Chamaecrista pumila has empirically been used to treat inflammation-associated complications. However, the molecular mechanism and chemical components underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of this medicinal plant are poorly understood. Hence, the present study aimed to identify main bioactive compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. pumila extract, which was demonstrated to possess the strongest anti-inflammatory effect in a previous study, and provide mechanistic insights into modulation of inflammatory responses by the compound of interest.

Exposure of blood to tissue factor (TF) rapidly initiates the coagulation serine protease cascades. TF is expressed by macrophages and other types of cell within atherosclerotic lesions and plays an important role in throm-bus formation after plaque rupture. Macrophage TF expression is induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inter-leukin-1band tumor necrosis factor-a. Here we demonstrate that activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) LXRaand LXRbsuppresses TF expression....

Sialidases are enzymes that influence cellular activity by removing terminal sialic acid from glycolipids and glycoproteins. Four genetically distinct sia-lidases have been identified in mammalian cells. In this study, we demon-strate that three of these sialidases, lysosomal Neu1 and Neu4 and plasma membrane-associated Neu3, are expressed in human monocytes. When measured using the artificial substrate 2¢-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-a-d-N-acetylneuraminic acid (4-MU-NANA), sialidase activity of monocytes increased up to 14-fold per milligram of total protein after cells had differ-entiated into macrophages. ...

The effects of protection of chylomicron remnants from oxidation on their uptake and induction of lipid accumula-tion in macrophages were investigated using chylomicron remnant-like particles (CRLPs) containing the lipophilic antioxidant drug, probucol, andmacrophages derived from thehumanmonocyte cell line,THP-1.The total lipidcontent of THP-1 macrophages was markedly higher (·2.2) after 48 h of incubation of THP-1 macrophages with CRLPs containing probucol (pCRLPs) when compared to CRLPs without probucol, and this was because of increases in tri-acylglycerol (·2.3) and cholesterol (·1.8) levels, while cho-lesteryl ester concentrations were not significantly changed....

The macrophage is critical to the innate immune response and contributes to human diseases, including inflammatory arthritis and plaque formation in atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angio-genic cytokine that is produced by macrophages.

Lipid accumulation alters macrophage biology and contributes to lipid retention within the vessel wall. In this study, we investigated the role of adipophilin on triglyceride accumulation and lipid-droplet formation in THP-1-derived macrophages (THP-1 macrophages). In the presence of acetylated low-density lipoprotein, macrophages infected with an adeno-virus expressing human adipophilin showed a 31% increase in triglyceride content and a greater number of lipid droplets compared with control cells....

Exposure to quartz particles induces a pathological process named silicosis. Alveolar macrophages initiate the disease through their activation, which is the origin of the later dysfunctions. Ascorbic acid is known to selectively dissolve the quartz surface. During the reaction, ascorbic acid progressively disappears and hydroxyl radicals are generated from the quartz surface. These observations may be relevant to mammalian quartz toxicity, as sub-stantial amounts of ascorbic acid are present in the lung epithelium. ...

The influence of the fatty acid composition of chylomicron remnant-like particles (CRLPs) on their uptake and induction of lipid accumulation in macrophages was studied. CRLPs containing triacylglycerol enriched in saturated, monounsaturated, n)6or n)3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from palm, olive, corn or fish oil, respectively, and macrophages derived from the human monocyte cell line THP-1 were used.

Quantitation of superoxide radical (O2 – Æ) production at the site of radical generation remains challenging. A simple method to detect nanomolar to micromolar levels of superoxide radical in aqueous solution has been devel-oped and optimized. This method is based on the efficient trapping of O2 – Æ using a novel fluorescent probe (2-chloro-1,3-dibenzothiazolinecyclohex-ene), coupled with a spectra character-signaling increase event.

Nonenzymatic covalent binding (glycation) of reactive aldehydes (from glu-cose or metabolic processes) to low-density lipoproteins has been previ-ously shown to result in lipid accumulation in a murine macrophage cell line. The formation of such lipid-laden cells is a hallmark of atheroscler-osis.

Phagocytosis represents a mechanism used by macrophages to remove pathogens and cellular debris. Recent evidence suggests that phagocytosis is stimulated under specific conditions of stress, such as extracellular pres-sure and hypoxia.

Parasitic nematodes can downregulate the immune response of their hosts through the induction of immunoregulatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). To define the underlying mechanisms, we measuredin vitro the production of IL-10 in macrophages in response to cystatin fromAcantho-cheilonema viteae, an immunomodulatory protein of filarial nematodes, and developed mathematical models of IL-10 regulation.

Current evidence indicates that chylomicron remnants (CMR) induce macrophage foam cell formation, an early event in atherosclerosis. Inflam-mation also plays a part in atherogenesis and the transcription factor nuclear factor-jB (NF-jB) has been implicated. In this study, the influence of CMR on the activity of NF-jB in macrophages and its modulation by the fatty acid composition of the particles were investigated using macro-phages derived from the human monocyte cell line THP-1 and CMR-like particles (CRLPs)....

A novel geneZC3H12A, encoding MCP-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP), was recently identified in human peripheral blood monocytes treated with monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and in human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1b. These experiments revealed that the gene undergoes rapid and potent transcription induction upon stimulation with proinflammatory molecules, such as MCP-1, IL-1b, tumour necrosis factor aand lipopolysaccharide.

Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease associated with an increased number of macrophages (adipose tissue macrophages) in adipose tissue. Within the adipose tissue, adipose tissue macrophages are the major source of visfatin⁄pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor⁄nicotinamide phos-phoribosyl transferase.

The synthetic immunomodulator muramyl dipeptide (MDP) has been shown to induce, in vivo, mitochondrial proton leak. In the present work, we extended these findings to the cellular level and confirmed the effects of MDPin vitro on murine macrophages.

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học đề tài : Macrophages and cytokines in the early defence against herpes simplex virus

Macrophages and cytokines in the early defence against herpes simplex virus

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Human saliva, plasma and breast milk exosomes contain RNA: uptake by macrophages

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: The density of macrophages in the invasive front is inversely correlated to liver metastasis in colon cancer