Congestion and facility

In the context of city logistics, freight transportation is one of the prominent causes of traffic congestion, high levels of pollution, and safety concerns. To decrease the negative impact of these issues, different methods have been traditionally implemented. On the one hand, the location of urban consolidation Centers (UCCs) near a city can be used to consolidate freight delivery services.

12p toritori 11-05-2020 15 0   Download

Livestock was reared mostly in rural areas while milk and milk products were consumed both in rural and urban areas. Because the marketable surplus of milk available with individual farmers was too small to justify a trip to the nearest town, it was sold to middlemen who often exploited the farmers by charging an amount in excess of the cost of their services, reducing farmers’ returns on the one hand and charging higher prices to the consumers on the other. The Plan document noted that some milk production also took place in ‘congested and insanitary pockets by gujar...

42p conduongdinhmenh 07-05-2013 39 3   Download

Much of this debate reflects differences in analysis scope (Litman 2009b). Highway expansion advocates tend to focus on traffic congestion reduction objectives and ignore the negative effects of induced vehicle travel and sprawl. 1 Advocates of investments in alternative modes tend to consider a wider range of impacts and objectives, including traffic congestion reduction, parking cost savings, consumer cost savings, accident reductions, improved mobility for non-drivers, energy conservation, pollution reductions, and public fitness and health. ...

50p trinhcaidat 22-04-2013 50 5   Download

The maintenance of road pavements in England has become a costly necessity, due largely to the large volume of commercial vehicles using the roads which cause pavements to deteriorate quickly, and makes their repair more difficult to carry out. These roadworks incur not only direct works costs, but also indirect costs from factors such as congestion, motor accidents and pollution. There is obviously a need for cost-effective maintenance that minimises the occurrence and duration of these disruptions.

381p ngocdbk50 25-03-2013 69 11   Download

Distance-based insurance reflects the principle that prices should be based on costs. It gives consumers a new way to save money by returning to individual motorists the insurance cost savings that result when they drive less. Motorists who continue their current mileage would be no worse off on average then they are now (excepting any additional transaction costs), while those who reduce their mileage save money. Distance-based pricing can help achieve several public policy goals including actuarial accuracy, equity, affordability, road safety, consumer savings and choice.

330p quaivatxanh 01-12-2012 45 6   Download

When small, independent providers want to negotiate with multiple health plans, large insurers exert enormous pressure to stop them. The statewide trade group for doctors in New York sued UnitedHealth Group Inc., the nation’s second-largest health insurer by enrollment, for allegedly using illegal coercion in just such a scheme to limit competition.26 In a separate matter UnitedHealth agreed to pay $400 million to settle multiple suits alleging price fixing and other anti-competitive behavior.

36p quaivatxanh 01-12-2012 61 4   Download