Genes and genomes

Epigenetic defects (gain or loss of DNA methylation) of the human ICR1 11p15 domain result in two opposite foetal growth disorders (BWS and SRS) depending on which parental allele is affected. A few deletions within ICR1 have been reported in familial BWS cases with ICR1 gain of methylation, however the mechanism(s) of the DNA methylation defects at ICR1 remains largely unknown in most BWS and SRS patients.

83p runthenight07 01-03-2023 9 3   Download

The development of fruits without fertilization is known as parthenocarpy. Parthenocarpy improves the fruit quality, processing attributes, production and productivity of vegetable crops like tomato, cucumber, watermelon etc. Absence of seeds can enhances the shelf life of the fruits, allowing a better conservation, fruit set in adverse climatic conditions, early and offseason production of vegetable crops. Therefore, it is important to ensure yield stability regardless of environmental conditions.

20p gaocaolon5 14-06-2020 17 3   Download

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are common genetic changes in the human genome. In recent time, many scientists have shown their interests in studies on SNPs’ roles in the pathological risk especially in cancer and metabolic diseases.

27p tamynhan0 15-06-2020 18 1   Download

Understanding the genetic complexity of traits is an important objective of small grain temperate cereals yield and adaptation improvements. Bi-parental quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage mapping is a powerful method to identify genetic regions that co-segregate in the trait of interest within the research population. However, recently, association or linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) became an approach for unraveling the molecular genetic basis underlying the natural phenotypic variation.

17p partimesinhvien 08-05-2020 17 1   Download

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1, HIV-1, genome encodes a highly conserved regulatory gene product, Vpr (96 amino acids), which is incorporated into virions in quantities equivalent to those of the viral Gag protein. In infected cells, Vpr is believed to function during the early stages of HIV-1 replication (such as transcription of the proviral genome and migration of preintegration nuclear complex), blocks cells in G2 phase and triggers apoptosis.

10p system191 01-06-2013 46 4   Download

We report here the direct evidence for the formation of alternative DNA structures in a plasmid DNA, termed pTIR10, containing a 0.23-kb pyrimidine/purine-biased (Pyr/Pur) stretch isolated from the rat genome. Long Pyr/Pur sequences are abundant in eukaryotic genomes, and they may modulate the biological activity of genes and genomes via formation of various types of triplex-related structures. The plasmid DNA in sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.35) was deposited on APS-modified mica, and after drying it was imaged with an atomic force microscope in air. ...

5p system191 01-06-2013 34 3   Download

The case of homologous monomeric c-type and oligomeric b-type crystallins has been described and analyzed in evolutionary terms. Data and hypotheses from molecular genetics and structural investigations converge and suggest a novel three-phase model for the evolutionary history of crystallin-type proteins. In the divergent cascades of monomeric and oligomeric crystallins, a pivotal role was played by alterations in the gene segments encoding the C-terminal extensions and the intermotif or interdomain linker peptides.

9p system191 01-06-2013 41 4   Download

We report here the full coding sequence of a novel mouse putative membrane-associated mucin containing three extracellular EGF-like motifs and a mucin-like domain consisting of at least 20 tandem repeats of 124–126 amino acids. Screening a cosmid and a BAC libraries allowed to isolate several genomic clones. Genomic and cDNA sequence comparisons showed that the gene consists of 25 exons and 24 introns covering a genomic region of  52 kb. The first intron is  16 kb in length and is followed by an unusually large exon ( 9.5 kb) encoding Ser/Thr-rich tandemly repeated sequences....

10p system191 01-06-2013 44 4   Download

Manganese lipoxygenase was isolated to homogeneity from the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis. The C-terminal amino acids and several internal peptides were sequenced, and the information was used to obtain a cDNA probe by RT/PCR. Screening of a genomic library of G. graminis yielded a full-length clone of the Mn-Lipoxygenase gene. cDNA analysis showed that the gene spanned 2.6 kb and contained one intron (133 bp). Northern blot analyses indicated two transcripts (2.7 and 3.1 kb). The deduced amino-acid sequence of the Mn-Lipoxygenase precursor (618 amino acids, 67.

8p system191 01-06-2013 36 4   Download

The siglecs (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins) are a distinct subset of the Ig superfamily with adhesion-molecule-like structure. We describe here a novel member of the siglec protein family that shares a similar structure including five Ig-like domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail containing two ITIM-signaling motifs. Siglec10 was identified through database mining of an asthmatic eosinophil EST library. Using the Stanford G3 radiation hybrid panel we were able to localize the genomic sequence of siglec-10 within the cluster of genes on chromosome 19q13.

14p system191 01-06-2013 43 6   Download

The human MUC4 gene encodes a large membrane-associated mucin, characterized by a mucin tandem repeat domain and a growth factor-like transmembrane domain. In addition to the originally published sequence (sv0-MUC4), several MUC4 cDNA sequences (called sv1-MUC4 to sv21MUC4, MUC4/X, MUC4/Y) from various tissues and cell lines have been recently described. They differ from sv0MUC4 by deletions and/or insertions located in the 3¢ region or, for two of them, by deletion of the central repetitive domain.

8p research12 01-06-2013 42 4   Download

During the development of multicellular organisms, both transient and stable gene expression patterns have to be established in a precisely orchestrated sequence. Evidence from diverse model organisms indicates that this epigenetic program involves not only transcription factors, but also the local structure, composition, and modification of chromatin, which define and maintain the accessibility and transcriptional competence of the nucleosomal DNA template.

6p research12 01-06-2013 33 4   Download

We have characterized a glycosylated, 31 amino-acid peptide of 4932 Da isolated from Drosophila melanogaster males. The mature peptide contains a sugar moiety of 1184 Da at a NDT consensus glycosylation site and a disulfide bond. It is synthesized in the male ejaculatory duct via a 54 amino-acid precursor containing an N-terminal signal peptide and Arg-Lys at the C-terminus which is cleaved off during maturation. The gene contains an intron of 53 bp and is localized in the cytological region 99B of the D. melanogaster genome....

9p research12 01-06-2013 39 4   Download

The primary purpose of the present study was to investi-gate whether DNA replication at meiotic prophase also requires replication factors, especially proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We cloned PCNA cDNAs (CoPCNA) from a cDNA library made from basidia of the basidiomycete,Coprinus cinereus. Interestingly, although CoPCNAis a single-copy gene in the genome, two di€er-entPCNAcDNA species were isolated using degenerate primers and a meiotic cDNA library, and were designated asCoPCNA-aandCoPCNA-b. ...

11p research12 29-04-2013 43 4   Download

Yellow stem borer has been identified as a major insect pest of deepwater rice, causing severe yield losses. Bt gene(s) from Bacillus thuringiensis have been proven very effective in pest resistance program. The use of transgenic plants expressing Bt gene(s) is now occupied effective approach to control insect infestation. We have successfully introduced a synthetic cryIA(b) gene into embryogenic calli of a deepwater indica rice variety, Vaidehi, by using the biolistic method of transformation.

6p zingzing09 24-04-2013 54 1   Download

Leaf explants of Echinacea purpurea L. taken from aseptically germinated seedlings were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strains EHA105, carrying a binary vector conferring herbicide resistant bar gene and fungal resistant chitinase gene. Glufosinate ammonium‐resistant shoots were regenerated on a medium containing BAP and NAA at a concentration of 4.88 and 0.053 μM, respectively. A subsequent transfer of shoots to medium containing BAP was necessary for stem elongation and leaf development.

11p zingzing09 24-04-2013 35 2   Download

Genomic sequencing has identified three different typical plant aspartic proteinases in the genome ofArabidopsis thaliana, named Pasp-A1, A2 and A3. A1 is identical to a cDNA we had previously isolated and the two others pro-duceproteins 81and63%identical to that predictedprotein. Sequencing of the aspartic proteinase protein purified from Arabidopsisseeds showed that the peptides are derived from two of these genes, A1 and A2.

10p research12 23-04-2013 32 1   Download

Froma cDNA library of Chinese scorpionButhus martensii Karsch, full-length cDNAs of 351 nucleotides encoding precursors (named BmKIM) that contain signal peptides of 21 amino acid residues, a mature toxin of 61 residues with four disulfide bridges, and an extra Gly-Lys-Lys tail, were isolated. The genomic sequence of BmKIM was cloned and sequenced; it consisted of two exons disrupted by an intron of 1622 bp, the largest known in scorpion toxin genomes, inserted in the region encoding the signal peptide. The cDNA was expressed inEscherichia coli....

8p research12 23-04-2013 35 2   Download

The complete coding sequence of a BDIX rat gene homo-logous to the human ABO gene was determined. Identifi-cation of the exon–intron boundaries, obtained by comparison of the coding sequence with rat genomic sequences from data banks, revealed that the rat gene structure is identical to that of the human ABO gene. It localizes to rat chromosome 3 (q11-q12), a region homolo-gous to human 9q34.

8p research12 23-04-2013 39 2   Download

Aquaporin adipose (AQPap), which we identi®ed from human adipose tissue, is a glycerol channel in adipocyte [Kishida et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem.275, 20896±20902]. In the current study, we determined the genomic structure of the human AQPap gene, and identi®ed three AQPap-like genes that resembled (95%)AQPap, with little expression in human tissues.

13p research12 23-04-2013 33 2   Download