The Chemical Elements

The alumina refining industry is one of a number of global industries that produce process waters containing mercury. The research program detailed in this dissertation focuses on processes for removing mercury from Bayer digestion condensate streams. Bayer refinery digestion condensate is chemically unique because it exhibits high pH and is chemically reducing, thermodynamically favouring the presence of elemental mercury.

192p runthenight05 01-03-2023 5 3   Download

It was demonstrated that Poly(p-Xylylene) (PPX) could be prepared from α,α’-Bis(Alkoxy or Aryloxy) –p-Xylenes via chemical vapor decomposition (CVD)- method. This is one-step process and there are side products by the CVD-process. This effect depends both on the CVD- condition and the properties of the starting monomer. The structure and thermal behavior of the material were characterized by FTIR, UVvis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, DTA and DSC.

14p 12120609 01-06-2020 17 1   Download

The thesis aims to successfully fabricate NaHAp films doped separately and simultaneously with microelements: sodium, magnesium, strontium, fluorine, copper, silver and zinc on 316L stainless steel substrate to meet the requirement of screw bracing bone. Study on physicochemical characteristics, study on toxicity, antibacterial ability and bio-compatibility of NaHAp films separately and concurrently with trace elements.

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Mer belongs to the Tyro 3 family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Together with Axl and Rse, the three RTKs are believed to play important functional roles in the male gonads because gene knockout male mice lacking all of these receptors are infertile. In the present study, postnatal expression of Axl and Rse in mouse testes decreased during maturation while expression of Mer increased age-dependently during testicular development.

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A series of thylakoid membrane proteins, including PsbX, PsbY and PsbW, are synthesized with cleavable signal peptides yet inserted using none of the known Sec/SRP/Tat/ Oxa1-type insertion machineries. Here, we show that, although superficially similar to Sec-type signal peptides, these thylakoidal signal peptides contain very different determinants.

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Haematopoiesis, the differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells and progenitors into various lineages, involves complex interactions of transcription factors that modulate the expression of downstream genes and mediate proliferation and differentiation signals. Commitment of pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells to the erythroid lineage induces erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells. This process involves a concerted progression through an erythroid burst forming unit (BFU-E), an erythroid colony forming unit (CFU-E), proerythroblast and an erythroblast....

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The citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle is a central element of higher-plant carbon metabolism which provides, among other things, electrons for oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane, intermediates for aminoacid biosynthesis, and oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis from succinate derived from fatty acids via the glyoxylate cycle in glyoxysomes. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is a typical mitochondrial pathway and is widespread among a-proteobacteria, the group of eubacteria as de®ned under rRNA systematics from which mitochondria arose. ...

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We have isolated and studied the cloned sigma factors SASIG1-3 from mustard (Sinapis alba). In functional ana-lyses using both promoter and factor mutants,the three recombinant proteins all had similar basic properties but also revealed differences in promoter preference and requirements for single nucleotide positions. Directedmuta-genesis of SASIG1 identified critical residues within the conserved regions 2.4 and 4.2 necessary for binding of the )10 and)35 promoter elements,respectively.

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The expression of the major protein kinase C substrate MARCKS (myristoylatedalanine-richCkinase substrate) is controlled by the stability of its mRNA. While the MARCKS mRNA is long living in quiescent fibroblasts (t1/2¼14 h), its half-life time is drastically reduced (t1/2¼2 h) in cells treated with phorbol esters to activate protein kinase C (PKC) or treatedwith growth factors. In a first step to study the underlying mechanism we identified both acis-element on the MARCKS mRNA and the cor-responding trans-acting factors. ...

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The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ofChlamydia trachomatis serotype E was isolated from tissue culture-grown element-ary bodies and analyzed structurally by mass spectrometry and 1 H, 13 Cand31 P nuclear magnetic resonance. The LPS is composed of the same pentasaccharide bisphosphate aKdo-(2–8)-aKdo-(2–4)-aKdo-(2–6)-bGlcN-4P-(1–6)-aGlcN-1P (Kdo is 3-deoxy-a-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid) as reported forC. trachomatisserotype L2[Rund,S.,Lind-ner,B.,Brade,H. and Holst,O. (1999)J. Biol. Chem.274, 16819–16824].

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Selenium is a trace element found in freshwater and the marine environ-ment. We show that it plays a major role in spicule formation in the demo-sponge Suberites domuncula. If added to primmorphs, an in vitro sponge cell culture system, it stimulates the formation of siliceous spicules. Using differential display of transcripts, we demonstrate that, after a 72-h expo-sure of primmorphs to selenium, two genes are up-regulated; one codes for selenoprotein M and the other for a novel spicule-associated protein....

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Serum response factor (SRF) is a MADS transcription factor that binds to the CArG box sequence of the serum response element (SRE). Through its binding to CArG sequences, SRF activates several muscle-specific genes as well as genes that respond to mitogens. The thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of core-SRF (the 124–245 fragment of serum response fac-tor) with specific oligonucleotides from c-fos anddesminpromoters, were determined by spectroscopy.

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The phosphoproteins HPrSerP and CrhP are the main effectors for CcpA-mediated carbon catabolite regulation (CCR) inBacillus subtilis. Complexes of CcpA with HPrSerP or CrhP regulate genes by binding to the catabolite responsive elements (cre). We present a quantitative analysis of HPrSerP and CrhP interaction with CcpA by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealing small and similar equilibrium constants of 4.8 ± 0.4 lm for HPrSerP–CcpA and 19.1 ± 2.5 lmfor CrhP–CcpA complex dissoci-ation.

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As a critical step of the preinitiation complex assembly in transcription, the general transcription factor TFIIB forms a complex with the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) bound to a promoter element. Transcriptional activators such as the herpes simplex virus VP16 facilitate this com-plex formation through conformational activation of TFIIB, a focal molecule of transcriptional initiation and activation.

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N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be associated with increased risk of colon cancer, whereas n-3 PUFAs may have a protective effect. We examined the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on the colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 derived from a primary tumour, and SW620 derived from a metastasis of the same tumour.

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Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is induced by many proin-flammatory and pro-oxidant factors. Among them, tumor necrosis factora (TNFa), a pivotal early mediator that regulates and amplifies the develop-ment of inflammation, is one of the strongest PAI-1 synthesis activators. Location of the TNFa response element in the PAI-1 promoter is still ambiguous.

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In vascular smooth muscle cells and several other cell types, inhibition of Na + ⁄K + -ATPase leads to the expression of early response genes, including c-Fos. We designed this study to examine whether or not a putative Na + i ⁄K + i-sensitive element is located within the c-Fos5¢-UTR from )650 to +103 containing all known response elements activated by ‘classic’ stimuli, such as growth factors and Ca 2+ i-raising compounds.

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Iron regulatory protein-1 binding to the iron-responsive element of mRNA is sensitive to iron, oxidative stress, NO, and hypoxia. Each of these agents changes the level of intracellular ATP, suggesting a link between iron levels and cellular energy metabolism.

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I will discuss experiments which probe the large-scale organization of mitotic chromosomes, using a combination of chemical modifi-cations and micromechanical force measurements. Restriction nucleases cause dissolution of the chromosome, indicating that DNA itself is the contiguous structural element of the chromosome. Therefore the non-DNA (i.e., protein) components must be isolated from one another, suggesting that the mitotic chromosome is best thought of as a network or gel of chromatin.

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Translation initiation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs through an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located at its 5¢-end. As a positive-stranded RNA virus, HCV uses its genome as a common template for translation and replication, but the coordination between these two pro-cesses remains poorly characterized.

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