Common network layer protocol

This chapter is an introduction to the application layer. In the next eight chapters we introduce common client-server applications used in the Internet. In this chapter, we give a general picture of how a client-server program is designed and give some simple codes of their implementation. The area of network programming is a very vast and complicated one; it cannot be covered in one chapter. We need to give a bird’s-eye view of this discipline to make the contents of the next eight chapters easier to understand.

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The IMS supports several end-to-end QoS models (described in 3GPP TS 23.207 [13]). Terminals can use link-layer resource reservation protocols (e.g., PDP Context Activation), RSVP, or DiffServ codes directly. Networks can use DiffServ or RSVP. The most common model when cellular terminals are involved is to have terminals use link-layer protocols and to have the GGSN map link-layer resource reservation flows to DiffServ codes in the network. As mentioned in Chapter 8, the PCC (Policy and Charging Control) architecture includes QoS control.

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