Vấn đề người kể chuyện trong diễn ngôn truyện kể

N G 6 N NGtr & Bin<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> s l 4 (246)-2016<br /> <br /> NGON N G C VOI VAN CHLTONGI<br /> <br /> VAN DE NGlTcn KE CHUYEN<br /> TRONG DIEN NGON TRUYEN KE<br /> THE NARRATOR IN THE NARRATTVE DISCOURSE<br /> NGUYfiN THJ THU THtY<br /> (TS; Dfi hfc Sir ph«m Hd Nfi)<br /> Abstract: This article discusses about the narrator in the narrative discourse, compares<br /> the narrator and implied author, focalizer, character, voice,...in order to find out possible<br /> similarities and differences between of them. Also, we aim at defining the nairatoi in<br /> recitation, which helps the reader to understand the writer s intention expressed in the text<br /> easily and correctiy.<br /> Key words: narrator; implied author; focalizer; narrative discouise.<br /> 1, Din nhf p<br /> gpi khdc nhau: NKC d ngdi thft nhit vd<br /> Ngudi ki chuyfn ( NKC) Id vin di dugc NKC d ngfii tiift'ba, NKC chiing nhdn, NKC<br /> quan tam khd nhiiu trong nhihig ndm gin su quan, NKC todn tri,...[4] song d day<br /> ddy d cd ITnh vuc tu su hoc vd ngfin ngft hpc. chiing tfii chi Ivra chgn thu$t ngft NKC hldng<br /> Tuy nhifin, trong nhiiu nghifin cftu vi ngudi minh vd NKC hdm in, d\ia vdo ± su xuit<br /> ke chuydn, vi^c xdc dinh nhdn v§t ndy cdn hien cfta NKC xung "tfii" [7].<br /> gdp nhiiu vudng mdc vd fliiiu nhit qudn.<br /> 2.3. Ngirdi ki chuydn cd bdn chit ludng<br /> Trudc thuc te dd, bdi bdo ndy ciia chung tfii thi, pha tgp vd da difn mgo<br /> muin ldm sdng td mot vdi diem then chit, tft<br /> Theo Way C. Booth, "moi m^t tdc phim<br /> dd dua ra dugc mfit si cdn eft giup cho vi$c deu chfta dii thoai hdm in gifta tdc gid xdc djnh NKC tiong truy$n ki dugc r5 rdng NKC - nhdn vjt vd d^c gid. Vd m§tttongso<br /> vd nhit qudn.<br /> lion ngudi ndy cd the dong nhit vdi mqt<br /> 2. M$t vai n^t ve ngirdi ke chuydn<br /> ttong s6 nhihig ngudi kia" [6, ti.99]. Qua<br /> 2.J. Coi truyen ki la san phim cua hojit<br /> khdo sdt tdc pham chiing tfii thiy nh^ djnli<br /> dfing giao tiep bdng ngfin ngft thi NKC Id<br /> ngudi ndi trong tdc phim, ngudi sft dyng cdc ndy Id hit sftc xdc ddng. Tfty tftng ttuimg<br /> phuong ti?n ngfin ngft de t ^ thdnh Idi ki, hgp cy thi NKC c6 the cd nhfing "gomg<br /> mjt", "di$n m?io" giing vdi nhihig ngiicii<br /> hie NKC Id chu thi cua hdnh vi ki chuy$n.<br /> 2.2. NKC cftng vdi nhdn v^t vd dfic gid Id khdc:<br /> - NKC cd thi ding nhit vdi nhto vjt<br /> nhftng yiu ti khong thi tiiiiu tiong mfit<br /> imy^n ki. Ndi nhu Katie Wale thi "qud trinh tiong tiudng hgp Id NKC tudng mini.<br /> t\l svi it nhat cd ba nhdn vat khdi phat: nhdn Chdng han nhdn v$t ThuintixmgTudng vl<br /> v$t (he), ngudi ki (I) va ngudi dgc (you) htm cua Nguyen Huy Tlii$p.<br /> - NKC cd flii ding nhit vdi tdc gid htai<br /> hojc ki md ngudi ta ndi tdi (he - NTTT chii<br /> fliich), ke ndi (I - NTTT chftfliich)vd ki md in trong trudng hgp Id NKC hdm in. Tic<br /> ngudi ta ndi vdi (you - NTTT chu thich)" gid hdm an ciing la ngudi to chftc vdn bdn,<br /> [12 ]. Theo quan diim ndy cua Katie vd li chju ttdch nhi^m ve svr cd mjit hay sv v3ng<br /> fliuyit giao tiep thi ro rdng ngudi ndi (NKC) mat cua bO ph$n ndy hay bg ph$n khdc cia<br /> lufin lufin d ngoi thft nhit. Cho nfin mjc dil chuyfn trong truyfn vd bdi hai con ngiiJi<br /> cd nhiiu cdch phdn chia NKC vd nhiiu tfin nay dugc tdch ra khdi nhftng sif ki?n vi c6<br /> <br /> J<br /> <br /> Si4(246)-2016<br /> <br /> NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG<br /> <br /> flii th5m chl khfing thiit I$p mOt mil quan<br /> h$ diin ngfin ndo vdi dfic gid hdm in.<br /> - Ngudi ki cd flii ding nhit vdi d$c gid<br /> hdm in tixing cdc truy$n DTNT hay ddng<br /> tim hi. Trong BTNT vd ddng tdm hi, NKC<br /> hi phdnflidnraldm hai: vfta Id ngudi ki vfta<br /> Id ngudi nghe, t(i tdm si/ vdi chinh minh...<br /> Nhu v$y cd the thiy: NKC cd thi Id tdc<br /> gid hdm in, cd thi Id nhdn vat, cd thi Id<br /> d(c gid hdm in; bdn chit cfta anh ta Id bdn<br /> chit lu&ng thi, pha t?p vd da di$n mao<br /> [S]. Song cdi quan ttgng anh ta cfing<br /> khong phdi Id ai trong s i nhiing ngudi iy,<br /> anh ta vin khdc nhdn v$t, khdc tdc gid<br /> hdm in vd d$c gid hdm in. Chinh bdn chit<br /> ndy se giup anh ta thdm nh^p m$t cdch<br /> uyin chuyen vdo thi gidi dugc mifiu td,<br /> d$c bi|t Id sS giiip anh ta cd nhiiu cdch ke<br /> chuy?n. Nhimg cflng chlnh cdi bdn chit<br /> ludng thi, pha t?ip vd da di$n m^io ndy gdy<br /> khd khdn cho vifc xdc djnh NKC trong tdc<br /> phim.<br /> 2.4. Su xuit hi?n ciia NKC ttong truy$n<br /> Id rit da djng bdi cdi bdn chit pha tjp vd da<br /> di|n m?o kia cfta anh ta. Thudng tU ttong<br /> m$t truyen chi cd mgt NKC nhung biiu hi^n<br /> cfta anh ta khfing phdi luc ndo cflng thuin<br /> nhit trong suit cdu chuy$n. Cd nhthig<br /> trayen, NKC tiii hifn r6 vai trd ki chuyfin<br /> ciia minh tft diu din cuii, viia nhin [xin xem<br /> khdi n i ^ diim nhin trong tdi li$u tham khdo<br /> si 8] viia ki (Thuin ttong Tudng vi huu,<br /> >IK(5 hdm in trong Khdng cd vua cfta<br /> Nguyin Huy Thifji), cd nhftng truyen NKC<br /> hieu hi$n bdng nhieu guong m|it khdc nhau,<br /> chdng hgn: Chi Pheo cfta Nam Cao, Ngudl a<br /> bin sdng Chdu cua Suong Nguyft Mudi,<br /> Hoa chanh ti'di vif cfla Vdn Nhu Cuong...<br /> Trong truyf n Ngudi d bin sdng Chdu, phin<br /> Idn cdu chuyfn dugc ki bdng gigng difu,<br /> diim nhin cfta hi Mai - mfit c6 hgc smh cip<br /> ba trudng huyfn; cd ch5 dugc ki bdng gigng<br /> difu, diim nhin cila NKC hdm in, cd Mc l?i<br /> dugc ki flieo gigng difu, diim nhhi cua<br /> <br /> 81<br /> <br /> nhftng ngudi Ifah cfing binh,...Truyfn Hoa<br /> chanh trdi vif cfing chi cd mft NKC nhung<br /> todn bf cdu chuyfn dugc ki bdng lii ki ci<br /> tich cfla mgt NKC hdm ia, din phin vl<br /> flianh, NKC ndy dft ngft xung "tfii". Tniyfn<br /> hifn dgi cd flii xuit hifn nhiiu NKC, vi dy<br /> Hdu thien dudng cfla Nguyin Thj Thu Huf<br /> cd hai NKC: ngudi kifliftnhit xung "tfii" ki<br /> vi cuf c ddi cfla chinh minh, ngudi ki tiift<br /> hai Id NKC hdm in, xuit hifn d phin cuii<br /> cfla ttuyfn; tiiiyfn Sdm h6i mudn cfla Lf<br /> CSng cung cd hai NKC,...Biiu hifn da d^g<br /> ndy Id nhftng thdch thftc khiin cho vifc xdc<br /> djnh NKC tiong tiniyfn ki gSp nhiiu khd<br /> khdn. Dudi ddy, chftng tfii xm trinh bdy mfit<br /> si vin di lifn quan din NKC nhdm Idm rS<br /> ranh gidi gifta NKC vd cdc nhjn to di bi<br /> nhim lin nhu tdc gid hdm in, ngudi tifu<br /> diim hda, nhdn v§t,... Hi vgng cdi ranh gidi<br /> rfi rdng ndy sS giftp cho vifc xdc djnh NKC<br /> trong truyfn ki dugc di ddng hon.<br /> 3. Ngordi ke chuyfn vd cdc nhdn t i c6<br /> lifn quan<br /> 3.1. Ngirdi ki chuydn vd tdc gid hdm &n<br /> NKC vd tdc gid hdm an Id hai chu flii cd<br /> nhiiu diim khd gin nhau nen trong th\rc ti<br /> dd xdy ra khfing it nhim lin. Nhiiu nhd<br /> nghifn cftu dd dfing nhit NKC vdi tdc gid<br /> ndy. Nhung ddy vin Id hai ngudi khdc nhau.<br /> NKC Id chfl thi cfla hdnh vi ki chuyfn, cdn<br /> tdc gid hdm in Id chfl thi cfla hdnh vi sdng<br /> t90 nghf thu$t. Hdnh vi sdng t^o nghe thuft<br /> bao hdm hdnh vi ki chuyfn, cung tftc Id<br /> NKCfliuficvi tiii gidi ttuyfn ki, mfit kiiu<br /> nhdn vft do tdc gid hdm in hu ciu di giup<br /> minh ki mft cdu chuyfn.<br /> - Trudng hgp dl nhim lin nhit gifta<br /> NKC vd tdc gid hdm in chinh Id trudng<br /> hgp tniyfn ke cd NKC hdm in. Bdi s\i<br /> khfing hifn difn bdng hinh thftc nhan xung<br /> ngfii thu nhit, vd thudng thi NKC cd gigng<br /> ki tCmg trdi, uyfn bdc - giing gigng tdc<br /> gid. Vi dy : Nhd ldo Klin sdu ngudi.<br /> Todn ddn dng. Bd Nhdn, vg ldo Kiin, mdt<br /> <br /> 82<br /> <br /> NGON NGf & Ddi S 6 N G<br /> <br /> S64(246)-2016<br /> <br /> dd mudi mdt ndm, luc do ldo Klin ndm truyfn cd DN lifn ngodi vd truyfn cd BS<br /> muai ba tudi, cdi tudi odl odm, Idy vg niia todn tri. Trong nhthig truyfn ki kiiu niy,<br /> cUng da, khdng Idy vg niia cUng dd. Ldo cdu chuyfn dugc ki tft DN cfla mft NKC<br /> Kiin chgn cdi dd it hem, a vdy [18, tr.86].<br /> hdm in. Mgi sy ddnh gid, cdm nhfn, quan<br /> Vdi tniyfn ke kiiu nay, ta thiy tdc gid sdt,...diu Id cfta NKC hdm in dftng ngoii<br /> hdm in cfing Id ngudi tfi chftc vdn bdn, quan sdt vd ki 1^ cdu chuyfn.<br /> chju ttdch nhifm vi sy cd m^t hay sy vdng<br /> - NTDH Id nhdn vft (NTDH = nhdn vft)<br /> m^t cfla bf phfn ndy hay bf p h ^ khdc cfla<br /> NTDH Id nhdn vft d ngfii thft ha ttong<br /> chuyfn trong truyfn vd bdi hai con ngudi nhftng tniyfn cd NKC hdm in, kiflieoBN<br /> ndy dugc tdch ra khdi nhftng sy kifn vd cd ben trong tya vdo DN cua nhdn vft di ke.<br /> thi thfm chi khfing thiit l^p mfit mii quan Tnidng hgp ndy, NTDH Id nhln vft cd suy<br /> hf diin ngfin ndo vdi dfc gid hdm in.<br /> nghl, cd host dfng ty cdm nhfa Vd mii<br /> 3.2. Phin bi$t ngudi ki chuy$n vdi quan hf (vai) gifta cdc nhdn vft trong trayfa<br /> dugc xdc dinh trong quan hf vdi NTBH niy<br /> ngirdi tiSu diim hda<br /> Ngudi tifu diim hda (focalizer) Id thuat chft khfing phdi vdi NKC hdm in. ChJng<br /> ngft md G.Genette dua ra ndm 1972. Ngudi hgn, Mai trong Ngudi d bin sdng Chdu (sdd)<br /> tieu diim hod (NTBH) hay chft flii cfla DN Id NTBH dong flidi Id mft nhdn vat hong<br /> la nhdn vft md nhfn thftc cfta anh ta sS dinh truyfn.<br /> hudng cho sy phdt triin cfta truyfn [II,<br /> - NTDH vfta Id nhan vft vfta 14 NKC<br /> tt.29]. Ndi cdch khdc, NTBH Id ngudi fliyc (NTDH s nhdn vft s NKC)<br /> hifn hdnh vi nhln - hdnh vi quan sdt, cam<br /> Trudng hgp ndy, NTDH Id NKC tudng<br /> nh$n, ddnh gid,... Id xuat phdt diim di djnh minh ding thdi Id mfit nhdn vat cfla ttuyfn,<br /> vi gid tri ciia thi gi(5i hifn thyc ttong truyfn. ki chuyfn mhih hofc ki chuyfn ngudi khdc<br /> NTBH cdn dugc ggi Id ngicd^ phdn dnh tft quan sdt cfta minh. Chdng han, nhdn vjt<br /> (reflector) [din flieo 12, tt.I79]. Vi dy, Mai<br /> Thuin xung "tfij" ki chuyfn cha nflnh ttong<br /> trong Nguoi a bin sdng Chdu cfta Suong<br /> Nguyft Minh Id NTDH, Mai Id ngudi quan tixiyf n Tudng vi huu (Nguyin Huy Thifp) 14<br /> sdt, cdm nh§n, ddnh gid vi dng bd, me, di NTBH. Nhdn vft Trflc tiong Miia idng im<br /> M&y, chd San,... Vd mgi gid tri cfla thi gidi dp (Nguyin Thi Thu Huf) cung li mft<br /> hifn thyc trong truyfn, chdng han quyin lyc NTBH xung "tfii" ki chuyfn chmh mhih.<br /> vd than hihi cfla cdc nhdn vft dng, bd, me, di - NTDH khfing phdi Id NKC cung khong<br /> phdi bat eft nhdn vat ndo ttong tmyfn<br /> Mdy, chu San,... Id dugc dinh vi tu Mai.<br /> (NTBH * nhdn vft * NKC)<br /> Ddc Unh cfta NTDH Id: anh ta Id ngudi<br /> Dd Id d tradng hgp tiuyf n ki cd NKC<br /> nghl hodc cdm fliiy mft cdch tryc tiep dii tudng minh, nhung NKC tudng minh niy<br /> vdi dfc gid. Anh ta khfing phdi Id ngudi phdt khfing fliam gia vdo hdnh dfing cua tmyfn,<br /> ngfin trong tiiiyfn (tior trudng hgp NTDH cung khfing phdi Id chfl flii cdm nhfn, quan<br /> cung ding flidi Id NKC). NTDH cd flii Id sdt, anh ta chi cd nhifm vy ki chuyfn. Nhu<br /> NKC, cd flii Id nhdn vft; cd tiii khong la ai vfy,tiTidchit NTDH khfing phdi Id NKC.<br /> trong si hai ngudi ndy.<br /> VI dy Truyfn Hoa chanh trdi W)<br /> - NTBH Id ngudi ki chuyfn (NTDH = (Vdn Nhu Cuong). Mdi din sau khi kit thiic<br /> NKC)<br /> tiuyfn, NKC mdi xuit hifn d phin vilhanh:<br /> Dd Id trudng hgp NTDH ding flidi' Id<br /> "Anh Chanh, hifn nay anh d ddu?<br /> NKC hdm in: (NTDH = NKC hdm in). Loai<br /> Niu anh dgc miu chuyfn ndy cfla tfii, xin<br /> NTDH ndy fliudng xuit hifn ttong nhftng anh viet thu vi tod soan bdo The Gidi M6i<br /> <br /> Si4(246)-2016<br /> <br /> NGON N G C & Ddi S 6 N G<br /> <br /> dp bao tin. re; chdc chdn anh sS chumg minh<br /> ling nhihig diiu tdi viit tren ddy diu Id sy<br /> flift" [15, tt.59]. Phin tiinSc dd, todn bfi cdu<br /> chuyfn dugc ki theo loi ki ci tich, NKC in,<br /> dftng trfn nhan vft: "Ngay xua, tgi Idng kia<br /> c6 doi trai gdi yfiu nhau rat mfn md. Ngudi<br /> con trai khod mgnh, dung cdm vd chdn<br /> fliinh. Cd con gdi thuy mi, nit na, hay lam<br /> hayldm,..."[I5,tt.56].<br /> Cdch ggi ten nhan vft: Bdi trai gdi, ngudi<br /> con trai, cd con gdi Id each ggi rit khdch<br /> quan tft DN cfta mft NTDH xa Ig ndo dd chft<br /> khfing thufc the gidi cfla truyfn. Ndi cdch<br /> khdc thi khong cd nhdn vft ndo ttong truyfn<br /> mang DN, chi don thuin Id cdc nhdn vft<br /> hinh dfng dudi sy quan sdt cfla mfit NTDH<br /> gidu mdt. NTDH giiu mdt ndy rfi rdng Id vfta<br /> khdc vdi cdc nhdn vft ttong truyfn, vfta khdc<br /> vdi NKC xung "tdi" xuat hifn d cuii tdc<br /> phim nhu dd ndi d tren.<br /> Chung ta biit ring: Trong hogt dgng ndi<br /> ndng thi ngudi ndi cd thi ndi vdi DN cfta<br /> chinh minh, cd thi ndi vdi DN cfta ngudi<br /> kbac. Tftc Id ngudi ndi cd thi Id chfl thi cfla<br /> DN, cung cd thi khfing phdi Id chfl thi cfla<br /> DN. Vi diiu ndy, D 5 Hftu Chdu cung dd<br /> phdn bift chu ngdn vd thuyit ngdn [xem I,<br /> tt.16]. 6 truyfn, sy phan bift nay cdn rtS<br /> hon. Hinh thftc hfi thogi ngim cho ph6p<br /> ngudi ndi (NKC) sft dyng nhiiu phuong<br /> fliftc ki khdc nhau di flii hifn DN. Cd<br /> nhftng trudng hgp md NTDH chi don thuin<br /> Id ngudi quan sdt, cdm nhfn thi gidi hifn<br /> ttiyc md khfing hi cd chftc ndng vd myc dich<br /> flie hifn nhiing quan sdt, cdm nhfn yd ddnh<br /> gid dd cfla minh cho dfc gid biit. Chdng hgn<br /> trudng hgp NTBH id nhdn vft d ngfii thft ba<br /> nhu Mai d truyfn Ngu&i d bin sdng Chdu dd<br /> din. Trong tinh huong ndy phdi cd mft<br /> ngudi khdc ki Igi nhftng cdm nhfn, suy nghi,<br /> quan sdt cfta Mai hie la tdi hifn Igi thi gidi<br /> hifn thyc tft DN cfla Mai, cfing tftc Id bgc If<br /> DN cua Mai cho dgc gid biit.<br /> <br /> vi khfing chi khdc nhau md cdn dii Ifp nhau.<br /> Nhftng biin ci khfing bao gid cd thi ty ki li<br /> dugc vi minh, ten ggi cdc sy vifc cung<br /> khfing phdi dugc khdc trong sy vft". Chuyfn<br /> nham lin gifta NKC vd NTBH sfi xdy ra<br /> ttong trudng hgp: NKC khfing xuat hifn tryc<br /> tiip vdi hinh thdi ciia dgi tft ngfii thft nhit<br /> ("tfii" hofc "chftng tfii") md xuat hifn hdm<br /> in sau nhiing quan sdt, cdm nhan cfla<br /> NTDH, cung ding thdi Id mfit nhdn vft ttong<br /> tmyfn. Ndi cdch khdc, NKC hod than vdo<br /> nhdn vft, "in" sau nhdn vgt de ki, ki theo<br /> DN cfla mfit nhan vft ttong tdc phim.<br /> <br /> Vi dy, truyfn Phien chg Gidt: NKC nhta<br /> dugc phin Idn hdnh dgng vdi dfii mdt cfla<br /> ldo Killing, nhung ldo Khflng khfing tft dd<br /> md tgo nfn cho chiing ta thifn truyfn Phlen<br /> chg Gidt. Ldo chi Id diim tya, dugc mfit<br /> NKC hdm in hf ting, ddm nhfn ttdch nhifm<br /> cfta ngudi ndi:<br /> Vi dy "Ai? Ai dd giit con khoang<br /> den nhd ldo, ngudi ban ddi cfla ldo? Ldo<br /> ndo? Thing gid chit til chit tift ndo, dura<br /> thin thing nao, bgn trfm cudp giet ngudi<br /> cfla dan ki bdi hay son trang ndo?<br /> Thi ldo chft ai? Dfta hung fliin Id ldo<br /> Khiing chft ai? Kd ndng chiec bfla tg len<br /> ddnh vdo diu con vft Id ldo chft ai. Tay chdn<br /> run idy bdy, md hdi todt ra sdng do ddm dia,<br /> ldo Khiing sg qud. Ldo da tid nfin dfic dc qud<br /> mftc, thft Id vfi cimg dc dfic, md ldo dd ttd<br /> nen dfc dc ngodi sftc nghl cfta con ngudi tft<br /> bao gid vay? Gid nhu ngudi khdc. Id ngudi<br /> biet ngoan ngoSn tudn phyc mft thft tfin gido<br /> nao thi chdc hdn Iftc ndy, gifta dfm hflm<br /> khuya khodt, ldo dd Ifp tftc qu^ sup xuing<br /> md hoi hd dgc kinh, dfp diu xufing dit md<br /> van ndi kf ton thd, tnit long dn ndn sdm hii<br /> trudc ding thifng lieng d tifin diu tren ci.<br /> Ddng ndy la mfit ki vfi dgo, ldo Khflng chl<br /> biit Ift minh ngoi dfy ttfn tim phdn gS md<br /> run sg mgt minh, vdt vd dau khd mgt minh,<br /> tijt minh Igi idy ldm sg hdi trudc chlnh minh.<br /> Ldo md trim^ Iritng hai con mdt md nhto ten<br /> Ndi nhu Todorov; "Nhin thiy ngfii nhd vd hung thin do ti vfta nhdp vdo ldo, ngay khi<br /> ndi len "Toi thiy mft ngfii nhd" Id hai hdnh<br /> <br /> 84<br /> <br /> NG6N NGP &D6IS6NG<br /> <br /> ldo htoh yfn ngft ttfn tim phdn quen thufc<br /> giiia nha minh.<br /> Dogn rii nhu mft ke may mdn thodt hog,<br /> ldo Khflng thd phdo. Thyc may! May qud!<br /> Vay Id khong phdi, chi Id trong giac mo.<br /> Khong phdi fliyc. Dftng, md ddy rii, con<br /> khoang den nhd lao Iflc nay dang khyt khjt d<br /> ngoai gian lid sau nhd bip.<br /> Lao ySn tdm ndm xuong. Vd nghi vi gidc<br /> ma tiip sau do..." [13, tt.587].<br /> Vdi dfii mdt cfta ldo Khftng, NKC dl ddng<br /> thdm nhdp vdo ddi song nfii tam cfta nhfn<br /> vft, fliiy dugc nhftng hdnh vi bfin ttong cfta<br /> nhan vft: cdc hdnh vi chi tdm ttgng, cdm<br /> gidc (run idy bdy, md hdi todt ra sdng do<br /> dim dia, run sg mgt minh, dau khd mdt<br /> minh, yin Idm,...); cdc hanh vi phdn dodn,<br /> gid djnh biiu hifn tu duy (gid nhu, thi chdc<br /> hdn...); ddo bift Id nhftng suy nghl tiiim kin<br /> cfta nhan vft (cdc y nghl ngi tam gidn tiep ty<br /> do).<br /> Vdi cdi nUn ndy, NKC dd hod than vdo<br /> suy nghl, tdm trang, thih cam,...cfla nhdn vft<br /> den mftc toi da, khiin cho Idi ki chuyfn sinh<br /> dfng, mang diy phong thdi, gigng difu nhfn<br /> vft. Cd flii vi flii md nhiiu tdc gid cho ddy Id<br /> kiiutixiyfnki d ngfii thft ba, tftc cd NKC d<br /> ngfii thft ba, nhu vfy lao Khflng Id NKC.<br /> Thyc ra flii ldo Khftng khfing phdi Id NKC,<br /> ldo chi Id nhan vat ddm ttdch chftc ndng cfla<br /> mft NTDH; ngudi quan sdt, cdm nhfn vi thi<br /> gidi di tft dd NKC ki Igi nhihig quan sdt,<br /> cdm nhfn ndy. NKC dd hod thdn vdo nhfn<br /> vat nhu dd ndi d tten, din mftc ta khd phdn<br /> bift dugc gigng ndo cfla lao Khiing, gigng<br /> ndo cua NKC. Md Igi thiy nhu gigng ldo<br /> Khiing Id chfl dgo, eft nhu Id ldo Khflng dang<br /> ki chuyfn vfy,...Nhimg dft cd nhu thi thi<br /> cfing khfing thi lin Ifn kieu truyfn ki ndy<br /> vdi kiiu truyfn ki ttong dd bdn thdn nhdn<br /> vat ke chuyfn (nhan vft ke chuyfn d ngfii<br /> thft idiat, xung bang tenrieng).Tftc la khfing<br /> cd tmyfn ndo dugc kf boi NKC d ngfii thft<br /> ba. NKC lufin d ngfii flift nhat, chi cd dieu<br /> <br /> Si4(246)-20I6<br /> <br /> anh ta cd xuit hifn tryc tiip ttong tdc phim<br /> hay khfing md thfii.<br /> Cdi Idm cho chung ta dl bi lim hidng<br /> ring cd NKC d ngfii thii ba nhuttongtiudng<br /> hgp ndy, chinh Id cdi ddi sing nfi tdm cda<br /> nhdn vft dugc phdn dnh rat phong phft, sinh<br /> dfing. Vd vi mft ngfin tft, nd dugc thi hi$n<br /> sinh dfng bdng cdc dfic thogi nfi tdm, Idi n6i<br /> bfin trong; sy mieu td cfn cdnh cdc bieu hifn<br /> cfta trgng thdi ngi tdm: tttychdn run idy bdy,<br /> md hdi todt ra sdng do ddm dia, sg, run sg,<br /> vgt vd dau khd, sg hdi,...; cdc thftc gid djnh<br /> Ifp lufn biiu hifn suy nghl ddn vft: gid nhu,<br /> chdc hdn, ddng ndy,... Ddy cfing chhih li<br /> ddc trung cfta phuong thftc thi hifn Idi k^<br /> chuyfn theo DN ben ttong.<br /> Cflng nhu vfy, ttong truyfn Ngudi d bin<br /> sdng Chdu: NKC Id ngudi ki hdm in, kl<br /> theo DN cfta Mai, chft Mai khfing phai li<br /> NKC. Mai Id NTBH, NKC di mugn giong<br /> Mai - mft cfi bf gdi dang hgc cip III ttudng<br /> huyfn di ki cfu chuyfn ve nhftng nguM<br /> than cua Mai. Cd nhu vfy, NKC mdi dl<br /> ddng hod vdo ddi song ngi tdm cia nhin vft,<br /> dl ddng hod vdo cdi gia dtoh cua Mai, de<br /> biit, di "tgc mgch" vdo mgi chuyfn cda gia<br /> dtoh iy. NKC cung nhd flii dd dft tftng<br /> thdnh vien cfla gia dinh Mai trudc dfc gii<br /> md khfing cin mft Idi gidi thifu ndo cd. T\i<br /> cdi DN cfla Mai, ta dd hinh dung mii quan<br /> hf gifta nhftng con ngudi iy vdi nhau nhu<br /> flie ndo:fing,bi, me, dl Mfy, chfl San, fliim<br /> Ba,...Id dugc nhhi tft Mai, ttong mii quan<br /> hf vdi Mai,...<br /> 3.3. Ngirdi ki chuydn vi nhdn v^<br /> NKC cd flii ding nhit vdi nhdn vft khi<br /> NKC xung "tfii" tudng mmhttongtiuyfn.<br /> Cd hai ttudng hgp xdy ra: 1) NKC xung<br /> "tfii" ki chuyfn ngudi khdc, chdng h?n<br /> Thuin trong Tudng vi huu cfta Nguyin Huy<br /> Thifp; 2) NKC xung "tfii" ki chuyfn cila<br /> chfah mmh nhu nhdn vft "tfii" trong Hdii<br /> thien duang, Miia ddng dm dp cfla Nguyto<br /> Thi Thu Huf Id diin htoh cho sy ding nhat<br /> <br />