History of the Internet

The chapter has several objectives: To give a brief history of the Internet; To give the definition of the two often-used terms in the discussion of the Internet: protocol and standard; To categorize standard organizations involved in the Internet and give a brief discussion of each; To define Internet Standards and explain the mechanism through which these standards are developed; to discuss the Internet administration and give a brief description of each branch.

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In Chapter 1 we mentioned that the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) uses Internet protocols. When the IMS needs a protocol to perform a particular task (e.g., to establish a multimedia session), the standardization bodies standardizing the IMS take the Internet protocol intended for that task and specify its use in the IMS. Still, no matter how simple this may sound, the process of choosing protocols to be used in the IMS can sometimes get tricky. Sometimes, the Internet protocol that is chosen lacks some essential functionality, or does not even exist at all. ...

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History Design Principles Kernel Modules Process Management Scheduling Memory Management File Systems Input and Output Interprocess Communication Network Structure Security History Linux is a modem, free operating system based on UNIX standards. First developed as a small but self-contained kernel in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, with the major design goal of UNIX compatibility. Its history has been one of collaboration by many users from all around the world, corresponding almost exclusively over the Internet.

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THE HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS According to UNESCO statistics, in 1997, there were 2.4 billion radio receivers in nearly 200 countries. The figure for television was 1.4 billion receivers. During the same year, it was reported that there were 822 million main telephone lines in use world-wide. The number of host computers on the Internet was estimated to be 16.3 million [1]. In addition to this, the military in every country has its own communication network which is usually much more technically sophisticated than the civilian network. ...

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