Epigenetic modifications

Aging is a main risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases associated with the impairment of endothelial function in both sexes. In the present study, age-related changes in vascular responsiveness, epigenetic modifications of vessel wall, and blood biomarkers related to endothelial functions were examined in an age- and sex-dependent manner.

11p nutifooddau 27-01-2019 9 0   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học General Psychiatry cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Epigenetic modifications in rheumatoid arthritis...

9p thulanh14 17-10-2011 47 3   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài:Epigenetic modifications as key regulators of Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia biology

5p toshiba24 06-12-2011 43 3   Download

Recombinant cell lines developed for therapeutic antibody production often suffer instability or lose recombinant protein expression during long-term culture. Heterogeneous gene expression among cell line subclones may result from epigenetic modifications of DNA or histones, the protein component of chromatin.

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Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor that regulates the expression of defensive antioxidants and detoxification enzymes in cells. In a previous study, we showed that expression of the Nrf2 gene is regulated by an epigenetic modification. Rauvolfia verticillata, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely used in China, possesses anticancer and antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated how Nrf2 is epigenetically regulated by reserpine, the main active component in R. verticillata, in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells.

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The tumor suppressor gene CDH1 is critical for intercellular adhesion. In our previous work, we reported a nonfunctional CDH1 transcript that lacks the final 83 base pairs of exon 8 (1054del83). In this work, we probed the role of histone epigenetic modifications as well as DNA methylation in selection of this isoform.

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DNA methylation of CpG dinucleotides is an essential epigenetic modification that plays a key role in transcription. Widely used DNA enrichment-based methods offer high coverage for measuring methylated CpG dinucleotides, with the lowest cost per CpG covered genome-wide.

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Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells requires precise control of gene expression that depends on specific spatial and temporal epigenetic regulation.

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The methylation of cytosines at CpG dinucleotides, which plays an important role in gene expression regulation, is one of the most studied epigenetic modifications. Thus far, the detection of DNA methylation has been determined mostly by experimental methods, which are not only prone to bench effects and artifacts but are also time-consuming, expensive, and cannot be easily scaled up to many samples.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene targets. Accurate quantification of miRNA expression using validated internal controls should aid in the understanding of their role in epigenetic modification of genome function.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise species of short noncoding RNA that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recent studies have demon-strated that epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and his-tone modification, not only regulate the expression of protein-encoding genes, but also miRNAs, such as let-7a, miR-9, miR-34a, miR-124, miR-137, miR-148 and miR-203.

12p cosis54 05-01-2013 27 3   Download

Multicellular organisms comprise a variety of cell types that have the same genotype but distinct phenotypes. This diversity is possible because of the establishment of a specific epigenetic landscape that stabilizes gene expression profiles that are exclusive for a particular cell type.

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The success of social insects is governed by remarkable levels of phenotypic plasticity displayed by colony members which is mediated by epigenetic inheritance. Waddington originally defined epigenetics as the study of the mechanisms that led to the development of a particular phenotype from a given genotype. Social insects have been primary model systems used for understanding the importance of insect DNA methylation. Epigenetic states are initiated by some type of environmental stimulus.

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It is generally believed that DNA methylation, as one of the most important epigenetic modifications, participates in the regulation of gene expression and plays an important role in the development of cancer, and there exits epigenetic heterogeneity among cancers.

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Histones undergo extensive post-translational modifications and this epigenetic regulation plays an important role in modulating transcriptional programs capable of driving cancer progression.

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Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression and other genomic functions without altering the underlying DNA sequence. It is associated with gene expression and the expression of different phenotypes mainly by a level of genetic regulation which is independent of the DNA sequence and transmitted somatically or inherited through modification of DNA regions and allows organisms on a multigenerational scale to switch between phenotypes.

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In breast cancer, the epithelial to mesenchyme transition (EMT) is associated to tumour dissemination, drug resistance and high relapse risks. It is partly controlled by epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and methylation.

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Gene expression and repression in insects is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms i.e. DNA Methylation, Histone modification and Noncoding RNAs which influence the phenotypic modification. In recent days insects are used as models in studying epigenetics. RNA interference (RNAi), also known as RNA silencing, refers to a set of molecular processes in which noncoding RNA molecules target and silence the expression of specific nucleic acids.

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Nutrition is believed to be a primary contributor in regulating gene expression by affecting epigenetic pathways such as DNA methylation and histone modification. Resveratrol and pterostilbene are phytoalexins produced by plants as part of their defense system.

18p vimoscow2711 29-08-2020 3 0   Download

Epigenetic modifications play important roles in the regulation of gene expression determining cellular phenotype as well as various pathologies such as cancer. Although the loss of keratin 13 (KRT13) is reportedly linked to malignant transformation of oral epithelial cells, the molecular mechanisms through which KRT13 is repressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear.

8p vialabama2711 21-09-2020 6 0   Download