Analog and digital signals

To transform an analog signal into a digital one, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples the input at fixed interval and do the conversion.

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After studying this chapter you will be able to: Understand how to convert the analog to digital signal, have a thorough grasp of signal processing in linear time-invariant systems, understand the z-transform and Fourier transforms in analyzing the signal and systems, be able to design and implement FIR and IIR filters.

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This chapter introduce sampling and reconstruction. After studying this chapter you will be able to: Sampling theorem, spectrum of sampling signals, anti-aliasing pre-filter, analog reconstruction. Inviting you refer.

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Chapter 2 introduce you to quantization. In this chapter, you will learn to: Quantization process, digital to analog converters (DACs), A/D converters, oversampling noise shaping,...and another contents.

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Transmission Basics In data networking, transmit means to issue signals to the network medium Transmission refers to either the process of transmitting or the progress of signals after they have been transmitted

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In this section, we see how we can represent digital data by using digital signals. The conversion involves three techniques: line coding, block coding, and scrambling. Line coding is always needed; block coding and scrambling may or may not be needed.

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Data can be analog or digital. The term analog data refers to information that is continuous; digital data refers to information that has discrete states. Analog data take on continuous values. Digital data take on discrete values.Data can be analog or digital. Analog data are continuous and take continuous values. Digital data have discrete states and take discrete values.

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Topics in Digital Communications Digital communication system advantages and disadvantages Digital communication system classification Digitization of analog signals Digital transmission systems Data communication systems Integrated Services Digital Network and other advanced digital communication systems.

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Hindawi Publishing Corporation EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing Volume 2008, Article ID 289184, 11 pages doi:10.1155/2008/289184 Research Article Multirate Formulation for Mismatch Sensitivity Analysis of Analog-to-Digital Converters That Utilize Parallel ΣΔ-Modulators ¨ Anton Blad, H˚ kan Johansson, and Per Lowenborg a Division of Electronics Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Link¨ping University, Sweden o Correspondence should be addressed to Anton Blad, antonb@isy.liu.

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In this Unit, the operation of each block on Main Unit will be introduced. After study complete, users are able to use KL-62001 as measurement and assist tool for KL-620 experiments. Discussion: When connecting CHIP to the GND, the analog signal received from A/D Converter will send to single chip for decoding and output to 7 segment display? When sending the analog signal to the PC, the signal should be converted to digital format. As the result, this technique will be used when connecting the main unit to the PC. Check next exercise?...

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Dữ liệu tương tự, tín hiệu số • Ứng dụng – Dùng để truyền dữ liệu tương tự trên mạng truyền dữ liệu số • Tận dụng các ưu điểm của truyền dẫn số (thiết bị rẻ, dùng repeater, TDM, …) Analog and digital transmission Analog data Digital data Analog Analog signal signal Analog Analog signal signal

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The A/D allows conversion of an analog input signal to a corresponding 8-bit digital number. The output of the sample and hold is the input into the converter, which generates the result via successive approximation.

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A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of information • N = 2n where N is the number of representations and n is the number of bits (ex. ASCII, Unicode, PCM code etc.) • Data communications transfer information using codes that are transmitted as signals (either analog or digital) • In general, analog lines provide a slow service that contains high error rates.

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In modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), computers in a broad sense are used in every instrumental module and at every stage of analysis. Computers control the flow rate, eluent composition, temperature, injection volume, and injection process. Detector output signal is converted from analog form into the digital representation to recognize the presence of peaks, and then at higher level of computer analysis a chromatogram is obtained. All these computer-based functions are performed in the background, and the chromatographer usually does not think about them.

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IMAGE QUANTIZATION Any analog quantity that is to be processed by a digital computer or digital system must be converted to an integer number proportional to its amplitude. The conversion process between analog samples and discrete-valued samples is called quantization. The following section includes an analytic treatment of the quantization process, which is applicable not only for images but for a wide class of signals encountered in image processing systems.

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The analog output modules convert digital signals from the PLC into analog signals for the process. The modules feature the following: Resolution from 12 to 15 bit Various voltage and current ranges: The ranges are set independently for each channel using parameterization software. Interrupt capability: The module transmits diagnostic alarm messages to the controller’s CPU in the event of errors.

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