Kenneth e. harper

A problem frequently encountered in the automatic parsing of Russian texts is the correct structuring of prepositional phrases in sentences. Studies of text samples indicate that, when other criteria are absent, the syntactic governors of prepositions can be determined with a high degree of accuracy by reference to the relative position and part-ofspeech of elements in the clausal environment.

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A study by Kenneth E. Harper indicates that word order in Russian scientific writing is sufficiently similar to that of English to permit word-for-word translation from Russian to English. Further study of Russian texts shows that word order in scientific Russian is sufficiently different to require analysis, for translation purposes, based on form and function rather than on word-for-word correspondence.

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Ambiguity, both syntactic and semantic, a problem that arises in the translation of Russian to English because of polysemantic forms in Russian, can be resolved by an analysis of the context in which the polysemantic form occurs.

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The extent of the problem of multiple meaning in translation is illustrated in this analysis of a sample page of Russian scientific text. The use of an idioglossary represents only a partial solution to the problem. AN ANALYSIS of a sample page of Russian scientific text 1 revealed the following distribution of words, with respect to semantic clarity or ambiguity:

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The difficulty is not so much one of word order as of syntactic and semantic ambiguity of individual words. Regardless of the treatment of the problem of inflected forms, for example, it is impossible in the majority of instances to identify the grammatical case of Russian nouns. In addition to syntactic ambiguity, multiple equivalents must be assigned to a large percentage of words (to an estimated 45% of the running words in a physics text).

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