trong kinh doanh,<br /> doanh nghidp nfio eung mud'n giQ lao ddng<br /> de dam bao sQe canh t r a n h eho ndn se<br /> khdng the tra iQdng thfi'p.<br /> Vfl nhQng nganh mang tinh phue vu nhU<br /> y te', giao due vdi sQe ep gia ca cung tang hpc<br /> phi, vidn phi. Vdi vfl'n d l nfly cac doanh<br /> nghidp bupc phai tang lUPng, tang trd cfl'p<br /> cho can bp, cdng nhfin vidn.<br /> 3. Cac loai h i n h d o a n h n g h i e p x e t<br /> t h e o d a c d i e m d a u t^X v a h o a t d o n g<br /> Neu xet tQ nflm 2007 dd'n nay khi Viet<br /> Nam gia nhfip WTO thi chung ta thfi'y xufi't<br /> hidn 3 loai hinh doanh nghidp vdi cac<br /> phUdng thQc d i u tU vfl dac diem hoat ddng<br /> khfic nhau.<br /> Logi doanh nghiep thd nhdt: Lfl eae<br /> doanh nghidp dUde d i u tu cong nghd hien<br /> dai vdi quy md thich hdp de dam bao dupe<br /> cha't lUdng cua san p h i m vfl gia thanh eanh<br /> tranh d thi trUdng trong nUde vfl the gidi.<br /> <br /> MOI TRUiPfNG KINH DOANH<br /> <br /> sufi't 6% vfio nflm 2009. Theo tinh tofln cua<br /> cac doanh nghidp nay, d i u tU thang vflo<br /> cdng nghe hidn dai, nang ehfi't lUpng san<br /> p h i m ngang quo'c te', dUa nang sufi't lao<br /> dpng Idn eao, nang cao thu nhfip ciia can bp<br /> nhan vidn, nang cao sQc cgnh tranh tQng<br /> budc vdi khu vUe.<br /> Ve vd'n phan vdn vay tQ 40- 60% eon lai<br /> vd'n chu sd hQu. NhUng d i u tU eiia nhQng<br /> doanh nghiep nfiy gap khd khan tQ giQa nflm<br /> 2010 khi Ifli sufl't tfing cao, d i u vflo eua cac<br /> nguydn vfit lieu tflng cao ndn gifi thanh xay<br /> dQng, Ifip dflt mfly mde thie't hi diu tflng len<br /> 1,5 dd'n 1,8 Iln so vdi kd' hogch, dU tofln ban<br /> d i u . Vi du: mdt doanh nghidp c i n d i u tU<br /> 1000 ty d l xay dUng nhfl xUdng vfi mua may<br /> mdc hidn dai, trong dd ngudn vay 500 ty,<br /> ngudn vd'n vay bat dau dUpc giai ngan tQng<br /> thflng 5/ 2009 vdi so' vdn vay lfl 500 ty nhUng<br /> lai sufi't tfing cao ciia nfim 2010, 2011, 2012<br /> Iflm eho du np 500 ty von vay gdc thflnh 750<br /> ty nd ngfin hflng tinh ca lai. Nguydn vfit Hdu<br /> eung tflng cao nen vd'n chu sd hQu tQ 50% da<br /> tut dan xud'ng 40% vi Idi nhufln ciia cfic nfim<br /> 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 deu giam d i n trong<br /> nhQng dfiy chuyin dang boat dpng. Ldi<br /> nhufin nfiy nhiiu luc chi du de tra Ifii ngfin<br /> hfing d mpt so' doanh nghiep may man. Cdn<br /> nhiiu doanh nghiep phai sQ dung vd'n vay vfl<br /> vd'n chu sd hQu d l tra lai Ngfin hflng.<br /> <br /> Cflc doanh nghiep logi nfiy d i u tU trong<br /> thdi ky nam 2009 vfl dau nam 2010. Loai hinh<br /> nfly p h i n Idn d i u tu theo dang tai cd cfl'u. D i u<br /> tu tUdng ddi Idn vflo dng nghd hien dai hoflc<br /> tUdng do'i hidn dgi vdi muc dich dUa ehfl't<br /> lUdng san pham len cao, san xufl't hfing loat dd<br /> ha gifl thflnh vfl chid'm linh thi trudng. Loai<br /> doanh nghidp I nay dau tu va 2 thdi ky.<br /> <br /> Loai hinh nfiy nd'u dQdc thflnh lap mdi thi<br /> vay vd'n ngan hflng khoang 70%. Ne'u dUpc<br /> d i u tu tfli cd cfl'u thi vay vd'n ngfin hflng<br /> 50%, cdn lai hy vpng se dung ldi nhufin cua<br /> cac day chuyen san xufi't san p h i m cu tra lai<br /> vfi tra gd'e cho ngfin hang trong phgm vi 3- 5<br /> nam. Loai nfly tap trung vao cflc nganh e h i<br /> tao, chd' bien n h u cd khi, san xufi't hflng hd<br /> trd, xi mang, thdp, ddng tau ...<br /> <br /> Logi d i u tU n a m 2007 gap ngay khd khfln<br /> vflo nfim 2008 vfl Nhfi nUdc hd trd vflo nam<br /> 2009, mpt so da thoat ra khdi khd khfin nam<br /> 2008, 2009. Cdn nhQng doanh nghidp d i u tQ<br /> nam 2009 - d i u nfim 2010 thi da dau tu<br /> manh dan vi dUdc Nha nUde hd trd vd'n lai<br /> <br /> Logi doanh nghiip thU hai: Lfl cac doanh<br /> nghiep khdng c i n dau tU hofic d i u tQ nhd<br /> da'y Ifi ngflnh fin uong, lUdng thUe thUe<br /> pham (phfin phdi ban le thit, rau qua). Mdt<br /> so' dich vu khac may mac q u l n fio, cflt tdc,<br /> Iflm dep, trong mot sd' loai cay trong chu yd'u<br /> <br /> Stf 47 (5+6/2012)<br /> <br /> QUAN LY KINH TE<br /> <br /> ^<br /> <br /> i'i^iilH Mfll TRirftNG KINH DOANH<br /> <br /> de ban trong nUdc nhU rau qua, nudi mpt so'<br /> loai gia elm: lpn, bd ... vdi quy md nhd.<br /> P h i n Idn loai hinh doanh nghidp nfly rdi<br /> vfio giai doan d i u tU tQ nflm 2007 khi mfl<br /> Viet Nam gia nhfip WTO, cac doanh nghidp<br /> nay md rdng d i u tU d l hdi nh§p vdi quy m6<br /> d i u tu nhd, cdng nghd khdng hi^n dgi n i u<br /> phfl san thi tfic dpng cung khdng Idn.<br /> Logi doanh nghiep thU ha Lfl logi hinh<br /> doanh nghidp nQa thi trQdng, nQa bao cfi'p<br /> nhQ xflng d i u , didn, e l u dQdng ... vfl mdt s6'<br /> ngan hflng thQdng mai.<br /> NhQng doanh nghidp nfly cung mgnh dan<br /> d i u tu theo kd' hoach cua Nhfl nUdc, thUdng<br /> khdng cd nguy cd pha san bdi cd Nhfi nUdc ho<br /> trp. Vi du: ngflnh didn d i u tU neu Id thi Nhfi<br /> nQdc tim cflch bQ lo, khoanh nd. Cdn ddi sd'ng<br /> ciia Cfln bd edng nhfin vidn vfin c6 thu nhflp<br /> thupc loai cao. Ngflnh xflng d i u cung tQdng tQ<br /> nhu thi. Ngfinh ngan hfing thi tQ nflm 2007<br /> de'n gid so' lUdng phfit triln Idn gfl'p 3 Iln, md<br /> ra mpt cupc chay dua d i u ra d i u vflo thfit nao<br /> loan trdn thi trUdng. NhUng de cho cfic doanh<br /> nghidp Ngfin hfing sd'ng dUdc thi thdi ky 5<br /> nflm vQa roi Thd'ng dd'c Ngfin hfing chi khd'ng<br /> che' dau vay vflo (menh Idnh hflnh chinh d i u<br /> vfio) cdn tha cQa cho d i u ra. Trong dilu kidn<br /> cd c h i nhu the' thi chflng ngan hang nflo dai gi<br /> mfl khdng tfing ca 2 d i u vi ldi nhufin cua<br /> minh. Day lfl mot bfli hpc v l dilu hflnh ngan<br /> hflng theo kieu nQa hflnh chinh, nQa thi<br /> trUdng. VQa qua Thd'ng doc Ngan hflng<br /> Nguyin Vfln Binh dang dua ra nhQng giai<br /> phfip dd tfii cfi'u tnic ngflnh ngan hflng, song<br /> vdi n i n kinh te vide tfii cfl'u true ngan hfing da<br /> qua mudn, dfing Id phai Iflm tQ cudi nflm<br /> 2010. Tai cfi'u true lfl bien phfip lau dfli, cdn<br /> giai phfip hg lai suSCt ngan hflng theo nhip dd<br /> mdi thang 0,5%- 1% tQ nay den thang 9 theo<br /> nhip dp giam eiia tang trudng CPI lfl rapt bidn<br /> phap cQu nen kinh t l , cQu doanh nghiep va<br /> cQu ca Ngan hang. Theo chung tdi tQ 01/ 10<br /> n i u lai sufi't vay von cua doanh nghiep khdng<br /> nfim trong khoang 8- 10% thi cac giai phap<br /> khfic cua Chi'nh Phu, cua Bp Tai chinh khdng<br /> <br /> E l QUANLtKINHTt<br /> <br /> TAI SAO DOANH NGHl£P KlgT SCTC VA_CHfNH PHp..<br /> <br /> du Hlu vfl l$ch pha, thid'u dong bd.<br /> 4. K i e n n g h i v l m o t s o g i a i p h a p ciifu<br /> d o a n h nghii^p<br /> Trong thdi gian tdi nhQng giai phap mfi<br /> Chinh phii dQa ra c i n phai dong bp vfl phii<br /> hpp vdi tQng loai hinh doanh nghidp.<br /> Trdn thQc t l thi cflc doanh nghiip logi<br /> tha nhdt p h i n Idn d i u cd muc dich dung<br /> dfin, hp dQa vflo chinh sach k h u y i n khich<br /> ciia Nhfl nQdc dQpc t h i hi$n bfing nhiiu vfin<br /> ban nhQ Qu dai san xufi't hflng cd khi trpng<br /> d i i m qud'c gia, san xufl't hfing cdng nghd eao,<br /> cd khi c h i tao. S a n xufi't cac san phflm mui<br /> nhpn vfl s a n p h i m qud'c gia. D i u tQ cdng<br /> nghe hi^n dgi vdi n h i i u dfiy chuyin san<br /> xufl't hflng logt. NhUng khdng may doi vdi<br /> cfic doanh nghidp logi nfiy Ifi dang d i u tu del<br /> dang, Ifli sufi't tfing cao tQ 2,5 d i n 3 Iln so<br /> vdi tinh tofln ban d i u , gia nguyen vflt lidu,<br /> dfl't dai, xay dUng d i u tflng len, cac loai t h u l<br /> phi d i u tflng Idn Iflm cho tong von du toan<br /> d i u t u tflng len n h i i u so vdi dU toan. Khi<br /> dUa day c h u y i n vflo san xufl't thQ do nhQng<br /> nguydn nhfin trdn day mfl gia thflnh khd<br /> cgnh t r a n h vdi cflc doanh nghidp trong khu<br /> vQc vfl cac doanh nghidp FDL Chinh phu<br /> c i n cd bidn phap, giai phap khac dflc bidt<br /> hdn ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep loai nfly. Mpt<br /> so' bidn phap sau c i n thQc hidn:<br /> 1) Chinh phii c i n chi thi cho cflc Bp, dia<br /> phQdng thQc hien cflc q u y l t dinh, nghi dinh<br /> nhQ: bu lai sufl't eho doanh nghidp, mien<br /> giam t i l n thud d&t dai, mflt bflng nhQ chinh<br /> sach da b a n hflnh. Hg thue GTGT d giai<br /> doan 5 nflm d i u san xufi't tQ 1- 5%. Vfl tQ<br /> nfim thQ 6 trd di hay nghien cQu thud'GTGT<br /> cua loai hinh nfly bflng trung binh cua cac<br /> nQdc trong khu vQc. Cac doanh nghiep nay<br /> c i n phai dQdc vay vdn ngan hflng giam dan<br /> vfl sau 0 1 / 09 se khdng qua 8% (van la gip 2<br /> I l n mQc trung binh cua cac nQdc trong khu<br /> vUc). D i l u nfly cd t h i lam dQdc bdi vi gia<br /> xflng d i u . t h i gidi da ha, kinh te da giam<br /> phflt, thi trQdng cd n h u c i u thfi'p vi the CPI<br /> tQ nay d i n t h a n g 9 giam d i n . Chiing tdi dQ<br /> <br /> SO 47 (5+6/2012)<br /> <br /> TAI SAO DOANH NGHlEP KIET SCTC VA CHfNH P H 0 „<br /> <br /> dofln rflng CPI eua thflng 9/ 2012 so vdi eung<br /> ky' 2011 khoang 5- 6% nd'u Nhfl nUdc giQ I n<br /> dinh gia didn va ha gia xfing d i u , d'n mpt so'<br /> nguon d i u vao khae.<br /> 2) Dd'i vdi cac doanh nghiep dang d i u tU<br /> hoflc d i u tu xong dang san xufl't thQ, doanh<br /> nghidp chUa cd lai hofic dang md rdng tid'p<br /> thi tQ 2- 5 nam nQa mdi cd lai thi Nha nUde<br /> nen cho dan np bflng ngfin sach chQ khdng<br /> phai bfing vo'n ngfin hflng. Vi ne'u bfing vd'n<br /> ngfin hflng thi ngan hflng tinh bflng np qufi<br /> han, doanh nghiep tra lai sufl't cao hoflc<br /> khdng cdn vd'n thue' chfl'p.<br /> Ddi vdi cdc doanh nghiep logi thU hai thi<br /> giai phap dan thud' GTGT, dan thue' thu<br /> nhfip doanh nghidp, hd trd de cflc doanh<br /> nghiep tdn tai; cac doanh nghidp duy tri lao<br /> dpng cd nghiep vu dupe hudng Ifii sufl't giam<br /> din de'n 10% vao 1/9 nfim 2012.<br /> Ddi vdi cdc doanh nghiep logi thd ba thi<br /> do dUde Uu dai cho ndn cd rfi't n h i i u ldi thd'<br /> vfl it gap khd khfln. Vdi cfic doanh nghidp<br /> nang lUdng nhu d i u khi, dien thi vfin la nQa<br /> bao cfi'p nQa thi trUdng, van edn tinh trang<br /> doe quyin. Do t i m quan trpng cua nhQng<br /> doanh nghidp nfly nen bang cflch gi Nhfl<br /> nUdc cung se khdng de xay ra tinh trang phfl<br /> san. Tuy nhien Chinh phu can kidm sofit<br /> chat che cac doanh nghiep nay de t r a n h tinh<br /> trang tang gifl dot xua't gfiy khd khfin cho<br /> cae doanh nghidp khac.<br /> Cac doanh nghidp xfiy dUng ha t i n g giao<br /> thdng, bd'n cang theo dU toan ban d i u thi<br /> gia thflnh cac cdng trinh sau 2 nam d i u<br /> dupe NN duyet tang Idn 20- 50% vi du<br /> dudng cao td'c C i u Gid - Ninh Binh dQ toan<br /> 20 tridu USD/ km, nhQng khi hofin thflnh cd<br /> the len 30 tridu USD, Vfl cac edng trinh giao<br /> thdng thi chfi't iQdng khdng tflng Idn mfl<br /> giam di, nhQ dudng C i u Gie- Ninh Binh mdi<br /> chay thQ n h i i u doan chay 70km/ h xe da<br /> xud'ng cfl'p nghiem trpng, chac chfin ehfl't<br /> iQdng eung chi nhQ dudng Phap Van - Cau<br /> Gid, dd'n n a m thQ 2, thQ 3 se dQdc sQa chQa<br /> <br /> So 47 (5+6/2012)<br /> <br /> MOI Tfltf&NG KIHH DDANH [ | | ] J 1<br /> lidn tue. Vdi loai doanh nghiep nay Nhfl<br /> nude nen co cP c h i quan ly chat ehe hdn<br /> bflng lufit phap v l ehfl't lUdng. Vl gifl thanh<br /> ndn cong khai dfl'uthlu tQng doan 5- 10 km<br /> vdi n h i i u doanh nghiep thupc eac thflnh<br /> p h i n kinh te vdi nhieu kha nflng vo'n khflc<br /> nhau tham gia, Iflm nhU the vQa dam bao<br /> tid'n dp, chfi't lupng vfi gifl thflnh.<br /> Loai hinh doanh nghiep ngfln hflng: song<br /> song vdi tai cd cfi'u khi nflo lai sufi't d i u vflo<br /> dudi 9% thi Thd'ng dd'c Ngfin hflng nen de lai<br /> sufi't d i u vfio, d i u ra theo cd e h i thi trUdng.<br /> Phai chfi'p nhfin cho phfl san nhQng ngfin<br /> hflng boat dpng thua 16 do ehinh each Iflm<br /> chu quan cua hp vfl ngflnh ngan hang c i n<br /> phai tfli cd cfl'u trong 2 nfim 2012- 2013.<br /> Ngfiy 10/5 nam 2012 vQa qua, Chinh phu<br /> chinh thQc ban hfinh Nghi quyd't 13 v l cac<br /> giai phap thao gd kho khan cho san xufi't<br /> kinh doanh, hd trp thi trQdng. Thu tudng<br /> thong qua gdi hd trp 29.000 ty dong eho<br /> doanh nghidp Quyd't dinh nay dUdc dUa ra<br /> trong bd'i canh san xufi't kinh doanh trong<br /> nhQng thfing d i u nfim gap nhiiu khd khan,<br /> sQc mua cua thi trUdng giam, n i n kinh td' cd<br /> tang trUdng nhUng tdc doe tang thfi'p hdn so<br /> eung ky nflm 2011. Theo do, gdi giai phflp<br /> nfly bao gdm vide gia ban nop thud' gifi tri<br /> gia tang (VAT), thue thu nhgp doanh nghiep<br /> (TNDN) dd'i vdi mot so'doanh nghiep...<br /> Cfic nguon t i l n mfl Chinh phu sQ dung de<br /> dua kinh te' ra khdi suy thoai nfly day td'c dp<br /> tfing trUdng len dd quy vd'n cd the dat 6- 7%i<br /> thi hdp Iy nhfl't lfl Chinh phu dung tin phieu<br /> cua cac Ngan hflng vfl dilu hanh tiln td<br /> nhay cam chQ khdng ndn thfit chat qufi lau<br /> rdi Igi ndi Idng cung qua lau. Cd thd giam<br /> dQpc lai sufi't tQng thflng mpt d mQe 0,5% 1%/ thfing vfl khi can thi d i l u ehinh tang<br /> theo tQng thang chQ khdng phai dilu chinh<br /> theo tQng quy, tQng nfim.<br /> Rfi't mong Chinh phu lflng nghe y kiln<br /> cua doanh nghidp d l cd nhQng dilu ehinh<br /> chinh sach hdp Iy.<br /> <br /> QUAN Lt KINH TE Q I<br /> <br />