Việt Nam mở cửa và hội nhập nhìn từ kinh nghiệm thế kỷ XX

VIET NAM JWd vifA VA HOI NHAP NDIiV Tlf<br /> umu mmiim TII£ KY XX<br /> v u DUONG NINH*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> V i^t Nam dang bu6c vao thap nien<br /> diu ciia the ky XXI. NhQng th^nh<br /> tUu dat dUcfc horn nay chinh la ket qua ciia<br /> la cac si phu ci'p tien ma dai dien la Phan<br /> Boi Chau vk Phan Chau Trinh.<br /> Trong khat vong tim dUdng cUu nUdc,<br /> mot qua trinh da'u tranh giai ph6ng dan too Phan Boi Chau t h i n h \kp Dong minh hoi<br /> va xay dUng da't nUdc. Trong do, quan h^ (1904), de ra mot trong ba nhi$m vu trUdc<br /> dm ngoai d6ng mot vai tro quan trong. mat la "chuan bi xuat dUctng cau vien",<br /> NgUdc dong lich sii cua thl^ ky XX, bM dUdc coi la nhi^m vu quan trong nhi't.<br /> viet de cftp den ba \in md cvla vk hoi nhSp Thi h i n h nhi^m vu xuSft dUdng clu vi^n,<br /> vdi nhQng tha't bai va t h i n h cong de tU do Phan Boi Chau suy tinh: Trong cac li$t<br /> neu len mot vki suy nghi ve nSm bat thdi cd cUdng, neu khong phai la nhiSng nUdc cung<br /> trong sU hoi nhftp horn nay. nen v&n hoa, cung giong da vang thi ho se<br /> I. Viet Nam md cijfa va hoi nhap dau the khong giiip minh; con Trung Quoc da chiu<br /> ky XX - mot thijr nghiem khong thanh nhUdng nUdc ta cho Phap, the lUc suy yeu,<br /> tu ciiu khong xong; chi c6 N h i t Ban, vUa \k<br /> Lich 8\1 Vi$t Nam bu6c vao the ky XX<br /> nUdc da vang lai vUa tan tie'n, "vlly thi bay<br /> duoc phac hoa nhU mot bUc tranh mau am<br /> gid muon tim ngoai vi^n, khong gi bing<br /> dam. Sau g£n niia the ky chinh phuc, de<br /> sang Nhat l i hdn ca" (1).<br /> quoc Phap da thiet Iftp ch§' do thuoc dja<br /> tren manh da't nhy. Cac phong trio chong Nhu vky, Nhat Ban la mlu hinh m i cac<br /> xam lU(?c - tii khdi nghla nong dan den CUQC hoi vien trong Dong minh hoi hUdng tdi.<br /> vSn dong C£n vUdng - deu \in lUdt tha't bai. Vdi t h i n h tUu ciia cong cuoc Duy tan Minh<br /> Cac cuoc da'u tranh nhSm bao v$ nen dpc Tri, Nhat Ban l i quoc gia duy nhi't tren<br /> lap, phuc hdi vUdng trieu tU chu khong con the gidi thoat khoi ach thong tri cua thiic<br /> phii hdp, y thiic h? phong kien da t i n phai, dan Au - My, gin giQ dUdc nen doc lip va<br /> ngUOi ta muon di tim mot con dUdng mdi. vUdn len hang cUdng quoc. Nhi't l i chien<br /> Con dUdng mdi a'y chinh la xu hudng t h i n g cua >Jhit trong chien tranh vdi Nga<br /> dan chii dang \km thiic tinh cac dan toe n i m 1905 da gay tieng vang Idn ve t h i n g<br /> chau A. Doi vdi Vi?t Nam thdi d6, nhutng ldi ciia mot nUdc chau A doi vdi mot nUdc<br /> ngUdi di d^u trong t r i o lUu dan chu chinh chau Au, cua mot dan toe da ving chong lai<br /> <br /> <br /> OS. Dai hoc Quoc gia Hi Npi<br />  Rghlen curu Lich stir. s6 6.2009<br /> <br /> mot dan toe da t r i n g . Ngvidi N h i t tuyen Ngiidc lai, cac quoc gia nho ye'u chinh l i doi<br /> truyen thuyet Dai Dong A, dUa ra chieu bii tUdng xam liidc v i no dich ciia ho. Sii cau<br /> "dong vin, dong chung" n h i m xae l i p vai ket giiia chinh phii N h i t Ban vdi gidi elm<br /> tro ngiidi lanh dao khu vUc. Hudng ve N h i t quyen thiic dan Phap 6 Dong Diidng de<br /> Ban, cac chi si thdi dd ciing co phSn lo ngai true xui't cac n h i each mang 'Viet Nam li<br /> vi N h i t "tii ngiy t h i n g Nga lai cing sinh minh chiing chd chinh sach thuoc dia ciia<br /> da tam" nhiing vSn hy vong vao thuyet ho. Niem hy vong ciia cac Cu d i t vio cac<br /> "dong vin, dong chung" de cd the thuyet "liet ciidng tien tie'n" bi tan vd.<br /> phuc ho giiip d3 binh linh hoic khi gidi v i Nhiing d i u sao phong trao yeu nUdc dIu<br /> liidng thiic. the ky XX ciing da danh di'u mot bildc phat<br /> trien mdi. Nd thoat khoi tinh trang bi o be<br /> Phan Chau Trinh hiidng ve phiidng trdi<br /> trong khudn khd tiing dia phiidng ciia cac<br /> Tay, tie'p n h i n quan diem dan chii tit san,<br /> cuoc khdi nghia nong dan hay phong trio<br /> chong lai che do quan chii phong kien. Tiim<br /> V i n than chong xam liidc. Nd b i t diu<br /> gvTdng cua Cach mang Phap 1789, cua n h i<br /> hudng ra ben ngoai vdi sU hoc hoi va clu<br /> lanh dao My G. Oasinhtdn, ciia nhiing<br /> vien, vUdt qua y thiJtc he phong kien de tiep<br /> ngiidi anh hung Y Matdini v i Garibandi<br /> cin vdi xu hudng dan chu tU san. Canh ciia<br /> ciing trinh do cong nghe hien dai ciia cac<br /> da hi md vdi niem hy vong canh tan v i hoi<br /> niidc Au - My da thiic d^y Cu manh me di'u<br /> dong vao trao lUu the gidi nhUng thdi cd da<br /> tranh chong viidng trieu thoi nat, doi thiet<br /> vUdt qua, ti't ca da thi't bai.<br /> lip che do cong hoa. Cu dien thuyet, viet<br /> sach bao keu goi sii thiic tinh ciia dong bao, Nhiing co' ging d i u tien ciia sii md ciia<br /> truyen ba nhiing tii tiidng tien tie'n ciing v i hoi n h i p d i u the ky XX da khong<br /> nhiing t h i n h tiiu khoa hoc ky t h u i t mong thinh!<br /> di't niidc sanh vai ciing cac li^t ciidng vdi II, Viet N a m m d ciia va hoi n h a p giiifa<br /> phiidng cham "chan ddn khi, khai ddn tri, t h e k y XX - sti c h p n Iiia t r o n g The gidi<br /> hau ddn sinh". Vdi anh hudng rong Idn h a i ciic<br /> k h i p ca niidc, "Cu diidc si phu Duy t i n<br /> Nguyen Ai Qudc/Ho Chi Minh da vUdt<br /> hudng iing diia len t h i n h cao trio yeu<br /> qua cai khung han hep cua cac bic tien boi,<br /> niidc, mot cuoc each mang tan v i n hoa v i<br /> hudng t l m nhin ra the gidi rong Idn dly soi<br /> v i n dong dan quyen soi no'i trong nhiing<br /> dong. Qua cuoc hanh trinh cijtu nUdc khip<br /> namdSuthe'kyXX"(2).<br /> n i m chau bon bien, di qua cac nUdc vin<br /> Cuoi ciing, ca hai xu hiidng cua Phan minh va cac thuoc dia, tie'p xuc vdi nhieu<br /> Boi Chau v i Phan Chau Trinh deu khong loai ngUdi tii chu tU ban den ngUdi no 1?,<br /> t h i n h cong. C6 nhieu nguyen nhan d i n tdi nhin ro cuoc d i u tranh giai phdng dang lan<br /> sii bi't t h i n h dd, song cd the thi'y mot diem rong. Ho Chi Minh da riit ra mot n h i n x6t:<br /> chung chinh l i sii phat trien cua thdi cuoc "Viet Nam la mot bo phan cua thi gidi, cdch<br /> da vUdt len qua xa, cac quoc gia que hiidng mang Viet Nam la mgt bg phan ciia cdch<br /> cua tlf tlidng 'Tii do, Binh ding, Bac ai" mang the gidi". Chan ly i'y tudng nhU gian<br /> ciing nhii ciia cuoc Duy tan Minh Tri noi ddn nhUng da md rong canh ciia tU duy gin<br /> tieng da khong s i n s i n g giiip dd cac dan cuoc di'u tranh ciia dan toe vio phong trio<br /> toe nho yeu di theo con diidng m i ho da di. di'u tranh ciia th^ gidi.<br /> Vi&i Ram md ciSra vo h0t nhflp...<br /> <br /> Tii Dai hpi Tua (1920) qua cac dien d i n hai Clio. Trong bdi canh dd, bi't cii mot qude<br /> ciia Quoc te Cong san den vifc t h i n h l i p gia nhd yeu nao ciing phai tim cho minh<br /> Dang Cong san Vift Nam (1930), Ho Chi mot cho diia, hoic ben niy, hoic ben kia.<br /> Minh b i n g n h i n thiic v i h i n h dong ciia<br /> Nhan dan Vi$t Nam da tien h i n h cupc<br /> minh da ke't noi phong t r i o d i u tranh<br /> khang chien g i n 5 n i m trdi trong dieu kien<br /> trong nudc vdi trao lUu each mang vo san<br /> h l u nhu ddn doc, phai chien di'u trong<br /> the gidi.<br /> vong vay. Den khi Cach mang Trung Quoc<br /> Trong The chien thii Hai, cuoc di'u t h i n h cong, nUdc CHND Trung Hoa ra ddi<br /> tranh giinh doc l i p ciia Viet Nam da hoa (10-1949), bien gidi phia Bic nUdc ta rong<br /> n h i p cung phong t r i o d i u tranh ehdng md, each mang Vi$t Nam thong dUdc vdi<br /> phat xit tren the gidi v i khi chef do quan the gidi ben ngoii. Chuyen di cua Chii tich<br /> phi?t N h i t Ban d i u h i n g thi ciing l i thdi Hd Chi Minh t h i n g 1-1950 da thiet lip<br /> CO de Mat t r i n Vi$t Minh lanh dao Tdng quan h? ngoai giao vdi Trung Quoc, Lien xo<br /> khdi nghia thanh cong. v i cac nudc XHCN khac.<br /> Tren cUOng vi Chu tich Chinh phu lam Day chinh l i l l n md cxia hpi n h i p t h i n h<br /> thdi nudc Vi?t Nam Dan chu Cong Hoi, Ho cong d i u tien ciia n h i nUdc Viet Nam doc<br /> Chi Minh da keu goi nguyen thu cac cUdng lip. Dieu die bi^t ciia sU hoi n h i p l l n niy<br /> quoc hay cong n h i n nUdc Vi^t Nam doc l i p l i Vi?t Nam budc vio the gidi XHCN m i ba<br /> v i ket nap Vift Nam vao Lien Hijp Quoc. mUdi n i m v^ trUdc, Nguyen Ai Qude da<br /> Nhiing no lUc de md canh ciia dUa qude gia chon con dUdng "tin theo Lenin, tin theo<br /> non tre hoi n h i p ciing thd gidi da khong Qude te Ba". Dd l i ket qua ciia 20 n i m d i u<br /> t h i n h - ngUdi My quay di, ngudi Nga im tranh giai phdng dUdi ngon cd ciia Dang<br /> ling, c6 nghla l i de ngd ciia cho thiic dan Cong san. Vi die bi$t, dd l i h$ qua ciia<br /> Phap quay lai tai chiem Dong Dudng. nhUng t h i n g Idi bUdc d i u cua nhan dan<br /> Nhiing n i m d i u ciia cuoc khang chien Vi^t Nam trong cuoc ehdng choi ke thii de<br /> ehdng Phap dU(?c tien h i n h b i n g tinh t h i n qude. Vi^c Vi$t Nam budc vio h i n g ngii cic<br /> v i siic liic cua ban than dan toe Vi$t Nam nudc XHCN ciing l i h? qua cua tinh thd<br /> sue soi ^ chf vi Doc l i p , vi Tu do m i khong "hai cUc" dang chi phoi ddi sdng chinh trj<br /> cd mot sU tri;) giiip n i o tii ben ngoii. quoc te.<br /> T r i t tu hai cUc lanta ngiy cing the hi?n Tii dd, Vi^t Nam n h i n dU(?c sU ddng tinh<br /> tren ban do chinh tri the gidi: Chau Au vdi ung hp v i sU vi^n trq) v i t chi't ciia cac nUdc<br /> Dong Au v i Tay Au, Dong Diic v i Tay Diic, XHCN, da tie'n hanh t h i n g l(?i hai cupc<br /> Dong Beclin v i Tay Beclin; Chau A vdi khang chien ehdng thiic dan Phap v i ehdng<br /> Nam v i Bic ban dao Cao Ly (CHDCND de quoc My. Bing dudng loi doin ket quoc<br /> Trieu Tien v i Dai H i n Dan Qude), CHND td, chiing ta ddn n h i n tinh hiiu nghi v i sii<br /> Trung Hoa vdi Dii Loan. doin ket cua cac dan tpc dang di'u tranh vi<br /> Cupc khang chien d Vi^t Nam b i t ngudn nen dpc l i p dan toe, cua cac doin t h i v i<br /> tii mfiu thuSn dan toe glQa nhan d i n Vi^t nhan si yeu chuong cong ly v i hoa binh thd<br /> Nam vdi chii nghia thiic dan Phap, nhUng gidi. Dieu die bi^t hidm hoi trong lich sii<br /> trong bdi canh cua Chidn tranh lanh, n6 thd gidi l i trong cuoc khang chien ehdng<br /> khdng t h i khong mang d i u I n cua T r i t tU Phap, chiing ta n h i n dupc sU chia se tii<br />  Rghi&i curu Lich sit, stf 6.2009<br /> <br /> phia nhiing nhan si va cac doin the d Phap Tinh hinh phiic tap d Ddng DUOng khi<br /> doi chinh phii nUdc ho chlm diit "cuoc dd bi chi phdi bdi 2 loai mau t h u l n chinh.<br /> chien tranh ban thiu" d Dong DUdng; trong Dd l i mau t h u i n giiia cac nUdc cung y thiic<br /> cuoc khang chien chong My, sinh vien, tri he XHCN, ciing do Dang Cong san lanh<br /> thiic v i nhieu t i n g Idp nhan dan My da dao. V i mau t h u i n vdn ed giiia Vi$t Nam<br /> di'u tranh doi quan doi My riit khdi Vi$t vdi Hoa Ky sau nhieu n i m chien tranh<br /> Nam, dUa linh My ve nUdc. Nhiing phan cing thing.<br /> iing quyet li^t cua nhan dan cac nUdc phan<br /> Ve mau t h u i n thii nhi't cd 2 t i n g ni'c:<br /> doi chinh phu nUdc ho tham chien d Vi^t<br /> mot l i mau t h u i n giiia cac nUdc Trung<br /> Nam trd thanh mot nhan td gdp p h i n vio<br /> Qude, Campuchia v i Vi^t Nam; hai l i mfiu<br /> t h i n g ldi cua nhan dan Viet Nam. Vi dd<br /> t h u i n giiia Trung Qude va Lien Xd, hai<br /> ciing l i thanh cong cua chinh sach md cvla<br /> mau t h u i n n i y ehdng eh6o nhau, tic dong<br /> v i hoi n h i p , lam cho the gidi hieu ro tinh<br /> lan nhau, chi phdi tinh hinh tren ban dao<br /> chinh nghla cua Viet Nam, da'u tranh<br /> Ddng DUdng.<br /> chong lai sU phi nghla v i bao ve sinh menh<br /> cua con em nUdc ho. Qua qua trinh lich svl, chiing ta n h i n<br /> thiic kha rd ve mau t h u l n giiia Vi^t Nam<br /> Trong cong cuoc ciiu nUdc vi Doc lip v i v i Hoa Ky, mau t h u l n giiia nen doc lip<br /> Thdng nha't, dUdng ldi md cvla v i hoi n h i p , dan toe vdi ke xam lUde, ddng thdi l i mau<br /> ndi each khac la dUdng ldi doan ket qude te t h u l n giiia mot nUde XHCN vdi mot nUdc<br /> dUdc danh gia xiing dang l i mot trong DQCN. NhUng phai ching chiing ta chUa<br /> nhiing nhan td gdp phIn vio t h i n g ldi cuoi n h i n thUc diing ve mau t h u l n giiia cac<br /> cung eua thdi ky each mang dan toe, d i n nUdc XHCN mic d i u den niia d i u nhiing<br /> chii. n i m 80, mau t h u l n Trung - Xd da diin ra<br /> III. Viet N a m m d ciia va hoi n h a p cuoi cong khai gin hai chuc n i m trdi. Chiing ta<br /> t h e ky XX - nhutng t h a n h q u a hiidc d a u chi coi dd l i sU bi't ddng ndi bo phong trio<br /> cong nhan quoc te. Nhi't l i trong ly thuyet<br /> Vdi thing ldi n i m 1975, quan h^ dm<br /> ve 4 mau t h u l n cd ban ciia thdi ky qua dp<br /> ngoai ciia nUdc Viet Nam thdng nhi't dUdc<br /> (giiia CNXH v i CNTB, giiia giai d p vo san<br /> md rong, da thiet lip quan he ngoai giao vdi<br /> v i giai ci'p tU san, giQa phong trio giai<br /> nhieu nUdc, gia n h i p Lien Hdp Qude v i<br /> phdng dan toe vdi chii nghla de qude, giQa<br /> tham gia nhieu td chiic qude te khac. NhUng<br /> cac nUdc TBCN) thi khdng ndi den mau<br /> chi sau vai nim, canh ciia lien h^ vdi the<br /> t h u i n giiia cac nUdc XHCN. Do viy, vio<br /> gidi bi ddng s i p lai. Cai goi l i 'Vi'n de<br /> nhiing n i m cum 70 - d i u 80 ciia thd ky<br /> Campuchia" dUdc coi l i nguyen cd tnic tiep<br /> trUdc, phai ching chiing ta da liing tiing<br /> gay nen tinh trang niy. Viet Nam rdi vao<br /> khi ddi m i t vdi mdi mau t h u l n chUa hd<br /> the h l u nhu bi cd lap, chua bao gid vdng vay<br /> tinh ddn? Ma thiic chi't, mau t h u l n giiia<br /> ben ngoii xiet chit git gao den the.<br /> cac nUdc TBCN hoic mau t h u l n giiia cac<br /> Cd nhieu nguyen nhan khich quan va nUdc XHCN deu cd cung mot ban chi't, dd<br /> chii quan d i n tdi tinh hinh nay. Song ve l i mau t h u l n ve ldi Ich qude gia, du r i n g<br /> m i t n h i n thiic, cd doi dieu nen suy nghi. ciing trong mot y thiic h$.<br /> Vl&i Ram md cJra vh h^t nhflp.<br /> <br /> TrUdc tinh hinh dd, ngudi My quay trd xam lUdc mang danh nghla "Lien minh"?<br /> lai t i n g cudng chinh sach thii dich vdi Vipt Ro r i n g l i dao ly ciia cudc sdng nhieu khi<br /> Nam, tien hanh bao vay elm vin. Mot 'lien bi lu md trUdc siic 6p ve chinh tri ma phai<br /> minh qude tg" ehdng Vi^t Nam da hinh qua mot thdi gian lau dii, lich sd mdi cd<br /> t h i n h , gay ra biet bao khd k h i n ve kinh te the phan x6t cdng minh.<br /> - xa hoi d nUdc ta.<br /> Tinh trang ddi d i u giiia hai khdi nUdc<br /> Ddn day ciing cd dieu nen b i n tdi ve mdi ASEAN v i Ddng DUdng nda dau nhiing<br /> quan h$ giQa chi'nh tri v i dao ly. TU sau n i m 80 khdng dem lai ldi ich cho mot ai d<br /> n i m 1975, cing ngiy the gidi cing n h i n rd Ddng Nam A bdi vi ngudn gdc cua tinh<br /> chinh sich dipt chiing ciia t i p doin Khdme hinh dd khdng b i t ngudn tii mdi mau<br /> Dd dUdc sii iing ho eiia nUdc ngoii. Tdi ac t h u l n tnic tiep nao giiia cac nUdc thuoc hai<br /> t i y trdi cua chiing da cUdp di sinh mang khdi. Lich sd hipn dai Ddng Nam A da hdn<br /> ciia 2 tripu ngUdi dan Campuchia (tUdng mot l l n chiing minh r i n g nhiing vu cing<br /> dUOng 1 p h I n 4 dan so), pha hoai nen kinh t h i n g trong khu vUc thUdng l i do tic nhan<br /> te vdn da nghdo n i n v i gay ra nhieu vu tii ben ngoii va dem lai ldi ich cho ben<br /> xam pham vio bien gidi Tay Nam nUdc ta. ngoii. Cho nen trong khdng khi hoi diu<br /> Theo ldi keu goi eua M i t t r i n ciiu nguy tren pham vi thd gidi, cac nUdc Ddng Nam<br /> dan tpc Campuchia, quan doi Vipt Nam A deu mudn di tim bipn phap ciing nhau<br /> ciing vdi lUc lupng yeu nUdc Campuchia da hoi giai va hdp tie.<br /> md cupc tidn cong qu6t sach b6 lii Pdn Pot, Nim 1986, dUdng loi Doi mdi ciia Vipt<br /> hdi sinh di't nUdc "tii con sd khdng". H i n h Nam da budc d i u md ra kha ning vUdt qua<br /> dong thi^n ehi dd da ciiu nguy cho sii tdn tinh trang bi bao viy. Cd the noi trong<br /> vong ciia ca mot dan toe m i Qude vUdng khoang thdi gian giiia hai ky Dai hoi cua<br /> Ndrdddm Xihanue tiing ndi: "Khdng cd bo Dang Cong san Vipt Nam (12/1986 -<br /> doi Vipt Nam giiip dd giai phdng nhan dan 7/1991), dUdng Idi ddi ngoai rong md, da<br /> Campuchia thoat nan dipt chung thi con phUdng hoa, da dang hoa d i n d i n hinh<br /> chau n h i vua ciing chet het". Vi Thii tudng thinh. Nhi't l i sau khi quin doi Viet Nam<br /> Hunxen k h i n g dinh: "Phai thiia n h i n mot da riit toin bd khdi Campuchia (9-1989) thi<br /> sii t h i t li: ndu the gidi cing ddi hdi phai dua nhiing vUdng mic trong quan hp vdi cac<br /> bon d i u sd Khdme Dd ra x6t xd bao nhieu nudc ASEAN, Trung Quoc, Hoa Ky, EU...<br /> thi cing cIn phai ca ngdi sii anh hiing ciia din din dUdc thao gd Tai Dai hoi VII cua<br /> cac chidn si quan tinh nguypn Vipt Nam - Dang d i vang len ldi tuyen bd trinh trong:<br /> nhiing ngUdi da hy sinh than minh vi nhan "Vipt Nam mud'n l i ban cua ti't ca cac nUdc<br /> dan Campuchia bi'y nhieu" (3). trong cdng ddng the gidi phi'n di'u vi hoa<br /> binh, doc lip v i p h i t trien".<br /> Nhung do ldi ich chinh tri, nhieu chinh<br /> phu trong khi vach tpi ac ciia che do dipt LUu y r i n g vipc dinh hUdng v i thiic thi<br /> chiing lai Idn tieng td cao "Vipt Nam xam dudng ldi ddi ngoai theo tinh t h i n Doi mdi<br /> lU(?c Campuchia". Cd ly le cho r i n g sU can dien ra trUdc khi N h i nUdc Lien xd tan ra<br /> thi^p ehl dU(?c coi l i nhan dao khi cd mot (12-1991). Sii kdt thiic che dp Xd viet sau<br /> li§n minh nhieu nUdc tham gia. Chinh dUdi gin ba phIn tu the ky tdn tai l i mot thach<br /> chieu bii dd, ljch sd da chUng kien bao cudc thiic ri't Idn ddi vdi nUdc ta, ching nhiing<br /> 8 Rghito cijru Lich si. s6 6.2009<br /> <br /> ve m i t chinh tri, kinh te m i ca ve m i t tU bdi vi cho diia cii khdng eon m i quan h§<br /> tudng v i quan hp ddi ngoai. Cac lUc lUdng mdi chua xae l i p , chua ra khdi tinh thd bj<br /> doi l i p chd doi mot bien ddng tUdng tii cac bao vay thi sdi day e l m v i n se xidt ch$t<br /> nUdc XHCN Ddng Au se dien ra d Vipt Nam hdn nda. NhUng thiic te da khdng dien ra<br /> vio n i m tiep theo, nhUng dieu dd da khdng nhu viy. Dd khdng phai la sU may rdi m i<br /> xay ra. chinh la do sU nam bdt dung thdi cd, dyt<br /> bdo dung xu the phdt trien, diiu chinh<br /> Trai lai, Viet Nam da vUdt qua dUdc<br /> dung chinh sack doi ngoai vd thitc thi dung<br /> thach thdc vd ciing hiem nguy, tiep tuc md<br /> phuong ch&m da phUOng hod, da dang hod.<br /> rong quan he vdi the gidi, khdi d i u b i n g<br /> viec tham gia ky Hipp dinh Bali, trd t h i n h Cd t h i ndi day la mot t h i n h cdng Idn c6<br /> quan sat vien cua ASEAN (1992). Tiep sau y nghia quyet dinh ddi vdi v i n mpnh cua<br /> (Jo l i cac cuoc vieng t h i m l l n nhau giiia d i t nUdc v i nhd dd ngiy cang hoi n h i p v6i<br /> cac n h i l i n h dao Vipt Nam vdi nguyen thu the gidi, dem lai kdt qua Idn lao v l kinh td<br /> cac nUdc Trung Qude, Ddng Nam A, N h i t v i xa hoi. Vi the cua Viet Nam ngiy cing<br /> Ban, Tay Au v i nhieu nUdc khac tao nen duoc nang cao tren trUdng qude td.<br /> b l u khdng khi hiiu nghi, md ra kha n i n g Den nay, Viet Nam da d i t quan hf<br /> hdp tac ve thUdng mai v i d i u tU. Tinh ngoai giao vdi h l u het cac qude gia, da gia<br /> trang bi bao vay, ci'm v i n dUdc thao gd d i n n h i p cac td chdc khu vUc v i qude td<br /> d i n d l den t h i n g 7-1995, Viet Nam g i t hai (ASEAN, ASEM, APEC, WTO ...) v i trd<br /> dUOc mot vu mua bdi thu ve ddi ngoai: ngiy t h i n h t h i n h vien khdng thudng tnic cua<br /> 11 thidt l i p quan hp ngoai giao vdi Hoa Ky, Hpi ddng bao an Lien Hipp Qude (nhi^m k^<br /> ngiy 17 ky Hipp dinh khung vdi EU, ngiy 2008-2009). Vipc md rpng quan h§ ngoai<br /> 28 gia nhap ASEAN, l i t h i n h vien thd 7 giao da tao dieu kipn thuc d i y thUOng mai<br /> cua td chdc khu vUc niy. v i d i u tu, d l y manh h(?p t i c qude td tr§n<br /> moi llnh vUc, cai thipn mot each ro ring<br /> Nhu viy, tren ching dudng 10 n i m Ddi<br /> dieu kipn kinh td v i xa hoi cda d i t nUdc.<br /> mdi d i u tien, quan hp doi ngoai cua Vipt<br /> Dd chinh l i t h i n h cdng cd ban n h i t cda lln<br /> Nam da thiic hien t h i n h cdng 2 vi$c Idn:<br /> md cda v i hoi n h i p cda Vipt Nam vio cuoi<br /> giai toa tinh trang bi bao vay cd l i p v i bUdc thdkyXX.<br /> d i u md cda hdi n h i p quoc te. Mot trong<br /> nhiing nhan td chu yeu nhi't d i n den Ket luan<br /> t h i n h cdng chinh l i Vipt Nam d i n i m b i t Trong xu thd t o i n c l u hoa cda thd gidi,<br /> dUdc sii chuyen ddng cua tinh hinh tren vipc hdi n h i p qude td l i didu t i t ydu, khdng<br /> binh dipn the gidi den pham vi khu vUc di mot quoc gia n i o ed t h i ddng ngoii vong<br /> td dd hoach dinh ddi sach dung d i n v i xoay cda thdi cupc. Dieu khac bi§t quan<br /> thich hdp cua nUdc n h i . D i t gia thidt r i n g trong l i tham gia vio quy dao chung cua<br /> neu nhu trong nhiing n i m nda sau t h i p ky loii ngUdi mot each thu dgng hay chu ddng.<br /> 80 khdng cd each nhin mdi de dinh ra Ndu khdng n h i n thdc dUdc xu thd p h i t<br /> dUdng ldi ddi mdi thi sau khi Lien Xd tan trien thi se ddng ngoii cupc v i h\ ldi cudn<br /> ra, v i n mpnh di't nUdc se ra sao? Chic theo mpt each h\ dong. Ndu ngUOc l^i thi sfi<br /> chin r i n g trong quan hp ddi ngoai, Vipt budc vio "san choi" mpt each chu dpng, c6