VAI TRO NHA NlfflC BOI Vdl PAU TU KHOA HQC.<br />
<br />
NGHl£MC(ilUTPflnntfi ^ ^ J<br />
<br />
VAI TRO NHA NUdC DOI Vdl DAU T l / KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHE TAI<br />
DOANH NGHIEP HA N O I<br />
Nguyin Thi Nguyft * Bd Thu Trang**<br />
T6mtat<br />
to quan trpng trong tien trinh hOi nhdp va la<br />
Ddi mdi cdng nghe d doanh nghiip da dugc d6ng luc ciia qua trinh phdt trien nhaiih va ben<br />
Nhd nudc quan tdm vdi hdng loat chinh sdch vd vGng. Di8u nay dupe cu thS hoa bdng vi$c t^o<br />
chuang trinh hd trg trong thai gian qua. Tuy Idp khun^ phdp \f, hinh th^ih co che chinh sach<br />
nhiin, cdc chuang trinh hd trg chua thuc su thu de thiic day qua trinh doi moi cong nghS cho n6n<br />
hiit s{r quan tdm cua doanh nghiep. Doanh kinh ti cimg nhu doanh nghidp.<br />
nghiip Hd Ndi cdn nhiiu khd khan trong tiip<br />
Cho dSn nay, da co nhiSu chinh sdch phdt triSn<br />
can chinh sdch, thdng tin, viec thuc thi chinh khoa hpc c6ng nghS nhung kha nang cac doanh<br />
sdch con nhieu khd khan trong thuc te, hoat nghiep ti6p can nhiing ehinh sdch h6 trg vd cac<br />
ddng nghien cuu vd phdt trien chi mang tinh chuong trinh mi dai ciia Chfnh phii con han ch6.<br />
hinh thirc vd chua dugc chu trgng a doanh Ty^ 16 nhiing doanh nghidp tham gia chuong<br />
nghiep. Ddi m&i cdng nghi Id cong viec cua trinh h6 trp cua Chinh phii c6n rdt khidm tdn<br />
chinh doanh nghiip, xudt phdt tie nhu cdu phdt (dudi 10%), do n^dn luc eua bdn thdn doanh<br />
triin ben vimg cua doanh nghiep vd doanh nghidp hi han chd hoac do chinh saeh chuong<br />
nghiep chinh la chu thi thuc kiin ddi mai cdng trinh cua Nha nuoc con dan trai, nhieu rao cdn<br />
nghe, Nhd nudc chi vai tro ddn ddt, hd trg, qudn hdnh chinh, n ^ g co chd xin cho (Nguyen Thi<br />
ly vd khuyin khich cdc thdnh phdn kinh te cung Minh NghTa, 2015). Cdc doanh nghiep ciing<br />
tham gia ddi mdi cdng nghi. Tuy nhien,\nhieu nhu cdc CO quan nhd nudc chua chii trpng thuc<br />
doanh nghiip VietNam quy md con nho vd tiem hien cong tac R&D md chi coi Id hoat ddng<br />
luc yiu, chinh vi vdy Nhd nudc ddng vai tro mang tinh them thdt (Worid Bank, 2014). Sir<br />
quan trgng trong viec ho trg doanh nghiep tiep lien kdt giiia doanh nghi6p vd cac co quan<br />
cgn thong tin ve cdc chinh sdch, hd trg huy dgng nghien ciiu con long leo. Theo mdt khao sat ciia<br />
cdc ngudn luc cho ddu tu ddi m&i, hgp tdc ddu Vien Nghidn ciiu Qudn ly Kinh td Trung uong<br />
tu khoa hgc vd cdng nghe v&i doanh nghiep, (CIEM) vd Ngdn hang Thd gioi, chl khodng 1 %<br />
lam "cdu ndi" giiea cdc nhd khoa hoc cong hop tdc voi cdc vidn nghidn ciiu, trucmg dai hpc<br />
nghe vd doanh nghiep, phdt huy tdi da tiem lyre(World B^ik 2014). Do vdy, co thd nhdn thdy,<br />
trong doanh nghiep vd cdc thdnh phdn kinh te miic dd ket ndi giiia cac trung tam, vidn nghidn<br />
de hd trg tot nhdt cho doanh nghiep ddu tu cho ciiu voi cac doanh nghidp hidn nay chua thdt su<br />
ddi m&i cdng nghe.<br />
chat che. Da sd cac td chiic nghien ciiu cua Nha<br />
Ttr khoa: Ddu tu, d6i moi, khoa hoc va cong nuoc chi hpp tac vdi doanh nghiep den khi kdt<br />
thuc de tai nghien cuu, ndn doanh nghiep gap<br />
nghe, doanhnghigp.<br />
kho khan trong viec trien khai san pham vao<br />
thuc tien.<br />
l.mtyknal<br />
Thdm vao do, cac dia phuong cdn thidu chi<br />
Trong boi cdnh todn cdu hoa va canh tranh<br />
ngay cang gay gdt hiSn nay, dfii moi c6ng ngh6 ddng va quyet tam trong viec the che hda va td<br />
de ton tai va phat trien Id nhu cdu vd doi hoi tdt chiic thuc Men cac chii truong, chinh sach vd<br />
yeu doi voi doanh nghiep moi quoc gia. Trong KH&CN. Sv phdi hpp giua cac so, ban, ngdnh<br />
suot gdn 30 nam doi m6i. Dang vd Nha nut5^c ta con thilu ch|t chd, chua cd co che thuc thi dong<br />
h6t siic coi trpng vai tro cua khoa hge eong nghe bp trong vi6c tridn khai cac co che, chinh sach<br />
trong sir nghiSp c6ng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa phdt triln KH&CN, hd trp ddi mdi cdng nghd<br />
dat mr6c, vd xac dinh khoa hpc cong nghe la yeu cho doanh nghiep. Vide ddu tu ddi mdi vd<br />
* Nguyin Thi Nguyef, Tien sT, Pho tong bien tap Tap chi Quan ly Vinli te.<br />
** Be Thu Trang, Thac si, \^$n NghiSn ciiu qudn 1^ kinh tS Trung uong.<br />
So 67(5+6/2015)<br />
<br />
QUANLYKINHTf [ Q<br />
<br />
^M^<br />
<br />
NBHIEN ciiu TRAO OQI<br />
<br />
chuydn giao cdng nghe phdi do doMih nghidp<br />
quydt dinh Id chinh, nhimg chfnh sdch cua Nhd<br />
nudre vdn dong vai tro quan trpng trong didu<br />
kidn tidm luc KHCN cua doanh nghiep con ydu.<br />
Co thd nhdn thdy, Nha nu6e ehua thuc su phdt<br />
huy hieu qua vai tro cila minh trong vide tao<br />
dieu kidn cimg nhir thiic ddy DN ddu tu ddi mdi<br />
c d n g n g h d ^ M C N ) D a c b i d t , t u tuong bao cdp,<br />
ndng CO chd xin-cho trong thuc hidn cac<br />
chuong trinh hd trp cua Nha nudc vdn con tdn<br />
tai. Chinh vi vdy, cdn phdi tiep tuc nghiSn ciiu<br />
vai tro cua Nha nucfc trong vide thiic ddy doanh<br />
nghiep ddu tu vao ddi moi cdng nghd trong<br />
tuong lai. Bai nghien ciiu nay thupc de tai<br />
nghien ciiu cdp thanh phd "Ddi mdi dau tu khoa<br />
hpc va cdng nghe de doanh nghidp Hd Ndi phdt<br />
hidn bdn vung", nm s6 01X-10/10-2bl4-2,<br />
dupe tai trg boi Sdf Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghd Ha<br />
Ndi.<br />
2. ThiTC trang cac chinh sach cua Nha<br />
nu'6'c ho trff doanh nghiep dau tir K H C N<br />
2.1. Tdng quan chung vi cdc chinh sdch hd<br />
trg doanh nghiip HdNdi ddu tuKHCN<br />
Chinh sdch cua Nhd nudc<br />
Trong nhiing nam gdn ddy, hang loat cdc<br />
chinh sach cua Chinh phu dupc ban hanh,<br />
khuyen khich doanh nghiep tang cuong ddu tu<br />
KHCN, nang cao nang luc nghien ciiu vd phdt<br />
trien, tu do nang cao nang luc cdng nghd vd<br />
quan tri doanh nghiep.<br />
Ve cac Luat, nghi dinh vd quydt dinh eua<br />
Chinh phu:<br />
- Nghi dinh 95/2014/ND-CP neu ro doanh<br />
nghidp nhd nuoc hang nam phdi trich tii 3 % den<br />
10% thu nhap tinh thue thu nhdp doanh nghiep<br />
dd lap quy phdt trien KHCN cua doanh nghiep.<br />
Doanh ngjuep ngoai nha nuoc dupc quyen trich<br />
tu thu nhfip tinh thue thu nhap doanh nghiep mpt<br />
ty Id hpp ly, tdi da 10% dd lap Quy phat hidn<br />
KHCN cua doanhnghiep.<br />
- Quydt dinh 592/QD-TTg nam 2012 Chuong<br />
trinh hd tro phdt tridn doanh nghiep khoahpc va<br />
cdng nghd vd td chiic khoa hpc va cdng nghd<br />
cdng lap thuc hidn co chd tir chu, tu chiu trdch<br />
nhiem.<br />
- Nghi dinh sd 56/2009/ND-CP, quy dinh cae<br />
ehinh saeh trp giiip va qudn ly Nha nudfc vd trg<br />
[Q<br />
<br />
QUANLfKINHTE<br />
<br />
VAI TRO NHA NUfiC flgl Vfll OAU Tif KHOA HQCgiup phdt tridn doanh nghiep, thdnh lap Quy<br />
phat hidn D N N W dd tai trg cac chuong trmh<br />
giiip n ^ g cao nang luc c anh tranh cho D N N W ,<br />
chii trpng hd trp hoat ddng ddi mdi trang thidt hi<br />
ky thudt, cdng nghe tidn tidn, ndng cao nang l^c<br />
quan tri doanh nghiep, tdi trg kinh phi cho cac<br />
chuang trinh, cdc du an cho D N N W ;<br />
- Nghi dinh 119 cua Chmh phii nam 1999<br />
khuydn khich, uu dai cho DN ddu tu vao cac<br />
hoat ddng nghidn cuu vd phat trien.<br />
Ha Ndi thd Men quydt tdm cdi thidn mdi<br />
truong KHCN qua viec duy tri 2 % ngdn sach<br />
cho KHCN, hudng tdi nam 2020 se danh 2,5%<br />
ngdn sdch thanh pho cho hoat dpng ndy, t£io<br />
them didu kidn thuan lpi phdt huy tiem luc<br />
KHCN. Chuong trinh khoa hpc vd cdng nghe<br />
trpng didm cua Thu dd giai doan 2015 - 2020,<br />
tridn khai chuong trinh nghidn ciiu, phat trien<br />
cac sdn phdm cong nghe miii nhgn phu hpp vdi<br />
kinh td xd hdi cua Thii do; dong thdi Hd Ndi co<br />
chuong trinh hd trg doanh nghiep su dung nang<br />
lugng tidt kidm vd xtr ly d nhidm mdi trudng,<br />
chuong trinh hd trg doanh nghidp xdy dung<br />
nhan hidu hang hda, phat trien tdi sdn so hiiu trf<br />
tud.<br />
Quydt dinh 4094/QD-UBND phe duyet<br />
chuong trinh hd trp lai suat sau ddu tu cho cac<br />
doanh nghidp trdn dia bdn Thanh phd nam 2014.<br />
Cu thd, Ha Ndi se hd trp lai sudt sau ddu tu ddi<br />
vdi cdc khodn vay tnmg vd ddi han (tii 1 nam trcf<br />
len) bang VND eho cac doanh n g ^ p p sii dung<br />
ngudn vdn vay cila cdc td chiic tm dung dd thuc<br />
hidn cac du an dau tu mcd, dau tu chidu sau, m o<br />
rpng du an, doi mdi cdng nghd, thidt hi... vdi<br />
miic hd trp lai suat la 0,2%/thang (Nguydn Diic,<br />
2014). Cung voi do, TP Ha Ndi dd td chiic nhidu<br />
chuang trinh hd trp DN, nhu: Chuang trinh hd<br />
trp DN phdt tridn cdng nghiep chu luc, cdng<br />
nghd cao, vd hd trg lang nghe; hd trg DN xiic<br />
tidn thuong mai; hd trg lai sudt tin dung; hd trg<br />
thdng qua chinh sach thud; chlnh sdch bat dpng<br />
sdn; hd trg dao tao, tu van eho DN.<br />
Nam 2013, Ha Npi phe duydt Chuang trinh<br />
hd trg doanh nghiep ddi mdi cdng nghe, iing<br />
dung khoa hpc ^ thudt tien tien, day manh ddu<br />
tu vao cac san phdm, mat hang cd the manh cua<br />
Ha Ndi. Chuong trinh hd trp cdc doanh nghidp,<br />
ca so cdngnghiep sdn xuat ra cdc san phdm, mat<br />
Stf 67 (5+6/2015)<br />
<br />
VAI TRO NHA NIfflC Ptfl V6l BAU T U KHOA HQC.<br />
<br />
hdng c6 thd manh ve khoa hpc cdng nghd, eu thd<br />
Id cdc ho^t ddng nghidn ciiu khoa hpc vd phdt<br />
tridn cdng nghe; hd trg tu via chuydn giao cdng<br />
nghd, thdng tin, xiic tidn thuong mai; hd trp dao<br />
tao, huan luyen kidn thiie qudn ly cdng nghd cho<br />
ddi ngu cdn bp qudn ly, cdn bd ky thuat; hd trg<br />
kmh phi, Iai sudt vay dd doanh nghidp ddi mdi,<br />
ndng cao nang l^c cdng nghd.... Ha Npi dlit muc<br />
tidu tdc dd ddi mcd cong ngh$, thidt bi dat 1217%/nam giai d o ^ 2011-2015 va dat hen 20%<br />
giai d o ^ 2016-2020 tai cdc doanh nghidp tren<br />
dia bdn thanhph6(Anh Dung, 2013).<br />
Ngodi cdc van bdn phap luEit cua Thdnhphd,<br />
cdn CO hoat dgng tai trp vd hd trg cdc DN dau tu<br />
DMCN thdng qua cac quy nhu Quy ddu tu phat<br />
tridn thanh phd, Quy phat tridn KHCN thanh<br />
phd voi Idi sudt uu dai. Nhung td chiic ddu tu<br />
phdt tridn cdng nghd, chuyin giao kdt qua<br />
nghien ciiu KHCN nhdm tang nang sudt-chat<br />
lupng san phdm, bdo ve mdi trudng cd thd dugc<br />
QuS* phat ttiln KHCN cho vay tdi 80% tdng<br />
miic ddu tu cua du an vdi lai suat cho vay chi<br />
bang 10% miic Iai suat cho vay trung va dai han<br />
binh qudn ciia ngan hang thuong mai cd phdn<br />
nhd nude. Ddng Ihdi, dugc ngan sach Ihanh phd<br />
hd trg true tiep 30% gia tri hpp ddng mua bi<br />
quyet cdng nghd, giai phap ky thuat quy trinh<br />
cdng nghe, thiet kd ky thuat thudc cac ITnh vuc<br />
va loai hmh cdng nghd cao dupe uu tien nghidn<br />
ciiu va phat trien.<br />
Ddi vdi nhiing dd tai, du an ngiiien ciiu iing<br />
dung va trien khai thuc nghiem, Quy phat tridn<br />
KHCN thanh phd cho vay miie 30% tdng miic<br />
ddu tu voi lai suat 0% trong thdi gian thuc hien<br />
dd tdi, du an. Sau khi cd ket qua iing dung mang<br />
I^ hidu qua, tac gia de tai, du an ed the dugc<br />
ngdn sdch Thanh phd hd trp 30% tdng kinh phi<br />
thuc hidn trong giai doan iing dun^ (Khanh<br />
Chdu, 2014). Nhiing doanh nghiep dau tu xay<br />
dung ha tdng vd dich vu KHCN cd dp dung cdng<br />
nghe than thien vdi mdi tru6ng, cdng nghd tidt<br />
kiem nang lugng, tiet kiem dat se dugc hudng<br />
uu dai d miic cao nhdt theo quy dinh ciia Chinh<br />
phii, vd dugc vay vdn tCr Quy dau tu phat trien<br />
thdnh phd, Quy phdt triln KHCN thanh phd voi<br />
lai suat uu dai.<br />
Quydt dinh sd 2495/QD-UBND ngdy<br />
10/4/2013 ciia Thanh phd Ha Ndi, vl vide hd trg<br />
Stf 67 (5+6/2015)<br />
<br />
NBHlSHGliUTP''""^'<br />
<br />
^ ^ 3<br />
<br />
lai sudt sau ddu tu cho cdc doanh nghidp cua<br />
thdnhphd. Theo do, ngdn sdch thdnh phd ho trg<br />
ldi sudt sau ddu tu ddi vdi cdc khoan vay trung<br />
va dai han (tu mdt ndm trd len) cho cdc doanh<br />
nghidp Hd Ndi, sii dung ngu^n vdn vay cua cac<br />
td chiic tin dyng de tiiuc hidn du an ddu tu mdi,<br />
ddu tu chilu sdu, md rdng du an, ddi mdi ky<br />
thudt, cdng nghd, thidt bi trdn dia ban.<br />
Kd hoach sd i31/KH-UBNDngd)' 13/8/2013<br />
ciia Hd Ndi vd Trg giiip phdt hien DNNW<br />
trong ITnh vuc cdng nghidp hd trg trdn dia bdn<br />
thdnh phd giai dogn 2013-2020, trong do cd ndi<br />
dung xdy dung vu6n uom doanh nghidp ngdnh<br />
ca khi che tao, uom tao cdc doanh nghidp khdi<br />
nghidp va doanh nghidp tre trong nganh co khi<br />
chd tao, tu vdn, hd trg ky thudt vd xdy dung cac<br />
chuong trinh ddo tao cho cdc doanh nghidp uom<br />
tao, xay dung cac trung tam hd trp ky thuat Imh<br />
vuc cdng nghiep hd hp.<br />
Ha Ndi da chii ddng khai thac ngudn luc cua<br />
dOi ngu tri thiic trdn dia ban thd hien qua Nghi<br />
quydt sd 04/NQ-HDND ngay 12-7-2013 cila<br />
HDND thdnh phd vd "Chfnh sach uu dai dp<br />
dyng ddi vdi td chuc, ca nhan dau tu phat tridn<br />
KH&CN, cung cac nha KH-CN tham gia thuc<br />
hien chuang trinh khoa hpc va cdng nghd trpng<br />
dilm ciia Thu do" da dua ra nhieu chd dd uu ddi<br />
vdi cac nha khoa hpc trong nudc va ngoai nudc,<br />
dp dung CO che khoan gpn theo khdi lugng cdng<br />
vide va chat lupng dau ra san pham.<br />
Quylt dinh sd 5692/QD-UBND nam 2010<br />
cua UBND thdnh phd Ha Ndi phd duydt kd<br />
hoach hd trp doMih nghiep nho vd viia trdn dia<br />
ban Thdnh phd giai doan 2011-2015 tang cudng<br />
khd nang eanh tranh bang each hd trp doanh<br />
nghiep khac phuc nhung thieu hut ve kien thiic,<br />
ky nang va thdng tin bang cdc khoa dao tao ngdn<br />
han, cac lap quan tri doanh nghiep va dao tao<br />
kien thiic giam ddc dieu hanh.<br />
2.2. Thuc trgng cdc DN HdNdi thuc hiin cdc<br />
chinh sdch hd trg DMCN<br />
Tu nam 2008-2013, Ha Ndi chi khodng 3.000<br />
ty' ddng ngdn sdch cho hosit ddng KHCN. Trong<br />
giai doan 2008-2014. Thdnh phd da hidn khai<br />
616 de tai nghien curu vd 56 d\r dn san xuat thii<br />
nghiem thudc cac chuang trinh KHCN cap<br />
thdnh phd. Ty Id iing dung thuc tien cua cac dd<br />
tdi dat 70% vd ciia du an la 100% (Khdnh Chdu,<br />
QUANLYKINHTI [ Q<br />
<br />
BBCT<br />
<br />
N6Hl£HCliUlBflOBtfl<br />
<br />
2014). Nhiing chfnh sdch ciia thdnh phd dua ra<br />
da khuyen khich, ddng vien cae co sd sdn xuat,<br />
cdc doanh nghiep, td chiic, cd nhdn nghidn ciiu<br />
khoa hpc vd ddi mdi cdng nghd. Hoat ddng<br />
nghien ciiu khoa hpc vd phat trien cdng nghe da<br />
gin kdt hon vdi thuctidnsdn xudt, kinh doanh.<br />
Thanh phd t$p tnmg vao vide hd hp cdc doanh<br />
nghiep nghidn ciiu hoan thidn, phdt tridn cac san<br />
phdm mdi cd khd nang canh tranh vd md rdng<br />
thi trudfng; nghien ciiu, chd tao ra mdt sd day<br />
chuydn cdng nghd thidt hi ddng bd, hidn dgi dap<br />
ling nhu cdu trong nudc, thay thd nhdp khdu (Tri<br />
thiic vdPhdt hiin, 2015).<br />
Tronghainam2013-2014, HdNdi da hd trg<br />
cho cac doanh nghiep 170 ty, tuy nhidn t^ Id gidi<br />
ngan hong gdi hd trp doanh nghidp nam 2013<br />
dat thdp (6,7%) do nhiduDN khd khdn hong san<br />
xudt kmh doanh ddc biet la ddu ra sdn phdm tidu<br />
thil ch$m, ndn rdt it doanh nghiep mgnh dem ddu<br />
tu cho sdn xudt. Viec hd tip lai suit theo chinh<br />
sdch ciia thdnh phd d miic 2,4%/ndm chl gidm<br />
dugc phan nao lai sudt ngdn hang (1819%/nam), vi vay ciing chua khuyen khich<br />
doanh nghiep vay vdn md rdng san xudt. Hon<br />
nua, mdt sd doanh nghidp khdng dap iing cdc<br />
di6u kidn hong cac quy ^nh ciia thanh phd vd<br />
hd hg lai suat sau ddu tu nhu: ng thud, ng bdo<br />
hidmxahdi (MinhAnh, 2014).<br />
Mac du nhieu DN tien dia ban Hd Ndi da co<br />
nhiing ed gdng trong hoat dgng diu tu sdn xudt,<br />
kinh doanh, my nhien, trudc khd khan chung<br />
cila nin kinh td, DN rdt cdn dupc hd tig dac bidt<br />
la vl CO che, chinh saeh. Tuy nhidn, viectidpcan<br />
ngudn ydn vay trong qua trinh ddu tu md rdng<br />
san xudt gap nhilu kho khan... Trong nam<br />
2014, Chuang trinh kdt ndi ngdn hang - DN da<br />
kdt ndi cho 5 DN dugc ngdu hang cho vay 265 ty<br />
ddng vdi lai sudt uu dai, 25 DN dupc vay vdn,<br />
dieu chinh lai sudt cho vay vdi sd tiln la 1.056 ty<br />
ddng, lai suat 6-8% ddi vdi cac khodn vay ngdn<br />
han vd 8 -10,5% ddi vdi cac khodn trung va dai<br />
han... HoELt ddng ndy da gdp j)hdn thdo gd khd<br />
khan, vudng mdc giiip DN ddy mgnh sdn xudt,<br />
kmh doanh yd xudtkhau.(LeNam 2015).<br />
Cdc CO chl, chinh sach hd trg DMCN ciia Nha<br />
nudc va thanh phd Hd Ndi tuong ddi phong phii<br />
vd toan dien, tao didu kidn thu^ Ipi hon cho<br />
doanh nghidp vd cae nhd khoa hpe tiong hoat<br />
[Q<br />
<br />
QUANUKINHTI<br />
<br />
VAITRb NHA NUdc DOI Vfll DAU T U KHOA HQC.<br />
<br />
dpng KHCN. Tuy nhidn, kit qud dgt dupe van<br />
chua tuong xiing vdi lpi thd vd tidm nang cila<br />
thanh ph6. Thdi gian gdn day, cdc DN dd manh<br />
d ^ dau tu nhilu hon vdo KHCN, tuy nhien do<br />
nang luc hdp thu cdng nghd ylu, cdc rdo can vd<br />
lai sudt, tdi san thi chdp vd quy trhih thu tuc<br />
phiic tgp ndn nhilu DN con e nggi ddn tdi vide<br />
cham tid ddi mdi cdng nghe. C6 nhieu doanh<br />
nghi?p ho£it ddng tdt luc chua dau tu KHCN,<br />
nhung sau khi huy dOng v6n mua mdd cdng<br />
nghe mdy mdc thi khdng phdt huy dupe lpi thi<br />
cdng ngh$, vd chiu them ganh nang vay ldi suat<br />
cao. Phdn nhidu doanh nghidp chua chii tipng<br />
den hogt dpng n ^ e n ciiu khoa hpc vd trien Idiai<br />
ling dung cdng nghd, chua thuong mgi hod dupc<br />
cae ket qud nghidn cuu cua cdc vien, trucmg.<br />
Vide ddi mdi cdng nghd d doanh nghiep chu ydu<br />
Id nh$p khdu mdy mdc va nguydn vdt lidu nude<br />
ngodi dl sdn xudt gia cdng.<br />
Thi trudng cdng nghd cdn so khai, ddi mdi<br />
cdng nghe chu ydu Id hoat ddng nhd Id giiia cac<br />
doanh nghidp, su tdc ddng hd tip tii phia Nhd<br />
nudc chua tao su dot pha, ddng thdi chua tao ra<br />
ddng luc gdn ket chat che giiia nghidn ciiu, iing<br />
dung vd dao tao vdi nhu cdu sdn xudt, kinh<br />
doanh va quan ly cua doanh nghidp. ViSc thuc<br />
thi cdc CO chd, chinh sach hd trg doanh nghiep<br />
tidn hdnh cdc hoat ddng ddi mdi cdng nghd vin<br />
cdn nhieu han che.Vidc ddu tu ddi mdi cdng<br />
nghe tai cac doanh nghidp con cham trd, do tinh<br />
tiang rao can quan lieu gay vudng mdc cho cac<br />
doanh nghidp khi tiep can chinh sdch van chua<br />
dupc cdi thidn. Co quan Nhd nude vdn lam vide<br />
theo CO chd xin cho khidn nhieu chinh sdch cua<br />
Nhd nudc khdng ddn dugc vdi doanh nghidp,<br />
hoac khiln doanh nghiep mit rdt nhilu thdi<br />
gian, cdng siic mdi dupc xet duydt hd so.<br />
Ddi vdi Hd Npi, thu hiit FDI Id mdt trong<br />
nhiing thd manh tiong 10 nam tid Iai ddy. Bdng<br />
chiing la tang trudng cdng nghiep Ha Ngi ludn<br />
gan lien vdi ngudn vdn dau tu vd hoat ddng cila<br />
khdi FDI. Thdng qua FDI, ngodi viec dau tu<br />
vdn, phat triln sdn xuat kinh doanh, cdc DN<br />
nudc ngoai cdn tao didu ki^n ehuyen giao cdng<br />
nghd, ky thu^t, phuang thiic va bi quylt kmh<br />
doanh, tii do tao ra tdc ddng lan tod, tao siic ep<br />
canhtianhmgnh me trong tiing nganh, tao ddng<br />
luc cho DN trong nudc cdi tiln cdng nghd, thay<br />
So 67 (5+6/2015)<br />
<br />
VAI TRO NHA NUflC 081 Vfil D^U T U KHOA HQC...<br />
<br />
ddi man ma, chdt lupng sdn phdm dich vi^ va<br />
thiic day hgi nh$p qudc tl.<br />
Tuy nhidn, DN FDI va ndi dia tgi Hd Ndi Udn<br />
ket khd Idng leo nen cdn nhilu ban chl tiong<br />
viec lan toa chuydn giao cdng nghd true tilp. Dd<br />
cac DN Hd Ndi tieptiiudugc cdng nghe mdi thi<br />
tiianh phd phdi cdi thien nhanh chdng ndng luc<br />
tidp thu cdng nghd, chii tipng ddu tu nhilu hon<br />
cho nghidn ciiu phat tridn cdng nghd R&D, lua<br />
chpn ket hop sir dimg cdc loai cong nghd khde<br />
nhau mdt each cd hieu qua, tang cudng dao tao<br />
phat tridn trinh dp ngudn nhdn luc, bd tri nguon<br />
vdn thudng xuydn, ddy du cho ddi mdi cdng<br />
nghd, tang cudng su hop tac lien kit theo nhidu<br />
hinh thiic vcd DN nudc ngodi (Co khi Gia Long,<br />
2015).<br />
Trudc ddy, chinh sach R&D chi tap trung vao<br />
vien, trudng, khdng tao ra lien kit vdi doanh<br />
nghiep, da lam han chl hieu qua ddu tu. Khu vuc<br />
DN hien vdn ddu tu rdt thdp cho R&D, miic dd<br />
ddi mdi sang tao cdn thap, thidu s\r kit ndi vdi<br />
hoat dgng nghien ciiu cua cac td chiic nghien<br />
ciiu cdng lap. Hoat ddng nghidn ciiu KH chu<br />
yeu dien ra d cac Vidn nghidn ciiu, trudng DH...<br />
Cac doanh nghidp vdn cdn khd thu ddng tiong<br />
viec xdy dung cdc dd an nghidn ciiu khoa hpc<br />
phiic vy cho cdng tac sdn xudt cua co sd, hdu hit<br />
chi mua Igi cdng nghd dd cd san chir chua phat<br />
huy hit nang lire cua cac nhd khoa hpc dang 1dm<br />
viic tai bdn thdn doanh nghidp (Minh Chau,<br />
2015).<br />
2.3. Hgn chi vd nguyen nhdn<br />
Hidn tupng doanh nghidp cdn ch|imtt6tiong<br />
triln khai nghidn ciiu vd img dimg ddi mdi cdng<br />
nghd vd tilp nh|in cdc chfnh sach xudt phdt tCr<br />
nguyen nhan ndi tai vd nguydn nhdn bdn ngodi<br />
doanhnghiep.<br />
Muc do bao phu cua chinh sdch vd khd ndng<br />
tiip can chinh sdch cuaDN<br />
Ve phfa DNNW, khd khan ve ngudn vdn Id<br />
tid ngai chinh khidn cho hoat ddng nghien ciiu<br />
khoa hpc va ddi mdi cdng nghd khd cd the trien<br />
khai sdu rdng. Nhdn thirc ciing nhu trinh dp can<br />
bd qudn ly doanh nghi§p vd cdn bd phu tidch<br />
cdng nghe cdn khd han chd (Nguyen Thanh<br />
Cdng, 2013).<br />
Tuy cac chuong trinh va chinh sdch hd tip<br />
doanh nghidp dau tu ddi mdi cdng nghe da<br />
Sir 67 (5+6/2015)<br />
<br />
HGHieHCflUTBft""''' B M l<br />
tuong ddi phong phii, song tidn thuc td dai bd<br />
phan cac DN Hd Ndi vdn khong tilp cdn dugc<br />
chinh sdch hd tig. Dac biet, ty Id DNNW tham<br />
gia vdo cdc chuong trinh hd tig cua Chmh phu<br />
nhu: Chuang trinh xiic tidn thuong mai qudc<br />
gia, Quy ddi mdi Khoa hpc cdng nghd chi<br />
khoang dudi 10%. Didu nay cd the do cdc<br />
DNNW c6 ngudn luc han chl, hoac chua<br />
chuan hi san sang tiep cdn cac ngudn luc tii<br />
Chinh phil, doanh nghidp thilu thdng tin, hogc<br />
thu ttie qua phiic tap (Nguyen Thi Minh Nghla,<br />
2015). Vide tu vdn chuydn giao cdng nghe, va<br />
thdng tin tu phia Nha nudc rdt quan tipng song<br />
cac hoat ddng tii phfa nhd nudc nhu td chiic gidi<br />
thieu cac cdng nghd mdi, cdc kit qud nghidn cim<br />
cho cac doanh nghiep de cac do^ih nghiep lira<br />
chpn cac giai phap cdng nghd con chua hieu<br />
qud. Ddng thdi, doanh nghidp Ha Ndi cdn thidu<br />
vd ylu tiong vi6c tim kilm thdng tin, ciing nhu<br />
tidp can thdng tin hd tig, khd tim dugc cdng<br />
nghd thfch hgp. Thuc te hien nay cae khdng it<br />
DN khdng cd thdng tin ve cac cdng nghe mdi<br />
tiong nudc, nhieu DN da bd tien ra nhdp khdu<br />
cdng nghe tii nudc ngoai md khong tun hieu ky<br />
cdng nghe nen khdng iing dung phu hpp vdi<br />
doanh nghiep vd cdng nghetiongnudc.<br />
Hien van cdn mdt khodng each Idn giiia cac<br />
chfnh sdch ban hanh de hd tip DN vdi kha nang<br />
hap thu cua DN. Doanh nghiep cdn cdtidmlire<br />
yeu, quy md nhd vd vira la chu yeu nen cdn gap<br />
kho khau ve vdn, lungtiingtiongviec tiep cdn<br />
thdng tin vd phuong thirc thuc hien ddi mdi<br />
cdng nghd. Cdc chinh sach hd tig danh cho DN<br />
Id khd nhidu nhung khd nang hdp thu chfnh sach<br />
hd tig rdt ydu. DN nhan biet chfnh sach nhung<br />
khdng hdp thu dupc vi khdng du ndi luc (Trang<br />
Anh, 2015).<br />
Miic hdtipkhdng cao do cac chuang trinh hd<br />
tig phdn tan, nho le, vd thdi gian hd tip chua dii<br />
ddi de thuc hien viec ddi mdi cdng nghd toan<br />
dien nen khdng thu hut dupc cac DN ddu tu cho<br />
KH&CN, ma cac DN chu yeu van tan dung may<br />
mdc, trang thidt bi cdng nghe cii. Thu tuc xin xet<br />
duydt hd tig cdn thidu cdng khai, rudm ra, mdt<br />
thdi gian da Idm cho chinh sach nha nudc tid<br />
nen kem hieu qud, gdy khd khm cho doanh<br />
nghiep khi tiep can cac chinh sach hd trg, ngudn<br />
vdn uu dai va cac ngudn hd tip khac. Mdt sd<br />
QUANLYKINHTE [ Q<br />
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