Brain activity regulates

Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins were originally identified as negative regulators of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling via their GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity. All RGS proteins contain evolutionarily conserved RGS domain; however, they differ in their size and regulatory domains. RGS1 and RGS10 are smaller than other RGS proteins, and their functions involve various inflammatory responses including autoimmune responses in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation is the chronic inflammatory response in the CNS.

5p caothientrangnguyen 09-05-2020 28 2   Download

We have recently identified an Ets element controlling over 90%of the basal expression of the human presenilin 1 (PS1) gene. We have also shown that Ets1 and Ets2 act as trans-activators of the PS1 gene by cotransfection experiments in SK-N-SH neuronal cells. The PS1 gene is widely but dif-ferentially expressed across tissues and the expression in brain appears to be restricted to neurons. To gain further insight into the regulation of the gene we have examined the regulation of PS1 by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). ...

7p tumor12 22-04-2013 29 4   Download

Synaptophysin, one of the major proteins on synaptic vesi-cles, is ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain. Syn-aptophysin and synapsin I, another synaptic vesicle protein, are also expressed by retinoic acid-induced neuronally dif-ferentiated P19 teratocarcinoma cells. Here, we show that inhibition of histone deacetylase activity in P19 cells is suf-ficient to activate transcription of the synaptophysin and synapsin I genes, indicating that neuronal differentiation and impairment of histone deacetylases results in a similar gene expression pattern....

8p tumor12 20-04-2013 29 1   Download

The regulation of adenosine kinase (AK) activity has the potential to control intracellular and interstitial adenosine (Ado) concentrations. In an effort to study the role of AK in Ado homeostasis in the central nervous system, two iso-forms of the enzymewere cloned fromamouse brain cDNA library. Following overexpression in bacterial cells, the cor-responding proteins were purified to homogeneity.

9p awards 05-04-2013 37 2   Download

The extracellular signal regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) are essential for normal development and functional plasti-city of the central nervous system. However, a growing number of recent studies in models of cerebral ischemia, brain trauma and neurodegenerative diseases implicate a detrimental role for ERK1/2 signaling during oxidative neuronal injury. Neurons undergoing oxidative stress-rela-ted injuries typically display a biphasic or sustained pattern of ERK1/2 activation.

7p dell39 03-04-2013 40 3   Download

The newestmember of themitogenactivatedprotein (MAP) kinase family of proteins, extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 (ERK5; also known as big-mitogen activated kinase 1 or BMK1) is widely expressed in many tissues including the brain. Although growth factor activation of ERK5 innon-neuronal cells has been shown to contribute to cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation, until recently no information was available on the role of ERK5 in neuronalsurvival.

4p dell39 03-04-2013 51 4   Download

We have previously shown that lovastatin induces apoptosis in spontane-ously immortalized rat brain neuroblasts. Focal adhesion proteins and pro-tein kinase Cd(PKCd) have been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis. We found that lovastatin exposure induced focal adhesion kinase, Crk-asso-ciated substrate (p130 Cas ), PKCdcleavage and caspase-3 activation in a con-centration-dependent manner. Lovastatin effects were fully prevented by mevalonate.

13p dell39 27-03-2013 41 3   Download

Beta-amyloid (1–40) (Abeta), the main component of senile plaques seen in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients, was found to be toxic both as fibrils and smaller soluble globular aggregates. The hydrolytic properties of Abeta, a new biochemical activity described previously [Brzyska M, Bacia A & Elbaum D (2001)Eur J Biochem268, 3443–3454], may contribute to its overall toxicity.

14p inspiron33 23-03-2013 37 4   Download

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has recently been identified as a modulator of neuronal plasticity and can initiate conversion of the pro-form of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into its mature form. BDNF also increases t-PA gene expression implicating t-PA as a downstream effector of BDNF function.

13p galaxyss3 19-03-2013 65 3   Download

Protein kinase Ce is expressed at higher levels in the brain compared to other tissues such as the heart and kidney, suggesting that it plays an important role in the nervous system. Several neural functions of PKCe, including neurotransmitter release and ion channel regulation, have been identified using PKCe knockout mice.

7p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 46 4   Download

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-jB) has been proposed to serve a dual func-tion as a regulator of neuron survival in pathological conditions associated with neurodegeneration. NF-jB is a transcription family of factors com-prising five different proteins, namely p50, RelA⁄p65, c-Rel, RelB and p52, which can combine differently to form active dimers in response to external stimuli.

9p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 25 3   Download

The vascular network of the brain is formed by the invasion of vascular sprouts from the pia mater toward the ventricles. Following angiogenesis of the primary vascular network, brain vessels experience a maturation pro-cess known as barriergenesis, in which the blood–brain barrier is formed.

14p vinaphone15 25-02-2013 32 3   Download

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) regulate a vari-ety of cellular functions, including differentiation and proliferation. STAT3 and STAT5 are known to play important roles in brain processes, such as energy homeostasis and neuronal development. We isolated a novel splicing variant ofSTAT5Afrom a cDNA library of the mouse brainstem.

12p viettel02 20-02-2013 32 4   Download

As the origin of a life-and-death signal detected from systemic arterial pressure, which sequentially increases (pro-life) and decreases (pro-death) to reflect progressive dysfunction of central cardiovascular regulation during the advancement towards brain stem death in critically ill patients, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a suitable neural substrate for mechanistic delineation of this fatal phenomenon.

9p toshiba23 18-11-2011 46 2   Download