Evaluated lag intervals
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Spirituality. Finally, spirituality may be another important variable in a cancer patient’s experience. Spirituality may buffer against the negative effects of life stressors. It has been demonstrated that spirituality can enhance physical and psychological well-being (Oxman, Freeman, & Manheimer, 1995), and predicts various health outcomes (Levin, 1994). In fact, Levin (1994) reviews more than 250 published empirical studies on the largely beneficial health effects of religious or spiritual practice.
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