Transducers

This work demonstrated the potential of US for mitigating membrane fouling. However, the integration of the US transducers within the membrane system will be a major challenge for the application of US in membrane cleaning. It is more appropriate that US is used as pre-treatment to the membrane system, the transducers can be placed prior to the coagulant feed line. Further work on the determination of the detailed mechanisms associated with enhancing coagulation would enable optimisation of the system with regard to process, cost and energy efficiency.

108p runthenight05 01-03-2023 9 3   Download

Force measurement is very vital in various scientific applications and its precise measurement is very necessary for reliability of the measurement process. There are several types of simple shaped force transducers, which may range from ring shaped force transducers to cantilever type or beam type force transducers.

11p tohitohi 19-05-2020 7 0   Download

This article provides a method of acoustic emission (AE) technique to detect leakage in pipeline and locate the position of the leakage. The AE sensor is made of piezoelectric effect transducer to pick up the acoustic emission signal which is generated from the turbulent flow at the leak position.

8p tohitohi 19-05-2020 12 0   Download

The present work reports the retrospective investigation of force transducers widely used for force measurement related applications in variety of areas. The paper discusses the salient features of different types of force transducers along with their design and metrological features.

10p tohitohi 19-05-2020 11 3   Download

This paper provides a method of acoustic emission (AE) technique to detect a train bearing fault of tapered bearing unit (TBU). An approach is to utilize acoustic emission signals which were captured from piezoelectric transducer and processed using Fourier transform.

6p tohitohi 19-05-2020 17 2   Download

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) results from a deficiency in the enzyme a-L-iduronidase (IDUA), and is characterized by skeletal abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly and neurological dysfunction. In this study, we used a late generation lentiviral vector to evaluate the utility of this vector system for the transfer and expression of the human IDUA cDNA in MPS I fibroblasts. We observed that the level of enzyme expression in transduced cells was 1.5-fold the level found in normal cells; the expression persisted for at least two months....

8p system191 01-06-2013 31 5   Download

gp130 is the common signal transducing receptor subunit of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokines. gp130 either homodimerizes in response to IL-6 and IL-11 or forms heterodimers with the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor (LIFR) in response to LIF, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) or cardiotrophinlike cytokine resulting in the onset of cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphorylation cascades. The extracellular parts of both gp130 and LIFR consist of several Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like domains.

11p system191 01-06-2013 43 4   Download

Na + /K + -ATPase as an energy transducing ion pump has beenstudiedextensivelysince itsdiscovery in1957.Although early findings suggested a role for Na + /K + -ATPase in regulation of cell growth and expression of various genes, only in recent years the mechanisms through which this plasma membrane enzyme communicates with the nucleus have been studied.

6p research12 29-04-2013 31 4   Download

InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, toxic concentrations of Na + or Li + ions induce the expression of the cation-extrusion ATPase gene,ENA1. Several well-studied signal transduc-tion pathways are known correlating high salinity to the transcriptional activation ofENA1. Nevertheless, informa-tion on the actual sensing mechanism initiating these path-ways is limited.

7p research12 23-04-2013 21 2   Download

Imidazolium trans-imidazoledimethyl sulfoxide-tetrachlo-roruthenate (NAMI-A) is a novel ruthenium-containing experimental antimetastatic agent. Compelling evidence ascribes apivotal role toendothelial cells in theorchestration of tumor angiogenesis and metastatic growth, suggesting antiangiogenic therapy as an attractive approach for anticancer treatment.

10p tumor12 22-04-2013 42 2   Download

TheSTAT5(signal transducer andactivator of transcription 5) genewas isolated and characterized froma round-spotted pufferfish genomic library. This gene is composed of 19 exons spanning 11 kb. The full-length cDNA ofTetraodon fluviatilis STAT5(TfSTAT5) contains 2461 bp and encodes a protein of 785 amino acid residues. From the amino acid sequence comparison,TfSTAT5 is most similar to mouse STAT5a and STAT5bwith an overall identity of 76% and 78%, respectively, and has

14p tumor12 20-04-2013 37 3   Download

The transforming growth factorb(TGF-b) superfamily includes bone mor-phogenetic proteins, activins and TGF-bsensu stricto (s.s). These ligands, which transduce their signal through a heteromeric complex of type I and type II receptors, have been shown to play a key role in numerous biologi-cal processes including early embryonic development in both deuterostomes and ecdyzozoans.

17p fptmusic 11-04-2013 26 2   Download

We have shown recently that in human T lymphocytes, leptin stimulates activity and expression of the endocan-nabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), through STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and its CRE (cAMP response element)-like transcriptional target in the FAAH promoter [Maccar-rone, M., Di Rienzo, M., Finazzi-Agro`,A., &Rossi,A. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 13318–13324]. We have also shown that progesterone, alone or additively with leptin, up-regulates theFAAHgene in human T-cells, through the Ikaros transcription factor [Maccarrone, M.

11p awards 05-04-2013 37 3   Download

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of proteins function to activate gene transcription downstream of myriad cytokine and growth factor signals. The prototype STAT proteins, STAT1 and STAT2, are required for innate and adaptive antimicrobial immune responses that result from interferon signal transduction. While many viruses have evolved the ability to avoid these antiviral cytokines, the Paramyxoviruses are distinct in their abilities to interfere directly with STAT proteins. ...

8p awards 05-04-2013 42 2   Download

Interaction of cytokines with their cognate receptors leads to the activation of latent transcription factors, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Numerous studies have identified the critical roles played by STAT proteins in regulating cell proliferation, differ-entiation and survival. Consequently, the activity of STAT proteins is negatively regulated by a variety of different mechanisms, which include alternative splicing, covalent modifications, protein–protein interactions with negative regulatory proteins and proteolytic processing by pro-teases....

8p awards 05-04-2013 38 4   Download

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins have initiallybeendescribedas cytoplasmicproteins that enter the nucleus only after cytokine treatment of cells. Contrary to this assumption, it was demonstrated that STATs are constantly shuttling between nucleus and cyto-plasm irrespective of cytokine stimulation. This happens both via carrier-dependent as well as carrier-independent transportation. Moreover, it was also recognized that cyto-kine stimulation triggers nuclear retention of dimeric STATs, rather than affecting the rate of nuclear import. ...

7p awards 05-04-2013 36 3   Download

General and simple principles are identified that govern signal transduc-tion. The effects of kinase and phosphatase inhibition on a MAP kinase pathway are first examinedin silico. Quantitative measures for the control of signal amplitude, duration and integral strength are introduced. We then identify and prove new principles, such that total control on signal ampli-tude and on final signal strength must amount to zero, and total control on signal duration and on integral signal intensity must equal)1.

15p awards 05-04-2013 44 3   Download

The leptin receptor (LEPR) is a class I cytokine receptor signalling via both the janus kinase⁄signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK⁄STAT) and the MAP kinase pathways. In addition, leptin has been shown previously to activate AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle. To enable a detailed analysis of leptin signalling in pancreatic beta cells, LEPR point mutants with single or combined exchanges of the three intracellular tyrosines were expressed in HIT-T15 insulinoma cells....

11p awards 05-04-2013 32 3   Download

TheB class cell-attachedephrinsmediate contact-dependent cell–cell communications and transduce the contact signals to the host cells through the binding interactions of their cytoplasmic domains. Two classes of intracellular effectors of B ephrins have been identified: one contains the PSD-95/ Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ)domain(for examplePDZ-RGS3), and the second the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain (e.g. the Grb4 adaptor protein).

12p dell39 03-04-2013 44 5   Download

Cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) is known to activate transcription when its Ser133 is phosphorylated. Two independ-ent investigations have suggested the presence of Ser133-independent acti-vation. One study identified a kinase, salt-inducible kinase (SIK), which repressed CREB; the other isolated a novel CREB-specific coactivator, transducer of regulated CREB activity (TORC), which upregulated CREB activity.

19p dell39 27-03-2013 41 4   Download