Xu thế hội tụ trong lĩnh vực truyền thông

CONG NGHE VIEN THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> XU THG HOI TU<br /> TRONG UNH VUC<br /> TRUV6N THONG<br /> <br /> Nguyen Trung Kien, Nguyen Dinh X u i n<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> M O I T R l / a N G TRUYEN THONG DA DANG<br /> Truyen thong bao gom Vien thong, Tmydn thbng theo nghia don giin li sir trao ddi<br /> Internet, Phat thanh, truyen hinh.. thbng tta. Tuy nhien, tuy khoang each tmydn tta,<br /> M i c du hien tai cac giai phap l(y thuat loai thbng tta vi eich thQe trao ddi giua ddi tugng<br /> thu'c hien cac mang nay van phat cap tta vi ngubi nhin tta din ddn cie giii phip ky<br /> trien theo sir doc lap tu'dng doi vdi thuat khae rtaau, vi du:<br /> nhau nhurng net chu dao dang du'dc - Viee trao ddi thbng tin giua 2 (hoae mbt rtabm<br /> ky vong va cung dang d i i n ra trong ca nhan) can thidt lap eie keita trao ddi thbng tta<br /> thu'c te la sur hinh thanh cua mpt moi rieng (conversation)<br /> tru'dng tich hdp chung, moi tru'dng<br /> - Cac thbng tta tdng hgp hubng den sd lugng lbn<br /> nay lam nen tang cho cac dich vu<br /> ngubi rtaim phuc vu cie rtau cau tta tQc, giai tri thi<br /> truyen thong hdp nhat (UC- Unified<br /> Commnication). Sur chuyen doi theo<br /> xu hiTdng nay dien ra trong cac khia General SmiCB PBrBOHlizfld[Patm) Per9onali7ing(Aelm]<br /> <br /> <br /> canh khac nhau: tuTphia thiet bj ngu'di<br /> dung cuoi, phu'dng thuTc truy nhap,<br /> mang chuyen tai va giai phap cung<br /> cap djch vu... Bai bao gidi thieu mot<br /> so thong t i n ve sd cur cung nhii cac y<br /> tu'dng va giai phap cho sur chuyen doi<br /> hu'dng den moi tru'dng truyen thong<br /> hdp nha't nay.<br /> [m speed liuSlme^<br /> Dob<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 1: Cac loai hinh thong tin<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 3 2 I TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 (5.2010)<br />  CONG NGHE VIEN THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> taubng dugc phat quang bi (broadcast) he sau (NGN).<br /> <br /> - Cic thbng tta dugc phit quing bi tbi mbt nhbm<br /> han ehd ngubi (mutitcast), vi du mbt nhbm eimg S U HOP NHAT CUA CAC M O I TRUONG<br /> <br /> xem mbt phim. TRUYEN THONG<br /> <br /> - V.V.. NhuYig life day cho sii hdp nhat<br /> <br /> Cae thbng tta ttao ddi duge bieu dien dubi cae Ddi vbi cie mang cd dinh, mang PSTN vi ISDN<br /> hinh thQc khac nhau (tinh da phuong tten): ttdng ehu ydu eung cap dich vu thoai vi dieh vu tmydn<br /> nbi, htah arta, van ban, miu sic... vi cie thbng tta htah. Nhimg nam gan diy, viec bimg nd cic thue<br /> niy duge cam nhin boi eic giac quan khie nhau bao vi nhu cau su dung tatemet. Ngubi dimg eb the<br /> eua eon ngubi nhu mit, mm, tai.... Cie phuong su dung dubng tmydn tatemet ngiy cing cao, vl du<br /> tien truyen dat dugc phit trien trube diy thubng dimg ADSL. Kdt ndi tatemet cho phep ngubi dimg<br /> dugc thidt kd tdi uu cho eie loai thbng tta, ching su dung ei dieh vu ttao ddi theo thbi gian thuc:<br /> han, tta hieu radio su dung ttong dii phit tharta chat, trb choi true tiep, VoIP.<br /> mang cie thbng tta gigng nbi tu cic phit thirta Sir bimg no ve dau cuoi di dong: (sd lieu thdng ke<br /> vien den tai ngubi nghe, tmyen hinh mang ca tidng thing 6 nam 2007, cb 3 ty diu cudi di dbng, ngubn<br /> nbi vi htah arta den ngubi xem. Sir htah thirta cac Mobile World). Cic thidt hi niy tieh hgp sin nhidu<br /> he thdng eung cap thbng tta citag rtau timg nhbm til nguybn eho eie Qng dung. Cie dau cudi niy cb<br /> khich hing tao nen vb vin eic mang thbng tin dbc eac Qng dung lubn kdt ndi mang. Db li mbt su phit<br /> lap: cic dii phat thirta, eie co quan thbng tan, dii trien CO ban cua kha nang cung cap Qng dung.<br /> tmydn htah.. Nhu cau tiao ddi thdng tin ngang hang: Cic img<br /> Thbng tta li mbt til nguysn quy gii, vbi ngubi dung khbng cbn tdn tai rieng biet b cac thuc the<br /> cb thbng tta thi lim sao ban cho cing rlhidu ngubi ehl eb giao dien ttao ddi thbng tta vbi ngubi dimg<br /> cing tdt cbn vbi ngubi su dimg thi cing duge tidp mi cbn cb nhimg ttao ddi thbng tta ngang hing<br /> can vbi nhieu thbng tta thi cing tdt. Cac rtai eung (peer-to-peer) vbi eae thuc the khae, vi du: chia se<br /> cap dieh vu Truydn thbng hien tai rtaan thay van de duybt weh. Do db, khii niem img dung can dugc<br /> niy vi citag ra sue td chQc eie he thdng nhim phue dinh nghia lal kha nang kdt ndi: kha nang thidt lip<br /> vu cho eie khich hing mgt each tdt rtaat, mbt mang ket ndi ngang hing dua tten cie thiet bi hd trg giao<br /> nhu viy khbng thd chi li mbt mang Vidn thbng, thuc IP. Day li yeu cau vi dbng lire chtah cho viec<br /> mang tatemet hay mang truyen hinh dge lap ma a hgp rtaat giQa dau eudi dl dbng va dau eudi cd dirta<br /> diy can phai Ii mang da dich vu hd ttg tat eie eie nbi rieng, su hgp rtaat di dbng vi cd dtab b cic mat<br /> loai htah niy, cung cb the ggi day li mbt Mang the khie nbi chung.<br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 (5.2010) 33<br />  CONG NGHE V I E N THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> Everything over dugc td chQc lai de boat dbng tten chuyen mach gbi:<br /> IP<br /> Dich vu phat thanh: Tnrbc diy phat su dung eic<br /> bing tin AM, FM vi vimg phu hi gibi han eua vQng<br /> IP to and from<br /> Everywhere phu vb mydn bin kirta tQ vii chue ddn vii tram km.<br /> Khi ehuyen sang mang IP dieh vu niy eb the phit di<br /> mgi noi tren the gibi midn li eb tatemet vi khbng<br /> IP over<br /> Everything can trang bi rihieu thiet hi cbng suat lbn.<br /> Dich vu giii tri: Trabc day trlrta dien tip tnmg tai<br /> Hinh 2; Loi Ich cua viec IP hoa cac sin khau, rtai hat, rap, sin van dgng; ngiy nay<br /> cb the xem qua cie dieh vti VoD, khaeh hing eb thd<br /> xem tQ xa vi bien phbng a cua gia dtah thinh cic<br /> kn-MilMli<br /> Phn<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> I<br /> ftOfC<br /> d ftone m 3G0(rtD-Wa<br /> studio thuc su.<br /> Dich vu thoai: Trabc day su dung he thdng chuyen<br /> bum<br /> fH'<br /> '""^<br /> mtftm<br /> \4' mach kerta TDM vbi mgt mb htah phQc tap phan cap<br /> CMVdillt<br /> IF C3, C4, C5.. vi phien lien lac duge thiet lap duy tri<br /> T I<br /> <br /> trong sudt thbi gian thoai nen hieu suat thap vi gia<br /> thirta eao. Khi chuyen sang IP thi ludng dQ lieu duge<br /> .y^.— chuyen thinh eie gbi kich thube xic dinh, dQng eac<br /> MdeoGamePtayeis<br /> <br /> ky thuat ma hoi nbn lim giim yeu eau bang thbng<br /> Hinh 3: Qua trinh phat trien cua dau cuoi nen hieu suat su dung tii nguyen cao, gii re.<br /> Dich vu Traydn htah trabc diy su dung phit<br /> Cac giai doan hdp nhat<br /> quang ba vb tuydn sau db Ii trayen hinh cable vi<br /> Truyen thong thdi ky tru'dc NGN<br /> hien nay citag dugc ehuyen tal tren mang IP vbi<br /> Tra lal rtaung nam 70-80 khi tatemet ehua phd ten mbi li IPTV. Vbi dieh vu niy khich hing khip<br /> bidn eic dieh vu tmyen thbng IQc db eb the thay noi tren tatemet cb the xem dugc vbi cae mQe chat<br /> rtau dien thoai (ed dirta, di dgng GSM, CDMA), phit lugng theo yeu eau.<br /> tharta, tmyen htah quang bi, tmydn dQ heu nhu<br /> Mbt diem ban ehd a giai doan niy li dQ cic dich<br /> X25... vi chi mbt bb phan nhb ngubi din duge tiep<br /> vu tmydn thbng da duge IP hoi rtaimg xbt tren gbc<br /> xQe vbi eic dich vu niy. Vung phu cua eie dich vu<br /> do dieh vu thi chimg vin li cie de dao, chimg duge<br /> rat han chd, dich vu don giin vi ehu ydu mbi phue<br /> thidt kd dbc lap nhau: Cb he thdng dieu khien rieng,<br /> vu cho cbng viec. Viec phuc vu eho giai tri cbn thieu<br /> cb dau eudi rieng, giao thQc rieng vi he thdng quan<br /> thdn, neu mudn ngubi din phai den cic diem phuc<br /> vu tap tmng: rap chieu phim, rtai hit...<br /> Thdi ky dau NGN<br /> <br /> Trong thbi ky dau eua mang NGN diy cb the col<br /> li thbi ky IP hoi thue te li didn ra su hbi tu chuyen<br /> mach gbi vi chuyen mach kenh. Cic Qng dung<br /> tmydn thbng vdn duge thidt kd eho mang chuyen<br /> mach kbnh hay phit quang b i vb tuydn tmbe diy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 34 TAP CHi CNTT&TT KY 1 ( 5 . 2 0 1 0 )<br />  CONG NGHE V I E N THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> Iy rieng. Didm hbi tu dat dugc b diy Ii ehimg ddu<br /> chay tten giao thuc IP, giao tauc IP cb the ehay tten<br /> vb sd eic giao thQe lbp dubi khie rtaau, cac phuang<br /> tien trayen tai vat ly khie rtaau (quang, dien). Vi<br /> vay ngubi ta ggi li "Every thtag over IP" vi "IP over<br /> every thtag".<br /> Tien tdi sit hdp nhaft trong NGN<br /> <br /> Trong thbi gian tbi xu the hgi tu giQa di dbng vi<br /> cd dinh tao cho vien thbng mbt bb mat mbi, diy<br /> li mang da dich vu rtaung khbng phai li eie dieh<br /> vu don le mi ehimg kdt hgp vbi rtaau su dung eie<br /> tii nguyen chung: Dau cudi. He thdng dieu khien,<br /> mang trayen tai... Hinh 6: Kien true cua phan dieu khien<br /> <br /> Tren the he mang niy ngubi ta phin ra li eac nhbm dieh vu: Hbi thoai (Convsrsation), ludng (sttsamtag),<br /> tuong tie (tatsraetive), ndn (background)., dd mang<br /> eb the bidt de phin biet eich ddi xu vbi cie loai luu<br /> lugng.<br /> Diem khac biet so vbi gian doan trabc diy Ii Mang<br /> hbi tu (PMC) hubng den sQ dung mbt he thdng didu<br /> khien ehung eho mgi loai dieh vu xoi di bien gibi<br /> giua eie de dao lim cho don gian hoi ttong giao<br /> tidp vbi khich hing.<br /> <br /> <br /> G I A I P H A P KY T H U A T<br /> Coverage<br /> Hinh 4: Cac chuan tmyen thong De thue hien theo ehien luge niy mbt sd giai phip<br /> sau duge dua ra:<br /> Ve phia dau cudi<br /> Thidt hi thbng mtah ban, hd ttg nhidu co chd tray<br /> [RFRMACl EtlienietMAC<br /> ™i c ] I ATM I rtaap, trinh didn (voles, vidso, van ban) tuong tu<br /> nhu mbt miy ttah xich tay...<br /> iBPRPHvl lOCbE lOGbE Gb£ Ve phia mang truy nhap:<br /> LANPHV WAN PHY PHY<br /> <br /> - Su dung nhidu cbng nghs mbi nhim ting bing<br /> GFP<br /> thbng chat lugng eic phien Uen lac:<br /> S O N E T ; SDH<br /> • Mobile networks: 3G, 3.5G, WlMax, LTE<br /> zuz.<br /> G.709 OCh distal\vrapper./optK:alclia]mel<br /> m<br /> • Wired LAN: Ethemet, Fast Ethemet, Gigabit<br /> Op deal fibre / G.652, G.6S3 etc. Ethemet<br /> <br /> Hinh 5: Cac cong nghe tnjyen dan<br /> • WirelsssLAN: Ila/b, llg, 1 In<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 ( 5 . 2 0 1 0 ) I 35<br />  CONG NGHE V I E N THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ^^'^(^^^ ^^z^Y;;:H'-r.^(s^r.<br /> CP<br /> <br /> SP,<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ^<br /> • • •<br /> IMS X<br /> Hinh 7: Ha tang phat trien dich vu X<br /> Ltolti-access<br /> • Fixsd Itas accsss nstworks: ADSL, ADSL2+,<br /> VDSL, VDSL2, EPON (Ethsmst PON, 0.6 hay I.25G),<br /> GPON (Gigabit Capable PON, 2.5G)<br /> Smxt-fhtt^<br /> Ve phia mang t r u y e n t a i : ^<br /> \/e phia he thdng dieu khien<br /> <br /> Dd cic Qng dung tren ndn giao thuc IP trao ddi<br /> Hinh 8: Cac cong nghe tich hpp cho giai phap tdng the ciia NGN<br /> vbi rtaau, ehung ta can cb mbt ca ehd thieh hgp.<br /> Mang thoai hien nay cung cap co chd niy li rat khien da phuang tien tren ndn IP cb tirta toin eau,<br /> ban chd. Mudn thidt lap phien ket ndi ngang hing, he thdng IMS [2]. IMS eho phbp cie Qng dung chay<br /> mang thidt lap mbt ket ndi ad-hoe giQa hai dau eudi tren eie dau eudi hd trg giao thQc IP eb the dd ding<br /> thbng qua mang IP. Han ehd kdt ndi IP niy chi dip thidt lap kdt ndi ngang hing diem-diem, hoac kdt<br /> Qng vbi rtaimg mbi trabng mbt nhi eung cap dieh vu ndi diem-nhi cung cap nbi dung (peer-to-eontent).<br /> tien tatemet, mbt he thdng dbng; tiao ddi giua cac Su dung phin he IMS do 3GPP phat trien vi dugc<br /> rtai eung cap dieh vu. bd sung bbi TISPAN ETSI vbi sd giao thue giam cbn<br /> Do db, chQng ta can mbt he thdng mang didu vii 3 giao thQe nhung hieu nang eao vi hd trg nhieu<br /> dieh vu phQc tap<br /> Ve he thong cung cap dich vu<br /> <br /> De don gian vi nharta chbng eho viec phit trien<br /> eie dieh vu gia tang, ehimg ta cb giii phip dQng<br /> phan tu giao tidp phat trien dich vu (APP Gateway)<br /> nhu Parlay Gateway hay gan diy li SDP (Service<br /> DeUvery Platiorm). Cic he thdng niy hd trg eac<br /> Nhi eung cap ngi dung hoic Nhi eung cap dieh vu<br /> (VASP) phit trien vi eung cap dieh vu rtaanh chbng.<br /> SDP cung hd ttg VASP trong viee quan ly eic CP.<br /> Nhu vay, eie mbi trabng trayen thbng dang hbi tu<br /> <br /> <br /> 36 TAP CHI CNTT&TT KY 1 ( 5 . 2 0 1 0 )<br />  CONG NGHE V I E N THONG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> tang vbi CP, bin lai tii nguyen cho cie<br /> xVWO hay ehuyen viee cham sbe khich<br /> hing eho eie ebng ty ben ngoii ddng thbi<br /> da vi dang ed ging ma rbng vimg phu<br /> cua dieh vu, keo duge nhieu khich hing<br /> ban vi dam bao chat lugng phan ha tang<br /> dichvu<br /> <br /> <br /> KET LUAN<br /> <br /> Mbi trabng trayen thbng da dieh vu li<br /> mong mudn cua eie nhi cung cap dieh<br /> vu rtaim eung cap eho khich hing cie<br /> tainh mang trayen thbng hgp nhat cho eic dieh vu dieh vu phong phQ vi tien tien nhat. Cie<br /> khic rtaau, su dung eic ebng nghe Uch hgp. td ChQc chuan hba vi cic nhi nghien cQu dang tip<br /> trung nghien cQu vd cic van dd niy. Hien nay, su<br /> hgi tu giua chuydn mach ksrta vi ehuysn mach gbi<br /> TRIEN KHAI T A I VIET NAM<br /> citag rtau sir hbi tu ed dinh vbi di dgng li tidn dd<br /> Viet Nam li mbt trong itaitag nube eb toe do phit<br /> thue day eho sir phit tridn rtaanh chbng cua cac<br /> trien cao rtaat vd vien thbng trbn thd gibi do cie<br /> cbng nghs/glai phip cb tinh tich hgp eao vi didn<br /> chuta sach ebi ma trong mang niy, vibe niy kso<br /> binh a diy li giai phap didu khien IMS vi nen tang<br /> taeo sir phit trien eua ea so ha tang mang (CSHT).<br /> phin phat ngi dung SDP eb kha nang hd ttg didu<br /> Cic nhi khai thic mang b Viet Nam Uen tidp ra dbi<br /> khien ehung cho mgi loai htah dich vu cung nhu<br /> vi tham gia vio thi trabng vbi eie trang hi gan nhu<br /> Uen ket rtai cung cap nbi dung tao nen su da dang<br /> hien dai rtaat tren the gibi tao ra mgt su sbl dbng<br /> phong phu trong cie dieh vu gia tang tten nen<br /> ciia su canh trarta vi dieu niy mang lai rihieu lgi ieh<br /> mang vidn thbng mbi. Cie cbng nghe ndn tang tao<br /> cho ngubi dimg.<br /> nen mang IP cimg dang dugc hoan thien de tao nen<br /> Xu hubng hbi tu cung da htah thinh vi bit dau mbi trabng bang rbng tray nhip quang den khich<br /> dugc thue hien tten thue td. Sir chuyen hba mb htah hing. Cie nhi khai thic vien thbng Ibn b Viet Nam<br /> kirta doanh tten mang NGN da vi dang didn ra. nhu VNPT, Vletel.. dang tung bube tridn khai eic<br /> Hisn nay da xuat hisn cie Nhi khai thie di dbng ao cbng nghs niy vio mang cua mtah.<br /> (MVNO), eic CP ngoii tham gia vio kinh doanh dieh<br /> vu Vidn thbng ttong khi khbng cb co so ha tang tray<br /> Tai lieu t h a m l