The FreeBSD system
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Lecture Operating system concepts (Sixth ed) - Module A: The FreeBSD system. The following will be discussed in this chapter: history, design principles, programmer interface, user interface, process management, memory management, file system, I/O system, interprocess communication.
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Essential System Administration,3rd Edition is the definitive guide for Unix system administration, covering all the fundamental and essential tasks required to run such divergent Unix systems as AIX, FreeBSD, HP-UX, Linux, Solaris, Tru64 and more. Essential System Administration provides a clear, concise, practical guide to the real-world issues that anyone responsible for a Unix system faces daily.
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Get cutting-edge coverage of the newest releases of UNIX--including Solaris 10, all Linux distributions, HP-UX, AIX, and FreeBSD--from this thoroughly revised, one-stop resource for users at all experience levels. Written by UNIX experts with many years of experience starting with Bell Laboratories, UNIX: The Complete Reference, Second Edition provides step-by-step instructions on how to use UNIX and take advantage of its powerful tools and utilities.
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FreeBSD—the powerful, flexible, and free Unix-like operating system—is the preferred server for many enterprises. But it can be even trickier to use than either Unix or Linux, and harder still to master.Absolute FreeBSD, 2nd Edition is your complete guide to FreeBSD, written by FreeBSD
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Subversion sets the standard in version control systems. Championed by open-source developers, Subversion is behind some of today's biggest and most important software, including Apache, FreeBSD, Ruby, and MediaWiki. But more than just a tool for open-source collaboration, Subversion has made a significant impact in the corporate IT world. Most developers will now encounter Subversion source control during their career.
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I have been a long time developer of the Berkeley Software Distributions (BSD). My involvement started in 1976, at the University of California at Berkeley. I got drawn in as an office-mate of Bill Joy, who single-handedly wrote the code for BSD and then started handling its release. Bill went on to run the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) which developed and released the first fully complete BSD distributions. After Bill’s departure to become a founder of Sun Microsystems, I eventually rose to head the CSRG and oversee the release of the freely redistributable 4.4BSD-Lite. The 4.
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Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier Science. Copyright © 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier Science prints its books on
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FreeNAS is free software that turns a PC into a Network Attached Storage (NAS) server. It supports client connections from Microsoft Windows, Apple OS X, Linux, and FreeBSD. It has a web interface for administration and includes support for RAID (0, 1, 5), iSCSI, drive encryption, and UPnP. Based on FreeBSD, it has modest system requirements but is scalable for the enterprise. This book will show you how to work with FreeNAS and set it up for your needs. You will learn how to configure and administer a FreeNAS server in a variety of networking scenarios. You will also learn how...
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INTRODUCTION 5 Cost PHP is free. You can download the latest version at any time from http://www.php.net for no charge. Learning PHP The syntax of PHP is based on other programming languages, primarily C and Perl. If you already know C or Perl, or a C-like language such as C++ or Java, you will be productive using PHP almost immediately. Portability PHP is available for many different operating systems. You can write PHP code on the free Unixlike operating systems such as Linux and FreeBSD, commercial Unix versions such as Solaris and IRIX, or on different versions of Microsoft Windows.
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In the previous chapter, we looked at how to get an up-to-date FreeBSD source tree. Once you have the sources, you can build various components of the system. The main tool we use for this purpose is make, which we looked at on page 167. The best way to think of upgrading the system is that everything is a matter of changing files. For the purposes of this discussion, you can divide the files on your system into the following categories:
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The FreeBSD project keeps the entire operating system sources in a single master source tree, called a repository, which is maintained by the Concurrent Versions System, or CVS. It’s included in most multi–CD-ROM distributions of FreeBSD. The repository contains all versions of FreeBSD back to Release 2.0 and the last release from the Computer Sciences Research Group of the University of California at Berkeley, 4.4BSD-Lite, upon which it was based.
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One of the outstanding things about UNIX is that all system configuration information is stored in text files, usually in the directory /etc or its subdirectories. Some people consider this method primitive by comparison with a flashy GUI configuration editor or a ‘‘registry,’’ but it has significant advantages. In particular, you see the exact system configuration. With a GUI editor, the real configuration is usually stored in a format that you can’t read, and even when you can, it’s undocumented.
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Before you can run FreeBSD, you need to start it up. That’s normally pretty straightforward: you turn the machine on, a lot of things scroll off the screen, and about a minute later you have a login: prompt or an X login window on the screen. Sometimes, though, the process is of more interest. You have a number of options when booting, and it’s also a source of a number of problems, so it pays to understand it. In this chapter we’ll look at the following topics:
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ISDN stands for Integrated Systems Digital Network. It’s the new, better, washeswhiter telephone system that is replacing POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) in some countries, notably in Europe. FreeBSD supports ISDN with the isdn4bsd driver. We won’t look at ISDN further in this book. • Leased lines form the backbone of the Internet. They’re
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Under FreeBSD, data on conventional hard disks is stored in the UNIX File System or UFS format. CD-ROMs and CD-Rs use a different file system, the ISO 9660 format, which is compatible with other systems. This is not a problem when you mount a CDROM: FreeBSD includes a read-only ISO 9660 file system. When you want to write a CD-R, however, things are a little more complicated: the medium requires you to write the entire file system at once, and since the file system is stored in a different format, you can’t just copy the UFS file system. Instead, you must first create an image of...
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In the previous chapters, we’ve looked at preparing to install FreeBSD. In this chapter, we’ll finally do it. If you run into trouble, I’ll refer you back to the page of Chapter 2 which discusses this topic. If you want to install FreeBSD on the same disk as Microsoft or another operating system, you should have already read Chapter 4, Shared OS Installation.
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In many cases, you won’t want to install FreeBSD on the system by itself: you may need to use other operating systems as well. In this chapter, we’ll look at what you need to do to prepare for such an installation. If you’re only running FreeBSD on the machine, you don’t need to read this chapter, and you can move on to Chapter 5, Installing FreeBSD.
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