Về nơi sinh của thiền sư Từ Đạo Hạnh

V E N O I S I N H C U A T H I E N S U TUT D A O H A N H<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> D 6 D A N H HUXN*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> C u n g vdi Thien su" Minh Khong (the Mdt dem, cha len vao ddm trong budng,<br /> he thd 9 dong Vo Ngdn Thong) (1) thay ben ngon den, sach vd la liet, Dao<br /> va su Giac Hai (the he thd 10 dong Vo<br /> 1 Hanh ngdi dtfa an ngu gat, tay van cam<br /> Ngon thong), Thien stf Td Dao Hanh (? quyen sach. Td day biet con cham hoc, cha<br /> 1117) (2) la mot trong nhdng vi cao tang khdng lay lam lo. Sau Dao Hanh thi khoa<br /> the he thd 12 cua Thien phai Ty N i Da Ltfu Bach Lien, do thd nha't, nhtfng khdng chiu<br /> Chi, cung la thien stf dtfdc biet deh kha ra lam quan'' (3). Cac sach Bai Viet sit ky<br /> nhieu trong lich sd Phat giao trieu Ly. toan thii, Thien uyen tap anh ngu luc va<br /> Thien stf Td Dao Hanh dtfdc cac sach chep Linh Nam chich qudi (4)... deu cd ghi chep<br /> la mot vi cao tang co nhieu phdp thuat, ttf ve hanh trang cua Thien stf Td Dao Hanh.<br /> lieu hien con cho biet ttfdng doi day du ve Song cd mdt van de ma sd sach xtfa va<br /> than the va hanh trang cua ngai. Td thud nhtfng cdng trinh nghien cdu da xua't b i n<br /> thieu thdi deh que quan, gia dinh, qua gan day chtfa de cap tdi, dd la noi Thien sU<br /> trinh tim dtfdng deh vdi chan tu, nhdng duqc sinh ra cu the d dau\ Hoae sd chep<br /> mau thuan vdi stf Dai Dien, hay chuyen Td qua tap trung vao lang Yen Lang - ndi gan<br /> Dao Hanh thac sinh lam con trai Sung vdi qua trinh trtfdng thanh, mdi trtfdng gia<br /> Hieh Hau... V i du: "Xtfa, Dao Hanh ho Td, dinh va hdn nda Yen Lang cung la ndi cd<br /> ten la Lo, cha ten la Vinh theo hoc dao chda Lang (Chieu thien ttf) thd ngai sau<br /> Phat, lam chdc Dd sat ngach tang quan ddi khi da tu dac dao, cung nhtf chua Thay<br /> Ly, thtfdng deh chdi lang An Lang, la'y (Thien phdc ttf), ndi ngai tron kie'p tu va<br /> ngtfdi con gai ho Tang ten la Loan, dtfng hda tren hang ndi (cd hang thanh hda).<br /> nha d xdm Nam lang ay. Nha d dtfdc kie'u Trong khi dd d thdn Ddng But (Bdt) hien<br /> dat quy sinh ra dtfdc Td Dad Hanh cd khi v i n ltfu gid truyen thuyet va ttf lieu kha<br /> cd't tien phat, ldc cdn tre hay chdi bdi phdng chi tiet ve viec Thien stf dtfdc sinh ra nhtf<br /> tdng, nhtfng cd chi ldn, each cd dong i t the' nao, cung nhtf he thd'ng di tich va tam<br /> ngtfdi ltfdng biet. Dao Hanh thtfdng hay ke't thdc cua nhan dan ve vide thd phung ngai d<br /> ban vdi mdt nha nho ten la Phi Sinh, mdt day, dd la chua thdn Ddng But (Thieh stf<br /> dao si ten la Le Toan Nghia va mdt ngtfdi ttf) - dan lang quen goi la chua Thuyen stf.<br /> dan hat ten la Phan At, dem thi cham doc Trong bai viet nay, dtfa tren nhdng ttf<br /> sach, ngay thi danh cau, thdi sao, danh bac lieu chinh sd, ke't hdp vdi cac ngudn ttf lieu<br /> lam vui, thtfdng bi cha mdng la do rdng rai. khio sat thtfc cha, dac biet la nhdng ttf lieu<br /> <br /> * ThS. Vien Sd hoc<br /> Ve noi sinh ciia Thien su.. 53<br /> <br /> 6 lang Dong But va khu viic phu can, chiing Dao Hanh, ngiidi diidc liet vao hang cac vi<br /> toi muoh gop them t i i lieu ve cuoc ddi thien sii thudc phai Ty Ni Da Liiu Chi,<br /> Thien sii Td Dao Hanh. song cung cd the liet dng vao hang ngu cac<br /> Neu co the ke mot diidng thang theo nha Mdt giao [...] nhiing thay vi Ddc thanh<br /> hiidng Tay - Nam, lay Thang Long - Ha Ndi Bdi la ke't hdp Phdt - Dao, thi d dng la ke't<br /> lam he quy chieu, ket ndi cac diem di tich hdp Thien - Mdt - Dao" (7).<br /> tai mot so" lang, chdng ta se hinh thanh Ve mdi quan he gida chua Lang va chda<br /> nen mot khong gian sinh hoat van hoa phdt Thiy, ngiidi xiia cd cau ca ring:<br /> giao vdi he tho'ng chda, cac sinh hoat le hoi "Nhd ngdy miing 7 thdng 3<br /> va nhdng truyen thuyet lich sd gan vdi<br /> Trd vdo hdi Lang, trd ra hdi Thdy''<br /> cudc ddi Thien sii Td Dao Hanh. Diidng<br /> thang] do, lay diem md dau la chda Lang Cau ca tren cang khang dinh them md'i<br /> (nayHnudc phiidng Lang Thiidng qudn lien he va n h i n manh den diidng thang<br /> Ddng Da Ha Ndi), di ra ngoai khu viic khdng gian sinh hoat van hda Phdt gido<br /> Thang Long ke't ndi vdi cac chua nhu": Chua gan vdi Thien sU Tii Dao Hanh nhu" chdng<br /> Tong (xa La Phu huyen Hoai Ddc Ha tdi vda neu.<br /> Ndi), chua Ca Trung Hung tU (thdn La Lang Ddng But xiia thudc xa Phuc Lap,<br /> Phd xa La Phu huyen Hoai Ddc), chda tdng Lap Thiidng, huyen An (Yen) Sdn, phu<br /> Thien Vu (thdn La Diidng - xa Diidng Ndi - Quo'c Oai, tra'n Sdn Tay (8), ngay nay lang<br /> huyen Hoai Ddc), chua Ngai Cau (thdn thudc xa Ngoc Liep, huyen Qudc Oai. Lang<br /> Ngai Cau huyen Hoai Ddc) (5), chua Thay cd ten Ndm la Ddng But, ve ten goi Ddng<br /> (Thay) (xa Sai Sdn huyen Qudc Oai Ha Phdt (Han) Ddng But (Ndm), theo chdng<br /> Ndi) va diem cudi cung cua diidng thing la tdi nd mang dam d i u i n Phit giio, y nghia<br /> chua Ddng But Thien Su tU (thdn Ddng n i y tim trong ten l i n g Viet cd truyen r i t it<br /> But - xa Ngoc Liep huyen Quo'c Oai Ha gap. Xet theo quy luat bien i m cua ngdn<br /> Ndi). Nhii vay, ve cd b i n cac ngdi chda neu ngd, cd nhieu dang thdc khac nhau, nhiing<br /> tren cd the hinh thanh nen ba khu viic ro trong dd cd cich bien i m td i m B sang i m<br /> ret. Net dac triing cua cic ngdi chua nay la Ph (B Ph) (9) v i ngiidc lai, vi nhii l i n g<br /> cd md hinh thd t i i kieu tien phdt, hdu Philng Xd (Hin) thanh l i n g Bung (Ndm)<br /> thdnh (6). So vdi cac chua khac d chau thd hay lang Phu Xd (Hin) thanh l i n g Bua<br /> Bac Bd, ddc biet la ben hdu ngan sdng (Ndm), day cung la mdt trong nhdng dang<br /> Hdng, sd' liidng cac chua thd tii kieu nay rd't thdc hinh thanh va bien ddi cua ten lang<br /> it, ngoai trd he thd'ng tiidng phdt diidc bai Viet. Trddng hdp ten l i n g Ddng But, sd<br /> tri nghiem trang trong khdng gian chda, bien am doc chech t d Phdt sang But hay<br /> thi cdn cd cac vi thanh diidc thd vdi lai lich ngddc lai la sd bien i m hoan toan nhdng<br /> cudc ddi khdng chi thuan tuy nhud'm mau nghia khdng ddi, bing cich gid nguyen td<br /> Phdt giao ma cdn pha mdt chdt cua Thien, td dau (Ddng) va thay ddi td td' thd hai<br /> cua Mdt va Dao giao (phu chd va phdp (Phit-But), trong do nghia cua td v i n dddc<br /> thuat). Nha nghien cdu Nguyen Qudc Tuan bio Idu. Nhd vay, nhan dan ndi day da rat<br /> khi so sanh Thien sii Td Dao Hanh vdi Ddc kheo ldo khi dat ten cho ling, cd le trong<br /> thanh Bdi thd d chua Boi Khe (Dai bi td), t i m thdc ngddi d i n thdn Ddng But, Thien<br /> huyen Thanh Oai, Ha Noi da viet: "thdi Ly sd Td Dao Hanh da ghi d i u an s i u d i m<br /> da cd mot nhan vdt rd't quen thudc la Td trong lich sd khai hddng l i p lang - hdn the'<br /> 54 Rghien cuu Lich sir. s6 3.2011<br /> <br /> nda Til Dao Hanh cung la mot vi su tu 1<br /> la Cdnh Tri that nien diidi trieu vua Le<br /> hanh dac dao (10), nen ho da lay ten lang Huyen Tdng nam thd 7 (1669), van bia<br /> minh la Dong But (hay Ddng Phat) de khac ghi ten cua mot so vi hiing cdng tieh<br /> ttfdng nhd deh Thien su". va rudng vao chua trong qua trinh xay<br /> Ngay nay, tai lang Ddng But nhan dan diing va tu sda. Mac dd dau tich kien trdc<br /> van cdn liiu truyen cau chuyen ve ndi va di vat khdng cdn, nhtfng qua mot ngudn<br /> ttf lieu khac rat dang tin va cho phep gdi<br /> Thien stf Td Dao Hanh da sinh ra. Cach<br /> md rang: chiia dUdc xdy dtfng tit thdi Trdn.<br /> lang Ddng But khong xa, khoang 500m ve<br /> Vi can cd vao ndi dung minh chudng khac<br /> phia Tay Nam, co mdt khu dat cao goi la<br /> diidi trieu vua Gia Long nam thd 18 (1820),<br /> Viidn Nd (11), tiidng truyen day la ndi Ddc<br /> (day la qua chudng due lai) cho biet: stf tich<br /> thanh Td Dao Hanh diidc sinh ra, truyen<br /> d lang Ddng But, huyen Yen Sdn, phu Quo'c<br /> ke rang: Mot dem nam ngu, ba Tang Thi<br /> Oai cho hay Td thanh phu (tdc Td Vinh,<br /> Loan mong thay mot chdm hoa sen do moc<br /> cha cua Td Dao Hanh TG), sinh Td Dai<br /> d ben tay trai, rdi td do thu thai, Tang thi<br /> Thanh (tdc Td Dao Hanh - TG) vu ban thdn<br /> mong thay sii la thudng ben di tim ndi linh<br /> (d trong thdn), cd dien thd ltfu dd, chia deu<br /> dja de sinh, Tang thi di tdi khu Viidn Nd<br /> cho bdh giap lam rudng hiidng hda gid<br /> thudc thdn Ngoc Phdc, trdng thay chd dat<br /> chap, viec thd ttf nay cd td thdi Tran Dai<br /> hay, sdn thuy hdu tinh, long tdng quy an,<br /> Tri nam thd 12 (1369) va da dtfdc khac vao<br /> nen lien sinh Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh d dd<br /> hdng chung. Nhiing do binh loan, chudng<br /> (12). Ngay nay, dan gian goi do la Viidn Nd.<br /> phai cat da'u xud'ng ao (triidc cda chda cd ao<br /> Xiia kia, tai Viidn Nd cd mot ngdi mieu nhd<br /> Sen), khi mang len danh khdng keu, ben<br /> phung thd Td Dao Hanh, mieu dtfdc xay<br /> due chudng khac, nen da ghi lai nguyen<br /> theo hinh chudi vd, nhiing vao cudi nhdng<br /> van le cu va danh tinh cua nhdng bac hiing<br /> nam 80 (the' ky XX) chinh quyeh dja<br /> cdng cdng ddc xay dtfng chda (13). Cung vdi<br /> phiidng xay tram xa xa, ngdi mieu da bi<br /> chda Thay, chua Thien stf thdn Ddng But<br /> pha. Den nam 2005, do nhan thdc diidc gia<br /> la sd' it ngdi chda cd md hinh thd tieh phat<br /> tri cua nhu cau tam linh, dan lang da phuc hau thanh d huyen Quo'c Oai, ngoai viec<br /> diing lai ngdi mieu. thd phat d ben ngoai, trong hau cung vi<br /> Mieu thd ndi Ddc thanh sinh ra khdng thanh dtfdc thd la Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh.<br /> cdn nda, nhiing mot ndi cdn liiu gid kha<br /> Tai gian gida cua chua cd bdc dai ttf ghi<br /> nhidu t i i lieu ve Thieh sii la chua lang<br /> ba chd 1 t I Thdnh trung vtfdng va<br /> Ddng But ten chd la Thien Stf ttf [W W<br /> ddng lac khoan: mot ben ghi Hodng Bdo<br /> TF], chda diidc khdi diing tren mot khu da't<br /> Bai nhi nien ddi vua Bao Dai nam thd 2<br /> cao gida lang (thuoc xdm Trong, vi lang cdn<br /> cd xdm Ngoai), hiidng quay ve phia Tay (1927) va ben kia ghi: Bong van gidp (giap<br /> Nam nhin thang ra khu Viidn Nd, chua Ddng) bai tieh. Vdi bdc dai ttf nay, theo<br /> diidc xay theo ldi kien true hinh chd cdng. chung tdi y mud'n ndi Ddc thanh Td Dao<br /> Diia tren ldi kien true va phong each nghe Hanh dau thai lam con phu nhan Sdng<br /> thuat cua cac cau kien, cho phep chung tdi Hien Hau (14), vi trong con ngtfdi Ddc<br /> doan djnh chua diidc xay diing diidi trieh thanh cd mot phan cua vua va ngiidc lai.<br /> hau Le, cdng vdi qua trinh xay diing, chua Tii ndi dung bdc hoanh phi ndi tren, chdng<br /> cdn cd bia Phdp sU tU bi, nien dai tao diing ta cang cd them cd sd de lien he tdi nhdng<br /> Ve noi sinh ciia Thien sir. 55<br /> <br /> dong sd chep nhu sau: "Do la ngay mdng 7 sdn Tit Dao Hanh phdp sit dien dia ke chi<br /> thang 3 nam Hoi Tudng Dai Khanh nam (Ke chf ghi rudng da't cua Phap sU Td Dao<br /> thd 3 (1112), Dao Hanh td coi nat ban ve Hanh ndi Phdt Tich) ddt d chua Thay (tdc<br /> coi ddi thac sinh lam con trai Sung Hien chua Phdt Tich, huyen Qudc Oai) ghi ro so'<br /> Hdu, khdng can nuoi ma chong ldn, khong ruong da't cua TU cd hai bo phan la: 30 dien<br /> can hoc ma thong sudt, ngddi dep va co tai. 64 sao de lUu truyen cdng phdt va 63 dien<br /> Vua Ly Nhan Tong dem vao trong cung 83 sao d dong Da Mai, hUdng Ba Ldp (Ba<br /> nuoi day, rdi lap lam hoang thai td. Deh Lap Phuc Lap va cd the la khu Da Mai<br /> khi Nhan Tong mat, thai td len ndi ngoi cua thon Ddng But TG) la cua rieng Td<br /> tdc la vua Than Tong" (15), do vdy, thanh Dao Hanh. Sau khi Td chet, thi sd ruong<br /> da trung viidng. tren bi con chau cat chiem la'y, khong cho<br /> lUu thong" (18).<br /> Dac biet hdn, trddc cda hau cung chua,<br /> phia ben phai cdn treo bdc hoanh phi ghi Ngay nay, tai thon Liep Mai cdng xa,<br /> van cd ddng ho Td sinh sd'ng, vdi sd' nhan<br /> bdh chd S i l l (16) - tit cd ddn thdnh -<br /> khau khoang chdng hdn 200 ngUdi. Trong<br /> tam dich Thdnh sinh ra la nen tdng cua<br /> long tit bi, bdc hoanh phi nay khong co qua trinh khao sat, mac du khdng tim thay<br /> ddng lac khoan ghi bang chd Han (17). gia pha, nhUng chung toi cho rang, co the<br /> ho Td d day cd md'i quan he td xa xUa vdi<br /> Xuat phat td viec Ddc thanh TU Dao Hanh<br /> thanh phu cua NgUdi la Tang quan Dd sat<br /> dUdc sinh ra tai ndi day va gdn lien vdi qua<br /> trinh hinh thanh lang Ddng But, nen bdc Td Vinh va Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh hien<br /> dai tU nay y mud'n ndi ve Ngudi. Trong tam dUdc thd d chua lang Ddng But chang?<br /> thdc dan lang Ddng But cdn lUu truyen Hang nam, den ngay mdng 10 thang 3<br /> rang, Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh da day dan Am lich, nhan dan lang Ddng But lai md<br /> lang lam an, khai canh md rudng. Ngay hdi, te le, cac phe giap dUdc cat cd nhiem<br /> nay, khu ddng Mai trUdc cda chua truyen vu ra trdng coi dinh chua cho dan lang va<br /> rang do NgUdi cung nhan dan khai pha, lo cac cdng viec trong nhdng ngay le hdi.<br /> ngUdi xUa goi do la khu Da Mai vdi dien Ngay mdng 8 trUdc dd, cd le muc due,<br /> tich 72 mau. Rudng d xd ddng Da Mai hay nhdng ngudi tham gia le muc due phai<br /> cdn goi la rudng Sach sU, theo dan lang ke dUdc liia chon can thdn, gia dinh khdng cd<br /> lai rang, ruong nay dUdc chia deu cho bdh tang ma, cd nhan each dao ddc tdt lanh.<br /> giap trong lang cay cdy va phuc vu triic Deh tdi ngay mdng 9, cd le rUdc bai vi cua<br /> tiep cho viec td chdc le hoi hang nam tai Ddc thanh, rddc td trong hdu cung ra ngoai<br /> chua. ThUc te ngay nay cho thay, khu Da tien dddng cua chda, qua trinh td chdc le<br /> Mai khong chi la xd ddng Mai trUdc cda hdi cung da thu hut dUdc ddng dao nhan<br /> chda, ma d ven lang ve phia Tay - Bac cdn dan cac lang phu can deh tham gia, nhieu<br /> cd cac xd ddng khac nhu: xd ddng Md Bung, nghi thdc te' thanh, le phdt tdi hdm dd cung<br /> Md Chudm va Md Ngon, theo chung toi, dddc dien ra.<br /> gida md va mai la mot each doc chech am Trddc day, vao nhdng khi lang md hdi<br /> va cung nghia, vi nhu dia danh Hodng Mai chinh, thUdng cd te', rddc len Quan Thanh.<br /> (Ha Noi) doc thanh Ke Md. Trong sach Lich Quan Thanh la mdt di tich cd lien quan tdi<br /> sit Viet Nam tap I, khi viet ve ruong dat Td Dao Hanh. Td lang Ddng But, nhin theo<br /> dUdi trieu Ly co chep: "Van bia Phdt Tich hudng Tay - Bdc ve phia chua Thay, Quan<br /> 56 Hghien ciru Lich sit, so' 3.2Q11<br /> <br /> Thanh each lang Dong But khong xa, sinh Ddng But thdn. Cung vdi van te, hien<br /> khoang 1km diidng chim bay. Truyen rang, nay tai chua lang cdn liiu gid mdt cuo'n Sii<br /> Quan Thanh la ndi nghi chan cua Ddc tich chua Thien Sit, trong do cd doan vie't:<br /> thanh Td Dao Hanh tren diidng di td lang thdn tu luyen it Sai Sdn ddng [that] dan<br /> Ddng But ra chua Thay. Ndi day, ngay xiia sinh Dong But chi hitdng. Hdn the' nda,<br /> dan lang xay dQng trang nghien, xung treng tam thdc ngiidi dan lang Ddng But va<br /> quanh cd tiidng bao va cdt ddng tru uy quanh vung deu cho rang Ddng But la ndi<br /> nghi, cd hai day nha thd tii cdng te, thiidng can sinh va thd Ddc thanh Td Dae Hanh.<br /> goi la quan tren va quan diidi. Quan tren la Td lau, nhan dan hai lang Ddng But va<br /> ndi thd chinh nen diidc xay theo loi kien Sai Sdn da cd tuc ket giao vdi nhau, khi le<br /> true bdh mai. Sau nam 1954, quan tren da hdi d Ddng But td chdc, cac cu ngoai Sai<br /> bi gid lay nguyen vat lieu xay triidng hoc, Sdn deu cd mot le nhd mang vao de dang<br /> chi cdn lai duy nha't den ngay nay la quan len Ddc thanh. Do dd, trong dan gian van<br /> diidi, nhiing di tich nay hien dang bi mai truyen lai cau ca: Miing 7 hdi Thay, miing<br /> mot. Td mot ngudn tu lieu chd Han trong<br /> 1<br /> <br /> 10 hdi Sep nhd ngdy md di, hdi Sep y ndi<br /> nhan dan, chdng toi da phat hien diidc mot hdi chua Thien Sd (21).<br /> cuo'n sach (19), trong do co ghi noi dung cac<br /> Hien nay, trong cung chda Thien Sd van<br /> doi cau ddi viet tren cot ddng tru d Quan<br /> cdn tddng thd Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh dat<br /> Thanh. Dang chu y la tren mat tien cua cot<br /> trong kham d ben trai hau cung, dd la mot<br /> ddng tru, co doi cau ddi noi dung noi ve viec<br /> bdc tddng nhd, ngdi khoanh chan, tay dat<br /> thd va hanh tich cua Thien su Td Dao<br /> 1<br /> <br /> <br /> len gd'i. Cd y kien cho rang, vi Ddng But la<br /> Hanh da tu d chda Sai Sdn (chua Thay),<br /> ndi can sinh, nen tddng thd la tddng thdi<br /> cau ddi viet: Sdi Sdn thdnh hda thien thu<br /> nien thieu, so vdi Sai Sdn la ndi Ddc thanh<br /> tai; Td thuy thdn cd van cd' truyen tam<br /> tu luyen thanh chinh qua, do dd ma tddng<br /> dich: Sai Sdn Id ndi thdnh hda ngdn nam<br /> thd la dang vdc cua ngddi da tu dac dao<br /> nay vdn con; Sit tich tren ddng sdng Td<br /> trddng thanh (22).<br /> Lich mdi truyen ve sau (20). Tai Quan<br /> Thanh, kieu diidc nidc td chda Thien Sii Cung tai hau cung chua Thien Sd, phia<br /> len, tai day dan lang dang te vat pham, sau ben p h i i cd ban thd than phu Tang quan<br /> khi cdng te xong lai nidc kieu td Quan Dd sat Td Vinh va than m i u Tang Thi<br /> Thanh ve chda, di theo sau la xe chieng xe Loan cua Ddc thanh Td, trong dd cd ddi cau<br /> trdhg, cd xi tung bay. Nhdng nam gan day, dd'i: Linh tich vinh thuy ciiu chi; Anh thanh<br /> viec te riidc len Quan Thanh khong cdn triidng bd viem giao - tam dich: Truyen xiia<br /> diidc thiic hien nda, mot phan vi Quan liiu tai ddt nay; Tieng lanh truyen mai vi<br /> Thanh da bi hii hdng, mat khac cung do sau. Vdi ddi cau dd'i nay, p h i n nao cho thay<br /> mot thdi ky cac hoat dong van hoa tam hnh da'u tich cua than phu va than mau da sinh<br /> d dia phiidng khong diidc coi trong, do do thanh ra Ddc thanh Td Dao Hanh tren<br /> ma dan bi lang quen. minh da't lang Ddng But, va hdn nda<br /> Den sang ngay mdng 10 Am lich, bai vi nhdng truyen xda dd da dddc liiu truyen va<br /> cua Thanh diidc riidc vao cung, sau dd dan nhan dan mai nh&c tdi ve sau.<br /> lang bat dau td chdc te yen vi, trong van te Trong van bia Hd phdp bi ky Idu tai<br /> cd nhac tdi viec Ddc thanh sinh ra tai ndi chua, cd nien dai Minh Menh nguyen nien<br /> day, van viet: Ddc thdnh Tit Dao Hanh can (1820), mat trddc cd ndi dung ndi ve dao<br /> Vg noi sinh cua Thien su. 57<br /> <br /> phat, mat sau liet ke cac hiing cong hoi chu ldn cau kinh phat Dai-bi-da-la. Do la chdng<br /> trong hiidng noi deh khach thap phiidng da qua tron kie'p tu, doi cau doi tren vda viet<br /> thien tam gdi tien, ruong vao viec trung tu ve the' gi6i phdt, phap, tang dang toa vi tai<br /> chua. Trong vdn bia co doan viet: Thdnh tam bao cua chda, cung la noi ve Td Dao<br /> van Tang quan Do sat Tit tinh Dqi Thien Hanh da kien djnh tam theo Phat ma<br /> stf, tru tri thuqng phung (23) - Co nghia la: thanh chinh qua. Tue Trung Thddng si<br /> dau tich cua thanh Tang quan Do sat Dai dd6i thdi Tran da de cao triet ly tu Phat la<br /> Thien sii ho Td da tru t r i chda nay van phai co tam kien djnh va ong noi tam cl<br /> diidc phung thd d tren. Than the cua than trong Phat va Phat cung do tam, khi tam<br /> phu Ddc thanh Td cung diidc sd chep: con thi Phat con, neu tam diet thi Phat<br /> "Xiia, Dao Hanh ho Td, ten la Lo, cha ten cung diet, do cung la td duy bien chdng<br /> la Vinh theo hoc dao phat, lam chdc Do sat theo triet ly cua Thien vay.<br /> ngach Tang quan ddi Ly" (24). Chda Thien sd la mot ngoi chda cd Mnh.<br /> Tai toa tam bao, co mot doi cau doi viet Tdi nay, chung tdi van chda thay mdt cdng<br /> ve cai tam trong viec giac ngo dao phat, cau trinh nao khao cdu ve ngdi chua nay. Dac<br /> doi cho biet: Qua khd phdt, hien tai phdt, vi biet hdn, day la mdt ngdi chda cd md hinh<br /> lai phdt, hd sa chtf phdt do tdm; Kien dinh thd td kieu tien Phat hau thanh - Ddc thanh<br /> tdm, vd uy tdm, bd de tdm, gidc ngan duy Td Dao Hanh dddc thd trong chda nay. Tim<br /> tdm ngd phdt tam dich: Phdt trong qua hieu trong chinh sd va mot sd' cdng trinh da<br /> khd, Phdt hien tai vd Phdt ttfcfng lai ciing xua't bin, chung tdi thay, hanh trang cua Td<br /> tdt cd gidi Phdt deu bat ngudn tit tdm; Tdm Dao Hanh van can dddc bd khuyet. Do vay,<br /> vdng vdng, tdm bdt khudt, tdm thdng tue, dda vao nhdng ngudn td lieu chinh sd va td<br /> mudn gidc ngd chi cd tdm theo Phdt. Nhd lieu thdc dja neu tren, chdng tdi mudn gdp<br /> da noi cl tren, Td Dao Hanh la mot vi cao them y kien ve ndi sinh cua Thien sd Td<br /> tang dac dao va hoa tren hang da nui Sai Dao Hanh va nhan manh rang lang Ddng<br /> Sdn, qua trinh tu tai ndi Phat Tich (ndi Sai But da bao Idu mdt trd lddng td lieu k h i tin<br /> Sdn), ngai da doc dddc mddi van tam nghin cay ve sd sinh thanh cua Ngddi (25).<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1). Ve Thien stf Minh Khong, vSn con nhieu sach chep khac nhau, trong Nguyln Lang: Viet<br /> sach chep chtf a tho'ng nhat, trong Thanh Tii: Thiin Nam phdt gido stf luan, sdd, tr. 114 chep nam ma't<br /> stf Viet Nam. Tu vien chdn khong xua't ban, Sai la 1112; Thanh Ttf: Thien stf Viet Nam. Sdd, tr. 71,<br /> Gon, 1972, chep Thien stf Minh Khong thuoc the chep la nam 1115; Trong Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u<br /> he thtf 9 dong Vd Ngdn Thdng (tr. 114, 119); linh. Nxb. Van hoc, Ha Ndi, 1972, tr. 147, chep la<br /> Nguyln Lang: Viet Nam phdt gido stf ludn, tap I , nam 1112; Le Manh That; Thien uyen tap anh a'n<br /> II, III. Nxb. Van hoc, Ha Noi, 2000, tr. 114, chep: ban dien td (soan gia Kim Son, Le Manh That<br /> Thien stf Minh Khdng thuoc thehg thtf 13 ddng Ty dich, Le Bic chuyen sang a'n ban didn td nam<br /> Ni Da Luu Chi. Trong bai viet nay, chung tdi theo 2001), tr. 116, chep la nam 1117; Bai Viet stf ky<br /> sach Thien stf Viet Nam, sdd. todn thtf, tap 1. Nxb. Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi,<br /> (2). Ve nam sinh Dtfc thanh Ttf Dao Hanh chua 1998, tr. 287 chep la nam 1116; Vien Van hgc: Tha<br /> dUOc biet til khi nao, nhUng nam ma't thi cd nhieu van Ly - Trdn, tap 1. Nxb. Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi,<br /> 58 Rghien cuoi Lich six, so" 3.2011<br /> <br /> 1977, tr. 343 chep la 1117. chua Dong But, trong khi do chua nay cung la mdt<br /> (3). Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh. Nxb. Van ndi thd Thien sU Ttf Dao Hanh theo mo hinh tien<br /> hoc, Ha Noi, 1972, tr. 140, 141. phat hau thanh va cd md'i quan he dac biet vdi<br /> chiia Thay.<br /> (4). Chung ta co the tim hieu them ve hanh<br /> trang cua Thien stf Ttf Dao Hanh qua cac sach: (7). Nguyln Qudc Tua'n: Md hinh phdt - thdnh<br /> Dqi Viet sd ky todn thii, tap 1. Sdd, tr. 286, 287; qua chiia Bdi Khe - Dqi Bi (Ha Tdy), trong Tap chi<br /> Vu Quynh, Kieu Phii: Llnh Nam chich qudi. Nxb. Nghien ctfu Tdn giao. Ve ton gido vd ton gido d Viet<br /> Van hda - Vien Van hoc, Ha Ndi, 1960, tr. 77 - 86; Nam. Nxb. Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2004, tr.<br /> Ly Te Xuyen: Vtef dien u linh. Sdd, tr. 140 - 149; 376, 377.<br /> Thien uyen tap anh ngQ luc (til lieu Vien Svt hoe ky (8). Vien Nghien ctfu Han Nom: Ten lang xa<br /> hieu thu vien DVv 440), tr. 97 102; Thanh Ttf: Viet Nam ddu the ky XLX thuoc cdc tinh tQ Nghe<br /> Thien sit Viet Nam. Sdd, tr. 71 - 75; Nguyln Lang: Tinh trd ra (cdc tong trdn xa danh bi lam) - Dtfdng<br /> Viet Nam phdt gido sQ ludn, sdd, tr. 132 - 134; va Thi The, Pham Thi Thoa dich va bien soan. Nxb.<br /> trong Dang Van Tu, Nguyen Ta Nhi (chu bien): Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, 1981, tr. 36 - 38.<br /> Dia chi Ha Tay (tai ban cd sQa chiia). Sd Van hda (9). Trong trUdng hdp nay, cd Giao sU Trin<br /> Thong tin Ha Tay, 2007, tr. 632 - 639, sach Dia chi Qudc VUdng da cd each diln giai nhu sau: "Ve mat<br /> Hd Tdy, phan ndi ve Ttf Dao Hanh, sach cd din tu ngii-am hpc-lich sii B (bd) - Ph (phd) la ttf Han am<br /> lieu Van chdu DQc thdnh, hien luu tai Thu vien chuyen sang Dudng am (kieu bueng/phdng,<br /> Vien Nghien cflu Han Nom, ky hieu: AE alO/13, buom/pham)", xem: Lang Bung Trang Bung (Vdi<br /> viet bang chii Nom theo the song tha't luc bat, vdi ddng cdm nghi), trong Tran Qudc VUdng: Theo<br /> 182 cau nhung khong ndi tdi viec DUc thanh sinh dong lich sQ nhQng vung ddt, thdn va tdm thQc<br /> ra 3 nfli dau va nhu the nao. ngtfdi Viet. Nxb. Van hda-Thong tin, Ha Noi, 1996,<br /> (5). Trong sach Viet dien u linh cd chep: "Dao tr. 97.<br /> Hanh lai dtfng phep rut da't, tien ve phia trUdc, an (10). Cac sach chinh sU deu chep truyen Thien<br /> vao bui ram d xa Ngai Cau, thuoc huyen Ttf Liem, sU Ttf Dao Hanh cung sU Giac Hai, sU Minh Khong<br /> hda minh lam con hd gam thet xong ra coi ra't ghe di sang da't Tay Thien hoc dao, tren dUdng cd di<br /> so" xem Ly Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh. Nxb. Van qua nude Kim Xi (Kim Xi Man nUdc moi rang<br /> hoc, Ha Ndi, 1972, tr. 143. Day la mot chi tiet khi vang) thuoc vung Van Nam Trung Qudc ngay<br /> Viet dien u linh viet ve truyen Ttf Dao Hanh cung nay, khi trd ve TU Dae Hanh da tu dac dao va hda<br /> sU Giac Hai va su Minh Khdng tren dudng di hoc d chua Thien Phuc nui Sai Sdn. Cdn Giac Hai va<br /> phdp thuat ttf Tay Thien trd ve, cd le chinh vi Minh Khdng thi ve tu d chtfa Giao Thuy, xem Ly<br /> Thien sU Ttf Dao Hanh da ghi lai da'u a'n d vung Te Xuyen: Viet dien u linh, sdd, tr. 142-144.<br /> Ngai Cau (nay thuoc Hoai Dtfc - Ha Noi) nen nhan (11). Ngay nay, khu Vudn Nd thuoc thdn Ngoc<br /> dan da lap chua thd ngai. Phuc cung xa vdi thdn Dong But.<br /> (6). Cac chtfa: Chua Td'ng, chua Ca, chua Thien (12). Ben canh truyen thuyet dan gian truyen<br /> Vu, chua Ngai Cau nhu vtfa neu tren, ngoai thd lai nhu vay, chung tdi con sUu tim dUdc mot cudn<br /> Thien su Ttf Dao Hanh cdn thd Thien stf Giac Hai tu lieu sao chep vao nam 1973 ttf nguon tu lieu<br /> va Nguyen Minh Khdng. Trong mot cdng trinh chtf Han, noi dung cudn sach kha diy du, cd nhieu<br /> nghien ctfu cua Nguyln Van Tien: Chua Thdy chi tiet trung hdp vdi sach Viet dien u linh v& Linh<br /> (Thien Phuc tii). Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi, Nam chich qudi mk chung tdi da din trong bai. Tu<br /> 2004, tr. 191, trong khi thd'ng ke mot sd'kieu chtfa lieu do dng Do Danh Hoang, ddi 5 thon Dong But<br /> tien phat hau thanh, khdng thay tac gia neu ten cung cip.<br /> Ve noi sinh eua Thien su... 59<br /> <br /> (13). Nguyen van chQ Han nhQ sau: & & H?,3c trieu Ly, cha dng lam deh chQc Tang quan do sat,<br /> OJ m,ik m &,m m tt.w * n %,m v ± tt, ± T (dng TQ Vinh) thQdng du hoc d lang Yen (An)<br /> i f f l , B I S t t f X 4 ! l 3 t l T * tt.W ffl Lang, lay ngudi phu nQ ho Tang, ten la Loan lam<br /> ± s » p t - i ] , ^ 5> ra tp n § * ,g vd, sau do sinh ra TQ Dao Hanh d thdn Ddng Bdt, d<br /> intern<br /> m A ?& + - if-jij A $ m,m day van con nen nha. Me la Tang Thi Loan tu<br /> ^ ¥ m m [...]<br /> « % [ « ] , M & m M, w m m m,m a & $ hanh b xa ThQdng Yen Quye't, tai (chua) Ba Lang<br /> Cam Ung Anh Linh, ngQdi sau dap tUdng de<br /> j?f * ffl ± , i l ft 10 H, J?J A S M S ffir.S # ± m<br /> J* f l j l l M tt $ 3?fl T Jg -pAi&i