The defense against

Antimicrobial peptides form one of the first lines of defense against invading pathogens by killing the microorganisms and/ormobilizing the host innate immune system. Although over 800 antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from many different species, especially insects, few have been reported frommarinefish. Sequenceanalysisof twogenomic clones (15.6 and 12.5 kb) from the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus(Walbaum) resulted in the identification of multiple clustered genes for novel pleuro-cidin-like antimicrobial peptides....

11p tumor12 20-04-2013 28 2   Download

In the horseshoe crab, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces exocyto-sis by granular hemocytes, resulting in the secretion of various defense molecules, such as lectins and antimicrobial peptides, via a G protein-mediating signaling pathway. This response is a key component of the horseshoe crab innate immune response against infectious microorganisms. Here, we report an endogenous amplification mechanism for LPS-induced hemocytes exocytosis.

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The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for main-tenance of photoreceptors and normally functions under conditions enriched with reactive oxygen species. RPE therefore expresses various defense enzymes against oxida-tive stress, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 catalyzes heme breakdown to release iron, carbon monox-ide, and biliverdin, which is reduced to bilirubin, a potent radical scavenger. HO-1 expression is induced by various environmental factors, which has been established as a def-ense mechanism....

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We have previously shown that high density lipoprotein is the most abundant protein in the carp plasma and dis-plays bactericidal activityin vitro. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of its principal apolipoproteins, apoA-I and apoA-II, in defense. Both apolipoproteins were isolated by a two step procedure involving affinity and gel filtration chromatography and were shown to display bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic activity in the micromolar range against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including some fish patho-gens. ...

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Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional molecule present in mammalian secretions and blood, plays important roles in host defense and cancer. Indeed, Lf has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of cancerous mammary gland epi-thelial cells and manifest a potent antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus and human cytomegalo-virus. The Lf-binding sites on the cell surface appear to be proteoglycans and other as yet undefined protein(s).

15p dell39 03-04-2013 46 5   Download

Fish skin mucus contains a variety of antimicrobial proteins and peptides that seem to play a role in self defense. We previously reported an antibac-terial protein in the skin secretion of the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, which showed selective antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to isolate and structurally and functionally characterize this protein.

12p inspiron33 23-03-2013 47 4   Download

Reactive oxygen species contribute to the development of various human diseases. Ischemia is characterized by both significant oxidative stress and characteristic changes in the antioxidant defense mechanism. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has a potent ability to increase cell survival in response to oxidative stress. In the present study, we have investigated the protective effects of PEP-1–HSP27 against cell death and ischemic insults.

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The product of gene At3g16450.1 fromArabidopsis thalianais a 32 kDa, 299-residue protein classified as resembling a myrosinase-binding protein (MyroBP). MyroBPs are found in plants as part of a complex with the glucosinolate-degrading enzyme myrosinase, and are suspected to play a role in myrosinase-dependent defense against pathogens.

12p vinaphone15 28-02-2013 30 3   Download

Tarocystatin from Colocasia esculenta, a group-2 phytocystatin, is a defense protein against phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi. It is com-posed of a highly conserved N-terminal region, which is homological to group-1 cystatin, and a repetitive peptide at the C-terminus.

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Glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in defense against oxidative stress. The availability of GSH is ensured in tissues by systems devoted to its mainte-nance in the reduced state and by the flux of GSH and cysteine between sites of biosynthesis and sites of utilization. Little is known about the effect of oxidative stress on the distribution of low-molecular-mass thiols and their exchange rate between tissues.

13p vinaphone15 25-02-2013 46 4   Download

Whereas significant knowledge is accumulating on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of host defense peptides (HDPs) and their synthetic mimics, much less is known of their activities against parasites. A variety ofin vitro andin vivo antiparasitic assays suggest that these notorious anti-microbial compounds could represent a powerful tool for the development of novel drugs to fight parasites in the vertebrate host or to complement current therapeutic strategies

9p viettel02 20-02-2013 40 3   Download

Raw Sockets let you program at just above the network (IP) layer You could program at the IP level using the IP API but you can’t get at ICMP Raw Sockets expose ICMP you get a Raw Packet and populate the entire packet yourself for high level protocols like TCP and UDP you lose all of the functionality implemented in those layers choosing to use a Raw Socket must be weighed carefully Raw Sockets can be dangerous Raw Sockets can be against the law http://www.kumite.com/rsnbrgr/rob/grcspoof/cnn/ ...

9p muathu_102 28-01-2013 45 3   Download

Cysteine plays a number of important roles in protecting the cell from oxidative damage through its thiol functional group. These defensive func-tions are generally considered to be carried out by the low molecular weight thiol glutathione and by cysteine residues in the active sites of pro-teins such as thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin.

16p mobifone23 18-01-2013 44 5   Download

Fish produce mucus substances as a defensive outer barrier against envi-ronmental xenobiotics and predators. Recently, we found a bioactive pro-tein in the mucus layer of the flounder Platichthys stellatus, which showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococ-cus aureusand methicillin-resistantS. aureus.

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The human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus accumulates large amounts of intracellular mannitol to enhance its resistance against defense strategies of the infected host. To explore their currently unknown roles in mannitol metabolism, we studied A. fumigatus mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (AfM1PDH) and mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (AfM2DH)

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Cathelicidins comprise a family of antimicrobial peptides sharing a highly conserved cathelin domain, which play a central role in the early innate host defense against infection. In the present study, we report three novel avian cathelicidin orthologs cloned from a constructed spleen cDNA library of Coturnix coturnix, using a nested-PCR-based cloning strategy.

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp đề tài:"The influence of microclimate and tree age on the defense capacity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L. ) against oxidative stress"

5p toshiba4 20-09-2011 50 5   Download