Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth, but most of it in soil is insoluble and unavailable to plants. To increase crop yields, farmers use chemical fertilizers, causing soil pollution from the accumulation of insoluble P. Beneficial microorganisms called phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can change insoluble organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds into forms that plants can absorb. This article seeks to deepen knowledge of how PSM can improve plant growth, decrease soil phosphorus contamination, and contribute to the future of sustainable agriculture.