Endocrine system Endocrine system

It has been reported that postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is correlated with the degeneration of the central nervous system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine and immune dysfunction.

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The microbiota is a heterogeneous ecosystem consisting of diverse microorganisms unique to an individual, playing a crucial role in maintaining human body homeostasis. The microbiota, as a suggested endocrine organ, is also capable of producing and regulating hormones, playing an important role in food processing, synthesis of vitamins, pathogen displacement, and influencing functions of distant systems and organs.

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Origanum onites L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family which is commonly used for symptomatic treatment of the diseases of the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and respiratory systems in Turkish ethnobotanical studies and public. In this study our aim was to investigate the physiological effects of O. onites essential oil (OE) on A549 human lung cancer, MIA PaCa human pancreas cancer and HUVEC human endothelial cell lines. Our findings showed that O. onites OE treatment at all concentrations (4.79–191.

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Thyroid cancer accounts for 1% of all cancers. This is the most common type of malignant tumor affecting the endocrine system. The disease usually progresses slowly, mainly develops locally and metastases of neck lymph nodes. If detected early, it is possible to select appropriate treatment methods which will result in high efficiency. Objectives: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of selected differentiated thyroid cancer patients in laparoscopic surgery.

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PAX6 is a homeodomain transcription factor that acts in a highly dosage-sensitive manner to regulate the development and function of the eyes, nose, central nervous system, gut, and endocrine pancreas. Several individual microRNAs (miRNA) have been implicated in regulating PAX6 in different cellular contexts, but a more general view of how they contribute to the fine-tuning and homeostasis of PAX6 is poorly understood.

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Functional communications between nervous, endocrine and immune systems are well established in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Circulating hemocytes act as fundamental players in this crosstalk, whose functions are conserved during the evolution of the main groups of metazoans. However, the roles of the neuroendocrineimmune (NEI) system in shrimp hemocytes during pathogen infection remain largely unknown.

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Endocrine Disruptors (ED) are substances that impede the normal performance of the endocrine system. It leads to several adverse effects on health such as abnormalities of the reproductive, skeletal, immune, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular system as well as several types of carcinomas. These could be either naturally occurring organic substances such as phytoestrogens or artificially synthesised chemicals employed in the manufacture of plastics, plasticizers, pesticides, synthetic hormones, pharma compounds etc.

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The enhanced knowledge of cancer biology has led to considerable advancement in systemic therapy for advanced breast cancer. Recently, studies showed that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, when added to endocrine therapy, had improved the outcomes of patients with advanced ER-positive HER2- negative breast cancer.

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Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is increasingly used in the treatment of breast cancer, yet it is clear that there is significant geographical variation in its use in the UK. This study aimed to examine stated practice across UK breast units, in terms of indications for use, radiological monitoring, pathological reporting of treatment response, and post-treatment surgical management.

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In dermatomyostis (DM) patients, inflammation, reduced activity, and medication have a negative impact on the musculoskeletal system. Several endocrine factors are involved in muscle growth and bone turnover.

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Abnormal activation of human nuclear hormone receptors disrupts endocrine systems and thereby affects human health. There have been machine learning-based models to predict androgen receptor agonist activity.

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This chapter includes contents: Endocrine glands, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, other endocrine glands, chemical signals.

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Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant disease of the endocrine system. Previous studies indicate a rapid increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in recent decades, and this increase has aroused the great public concern.

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(BQ) This text is not offered as the quintessential text on physical examination; it is presented, as the title states, as a handbook of physical examination and practical skills. We also believe that as U.S. health care evolves, so will this text, with requisite changes and adaptations. In this text, the important elements that will not change are those that comprise an appropriate exam and quality care. No matter which discipline the provider represents, quality is critical.

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Study aimed to characterise treatment and outcomes for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) within a large regional cancer centre, as a benchmark for evaluating real-world impact of novel therapies.

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The survival and well-being of all species requires appropriate physiological responses to environmental and homeostatic challenges. Disruptions in homeostasis (ie, stress) place demands on the body that are met by the activation of 2 systems, the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Stressor-induced activation of the HPA axis and the SNS results in a series of neural and endocrine adaptations known as the “stress response” or “stress cascade.

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Lactation starts with active contraction of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveoli, this process is termed milk ejection, or milk let down. These myoepithelial cells contract when stimulated by oxytocin, a hormone released from the neurohypophysis of the pituitary as a result of a neuro-endocrine reflex. The afferent side of the reflex consists of sensory nerves from the mammary glands, particularly the nipples or teats. Afferent information reaches the hypothalamus, which regulates the release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis.

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After completing chapter 34, you will be able to: Describe the organs of the alimentary canal and their functions; explain the functions of the digestive system’s accessory organs; identify the nutrients absorbed by the digestive system and where they are absorbed; describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various common diseases and disorders of the digestive system.

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After completing chapter 35, you will be able to: Describe the general functions of hormones and the endocrine system; identify the hormones released by the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and other hormone-producing organs, and give the functions of each; explain the effect of stressors on the body; describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various endocrine disorders.

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The hormones are related to body composition may play an important role male and female in infected HIV patients. We were using both male and female (Beck Depression Inventory Questionnaire). In the current study, we assessed the Endocrine system, the Hypothalamus and Pituitary it can be challenging to problems in people with HIV because certain symptoms may be associated with altered levels of more than one hormone. Such subtle imbalances may have a major impact on quality of life, and there are so many people many benefit from testing of hormone levels and supplementation with HIV patients.

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